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學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載中學(xué)英語語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一---句式句型陳述句,_表示結(jié)果的三種結(jié)構(gòu)_。making,killing,injuring型。makes/killed/injured型。whichmakes/killed型。倒裝句完全倒裝:將整個(gè)謂語移至主語前面(介詞短語,時(shí)間副詞,地點(diǎn)副詞等等置于句首)。1,Therebe句型及其變體eg:Therecomesthebus。2,某些副詞在句首且句子主語是名詞地點(diǎn)副詞,there,here等等。eg:Herearemyrepliestoyourquestions。Herecomesthebus。Theregoesthebell。時(shí)間副詞,then,now等等eg:Thencametotimetopart。Nowcomesyourturn.。方位副詞,in,out,up,down,away,off,back等等。eg:IncomesMr.smith.Outwentthechildren.Awayranthefrightenedtiger.Downflewtheeagletoseizethechicken..3,介詞短語放在句首(充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語)eg:Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.4,作表語的adj,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞在句首eg:Happyishewhohasasoundmindinasoundbody.(快了屬于這樣的人,有健康的體魄和強(qiáng)有力的頭腦。)Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.部分倒裝:將助動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語前面。only、onlywhen、onlyif等等。eg:OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizeit.Onlybyworkinghardcanmemakeit.(makeit“做成功”的意思)否定,半否定詞位于句首。3,____,so/nither/nor。4,so/such……that型。eg:Suchacleverboyishethat……5,虛擬語句的變形IfsbshouldV=ShouldsbVIfsbweretoV=weresbtoV6,幾個(gè)特別句型Ifitwerenotfor=WereitnotforIfithadnotbeenfor=HadnotbeenforNot……nutill,+倒裝句adj+a+n(名詞)+倒裝eg:Howcleveraboyheis。讓步狀語從句adj/adv/n+as/though+主語+謂語型(盡管……)注意:句首名詞不帶冠詞。Eg:Scientistasheis,heremainsmodest.Nomatterhow/However+adv/adj+S+V型Eg:Howeverdifficultcomputescienceis,Iwilltrymybest.祈使句(下劃線為??贾R(shí)點(diǎn))1,V(原型)開頭,willyou?2,祈使句……,or/andyouwill……3,祈使句的回答肯定回答:Yes,Iwill.否定回答:No,Iwillnot.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本結(jié)構(gòu):Itis+___+that型強(qiáng)調(diào)句疑問句:Isit+___+that型What/why/where+beitthat……型Itisnotuntil……that……型注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)句的完整性(從句必有引導(dǎo)詞,狀語要有介詞連接)。以下是幾個(gè)例子:Eg:ItisinthisclassroomthatwehadtheMid-autumnparty.Itisbecausehisfatherwasindangerthathewasveryworried.Whatisitthatmakesyousounhappy.ItwasnotuntilImadesomanymistakesthatIrealizehewasright.★特別提醒一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換句式IdidnotrealizehewasrightuntilImadesomanymistakes.→NotuntilImadesomanymistakesdidIrealizehewasright.→ItwasnotuntilImadesomanymistakesthatIrealizehewasright.Howcome……?=Howitcomeabout?(何以如此?為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情呢?)Sowhat?那又怎么樣?Whatif……?倘若又……?Wheretherebe……,therebe…….(eg:Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.)Thereasonwhy……isthat……Sweetspring,fullofsweetdaysandroses.美妙的春天,充滿了美好的日子和芳香的玫瑰。Atruefriendissomeonewhoreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.真正的朋友是一個(gè)可以援助并感動(dòng)你的心扉的人。Losenotachancetowakenlove.別失去喚醒愛的良機(jī)。Letthemorelovingonebeme.讓我成為更有愛心的人。It’seasytobetolerantifyoudonotcare.如果你不在乎,便很容易寬容。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二:——冠詞定冠詞(The)簡記口訣世界獨(dú)一二次現(xiàn),序詞形容高級(jí)前,富人傷員按天算,方位樂器影劇院,群島湖山江湖號(hào),普專名復(fù)合姓氏前,雙知年代擊中臉,特指事物及習(xí)慣。解釋:=1\*GB3①世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西,eg:Themoon,Theearth.。=2\*GB3②在文章中第二次出現(xiàn)。=3\*GB3③序數(shù)詞,形容詞的最高級(jí)前面用定冠詞,eg:Thefirst,themodest。=4\*GB3④富人(therich),傷員(thewounded)這類由形容詞變?yōu)槊~用定冠詞,表示計(jì)量,度量的這類詞用定冠詞,eg:bytheday。=5\*GB3⑤表示方位的詞,theup,theback,theeastside。樂器前面用定冠詞,eg:thepiano。影劇院等公共場所也用定冠詞。=6\*GB3⑥群島,湖泊,山(不是峰,峰不加定冠詞,eg:thehuangshan(黃山),MountQomolangma(珠穆朗瑪峰)),“號(hào)”是指一些艦艇的命名,例如:泰坦尼克號(hào),TheTitanic。=7\*GB3⑦由普通名詞轉(zhuǎn)為專有名詞,姓氏前面用定冠詞。=8\*GB3⑧“雙知”是指雙方都知道的;年代,inthe1990s;“擊中臉”這類表達(dá),hitsbbytheaim,hitsbonthenose,hitsbinthechest,hitonthehead等等。=9\*GB3⑨特指事物,一些習(xí)慣用定冠詞。不定冠詞(a)由抽象名詞變?yōu)榫唧w名詞,adanger(一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的人),amust(一個(gè)必要手段),asuccess(一個(gè)成功的人)。在一些比較級(jí)前面,abettervoice,amoreinterestesbook,amuchbetteranswer。在最高級(jí)前,請(qǐng)分清范圍問題。沒有范圍限制用“a”,有范圍限制用“the”,例如:amostinterestingbook(一本非常有趣的書),themostinterestingbook(最有趣的書),可以看出前者是沒有范圍的,后者是在所有中比較的,有范圍。表達(dá)再一個(gè),又一個(gè)用a,例如:吃完一個(gè)土豆,還要一個(gè)asecondpotato。再回答一個(gè)問題asecondquestion。表示在眾多的之一,eg:aredone紅色中的一個(gè),但theredone表示唯一的,相當(dāng)于特指。注意:在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要好好區(qū)別定冠詞和不定冠詞用法細(xì)節(jié),還有積累一些常見的特殊用法。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三——代詞It/they/them的用法:代指上文說到的名詞。2,some的用法:用于肯定句。不確定指代,eg:someMr.wangcalledinwhileyouwentout.Something重要人物,大人物(含貶義)。Nobody什么都不是(含貶義)。Nothing==notanything什么都不是。用于有“建議,提議”之意的句中,eg:Wouldyoulikesomemoresugar?用于期待得到肯定回答,eg:Wouldyoupleaselendmesomemoney.2,any的用法:用于否定句,疑問句,翻譯為“一些”。用于肯定句,翻譯為“任意的,任何的?!?,every的用法:任意的,任何的。Eg:WhileIagreewithsomething,Idon’tagreewitheverything.4,一些常見的引申詞Everything一切Somethingmorethan不僅僅Nothinglessthan不僅僅Nothingbut僅僅Anythingbut絕非,絕不是Nothingmorethan僅僅Nothingisimpossible==anythingispossible。5,one/ones的用法:one指代上面所指其中的一個(gè)或者一類。Ones指代上面說到的幾個(gè)。6,全部否定neither,none。部分否定eachboth,all,every。Eg:Bothhisparentsarenotworkers.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.7,that的代詞用法:用于平行比較結(jié)構(gòu)。Eg:Shewantstokeepherhairaslongasthatofhersister’s.ThequnlityofthecarmadeinGermanyisbetterthanthatofthosemadeinJapan.8,another/other的用法:Another又一個(gè),再一個(gè);另外的,額外的。Theother兩者之一。Others別人。Theother’+復(fù)數(shù)名詞==theothers。Everyotherday每隔一天。Eg:Heistallerthanalltheotherstudents.Thestudentcantakeadayoffeveryotherweek.一個(gè)常識(shí):everytowweeks==afortnight十四天。9,none與noone的用法:Noone后面不接of,指代人。None后面可接of,可以指代人,指代物。Eg:Noneisintheclassroom.Noneofthestudent.★一個(gè)特別的固定回答:—Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?—None.—Whoisintheclassroom?—Noone.知識(shí)點(diǎn)四——形容詞,副詞一、記住幾組詞義變化Hard→hardlywide→widelyMost→mostlyhigh→highlyDeep→deeplynear→nearlyjust→justly比較級(jí)倍數(shù)表達(dá)比較級(jí)+thanAs……as結(jié)構(gòu)The+名詞(size/length等等)+of==beofa+名詞AandBareofa+名詞(color/size)。補(bǔ)充:在這里的“a”意為“同一個(gè)”。2,差值比較(記住這個(gè)例子)Iam10cmtallerthanyou.Iamtallerthanyouby10cm.3,The+比較級(jí)+S+V,the+比較級(jí)+S+V。比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)4,從表達(dá)情感看Not+比較級(jí)+than只是單純的比較No+比較級(jí)+than強(qiáng)調(diào)少,反面。不能修飾比較級(jí)的詞:very,so,too,as,quite,fairly,more,less,most等等??尚奘潜容^級(jí)的詞:程度方面:far,much,even,still,rather數(shù)量方面:many,much,alot,agreatdeal,alittle,afew(可數(shù))。排序口訣縣官大腹便便,喜新厭舊,好色誤國,貪財(cái)圖名。解釋:“縣”是指一些數(shù)詞,冠詞,指示代詞等限制性詞?!肮佟笨傮w描寫詞?!按蟆笔侵复笮。L短,高低的詞語。“腹便便”表示形狀的詞。“新,舊”指年齡?!吧笔侵割伾??!皣敝竾?,產(chǎn)地。“財(cái)”指材料?!懊敝该~。提醒:記住順序,不要記錯(cuò)了!1,adj/adv+enough+n。表示還要,又一個(gè):數(shù)詞+more+n==another+數(shù)詞+n。感官動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài),用形容詞作表語Eg:Touchingsoft,thesilksellswell.還有smellgood,tastedelicious,lookfine。V+賓語+adj表狀態(tài)Washyourhandsclean.Cookfooddelicious.Returnedhometired.Openthedoorwide.Shutthedoortight==thedoorwastightlyclosed.動(dòng)詞的副詞形式不表示動(dòng)作,只表示特征,本質(zhì)。ThepenwritessmoothlyTheclothwasheseasilyGlassbreakseasily.知識(shí)點(diǎn)五——狀語從句時(shí)間狀語when—表示瞬間,一般過去while—表示一個(gè)過程在進(jìn)行,過去進(jìn)行as—同步的while還有“趁著……”之意,eg:strikeironwhile(itis)hot。before“才……”,“寧愿……”,注意與when,that,since區(qū)別。Itwillnotbelongbefore(就)weleaveschool.Itwas3yearsbefore(才)thepolicecaughtthethief.Itis10yearssinceIwasasingle.Itwasin1998thattheywenttoBeijing.Itwas5:00inthemorningwhenthethiefbroke.3,“一……就”的表達(dá)Immediately,instantly,directory,assoonas,once,themoment,theminute,thesecond,hardly……when……,nosooner……then等等。狀語從句中的事態(tài)變更用一般現(xiàn)在式表示一般將來用現(xiàn)在完成式表示將來完成用一般過去式表示過去將來狀語從句的省略將從句中的和主句相同的主語去掉,相應(yīng)的be動(dòng)詞去掉。When(weare)watchingamatch,wemayaswillkeepquiet.原因狀語表達(dá)Because,since,as,seeingthat,consideringthat,giventhat,nowthat既然,when既然。Whydidtheymakeaholeintheinsidewallwhentheycouldeasilymakethesamemeintheoutsidewall?Whyareyoulookingforanewjobwhenyouhavesuchagoodone?條件狀語從句就……而言:Aslongas,solongas,sofaras只有……才:onlyif……倘若……:ifonly……Incase萬一……,forfearthat/lestthat以免,以防……記住兩組詞:Provided/providingsuppose/supposingOnconditionthat條件是……讓步狀語從句Nomatterhow(however)+adv/adj+S+VAdj/adv/n+as/though+S+V,evenso,盡管如此eventhough盡管……陳述句,轉(zhuǎn)折,though。eg:Therehappenedaserioustrafficaccidenthere,noonedied,though。Whether……or……無論……還是……eg:Whetherhecomesornot,wewillsetoffontime。知識(shí)點(diǎn)六——定語、狀語、名詞性從句比較一、定語從句,先行詞作為主語或賓語用which,that(注:可以省略)先行詞作為狀語用when,where(可以用“介詞+which”代替)。狀語從句,沒有先行詞,沒有介詞,時(shí)間狀語用when,地點(diǎn)狀語用where,沒有代換結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞性從句(主、賓(介賓,動(dòng)賓)、表、同)下面通過幾個(gè)例子來分析一下它們之間的區(qū)別:1,Wewillbuildthefactorywherethereusedtobeapool.顯然是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語從句,故用“where”。2,Wewillbuildthefactoryinaplacewhich/thatusedtobeapool.由于“aplace”是先行詞,故判斷為定語從句,再看從句部分缺主語,故用which或that。3,Wewillbuildthefactoryinaplacewhere/inwhichthereusedtobeapool.由于“aplace”是先行詞,故判斷為定語從句,再看從句部分先行詞作為狀語,故用where,也可以用inwhich代替。4,Wewillhaveapartywhenitiswarmandfine.沒有先行詞,它是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,故用when。5,Wewillhaveapartyonwhatweallthinkapleaseday.首先沒有先行詞,故不是定語從句,再看,“weallthink”缺少賓語,加之前面的介詞on可知,本句位名詞性從句中的賓語從句,故用what。6,WewillhaveapartyonAprilthe4th,whenwewillallbefree.“Aprilthe4th”為先行詞,故為定語從句,“onAprilthe4th”為時(shí)間狀語,故用when,可以用onwhich代替。7,WewillhaveapartyonAprilthe4th,whichwearelookingforwardto.“Aprilthe4th”作為先行詞,“onAprilthe4th”為“l(fā)ookingforwardto”的賓語,加之前面有逗號(hào)可知為非限制性定語從句,故用which,但不能用that代替。由此可知,先判斷是否有先行詞,判斷先行詞是關(guān)鍵,判斷先行詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:看后面所描述的是否為先行詞的內(nèi)容。二、theway作為狀語時(shí)用inwhich或that,作為主語或賓語時(shí)用which。Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhetreatshisonlyso.三、與time有關(guān)的搭配,當(dāng)time作為“次數(shù)”使用時(shí),與that搭配;當(dāng)time作“一段時(shí)間”與when搭配。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavegonetoBeijing.HestayedinBeijingforsometimewhenhisfatherwasinhospital.四、定語從句與分句(舉例說明)Yesterdayhebought50eggs,someofwhicharenotfresh.本句為非限制性定語從句,缺主語所以用which。Yesterdayhebought50eggs,andsomeofthemarenotfresh.本句有標(biāo)志詞and和逗號(hào)之為分句,又作為主語,故用them。記?。悍志涞臉?biāo)志為逗號(hào)+and/but/or。形式為:,and/but/or五、比較such……that和such……as,前者是表示結(jié)果狀語從句;后者表示定語從句,不能出現(xiàn)和先行詞重復(fù)的結(jié)構(gòu)。1,Nobelissuchagoodmanasmostpeoplearoundtheworldadmireverymuch.2,Thisissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallwanttoseeit.“it”指代的就是“aninterestingfilm”形成重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu),故用that。3,Thisissuchaninterestingfilmasweallwanttosee.與2相比少了“it”這一重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu),為定語從句,用as。六、表示所屬關(guān)系的定語從句,記住兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)The+n+ofwhom(先行詞是人)==ofwhomthe+nThe+n+ofwhich(先行詞是物)==ofwhichthe+nThetallmanoverthereisMr.Green,whosedaughterisamurseinthishospital.ThetallmanoverthereisMr.Green,thedaughterofwhomisamurseinthishospital.ThetallmanoverthereisMr.Green,ofwhomthedaughterisamurseinthishospital.幾道綜合習(xí)題Thiskindofplantsgrowsbest_____itiswarmandwet.Thiskindofplantsgrowsbestatplace_____itiswarmandwet.Thiskindofplantsgrowsbestin_____hasalotwarmandwet.Thenews_____hetoldmeyesterdaywastrueThenews_____theOlympictorchwasattackedinpairscausedwideconcern.解析:1,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,故用where。2,定語從句,先行詞作為地點(diǎn)狀語用where。3,有介詞“in”,形成介賓,屬于名詞性從句,缺主語,故用what。4,定語從句,先行詞充當(dāng)賓語,故用which。5,是同位語從句,并且后面結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的,沒有殘缺成分,故用that。知識(shí)點(diǎn)七——單句、分句與復(fù)句,謂語、非謂語(參考:云南省富源縣第一中學(xué)劉會(huì)老師講義)一、單句、分句與復(fù)句單句只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,或者用and/or等引出并列謂語,無論句中有無逗號(hào),在其它成分中,如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等,表示動(dòng)作時(shí)只能用動(dòng)詞的非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。分句是由and/or/but引出的兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)簡單句,有逗號(hào)分開,各有各的謂語,不用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu),不用從句的引導(dǎo)詞。復(fù)句是由主句加上從句構(gòu)成,每個(gè)句子必須有自己的引導(dǎo)詞,少數(shù)情況可以省略引導(dǎo)詞,但主句前不能用引導(dǎo)詞,主句和從句分別有自己的謂語。簡記為:單句只有一謂語。And,but,or分句,不用從句引導(dǎo)詞。分句從句用謂語,從句必有引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)從句非主語。二、★謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞即在句中充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞,有16種時(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu),非謂語動(dòng)詞是指用在主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語中表示動(dòng)作概念的動(dòng)詞形式,共有3類12種。第一類、動(dòng)名詞。作主語或賓語。主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為V-ing,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為being+v-ed;完成結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)為havingv-ed;完成結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)為havingbeenv-ed。第二類、分詞。作表語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、定語。作表語時(shí),表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行,用v-ing;表示被動(dòng)或完成,用v-ed;作狀語時(shí),根據(jù)分詞和句子之間的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)關(guān)系,分為:一般主動(dòng)。即句子主語和分詞是主謂關(guān)系,不強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作和句子動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系,用v-ing。完成式主動(dòng)。即句子和分詞是主謂關(guān)系,分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作之前,或?qū)渥觿?dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的結(jié)果或影響,用havingv-ed。一般被動(dòng)。即句子主語和分詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,不強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作和句子動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系,用v-ed。進(jìn)行式被動(dòng)。即句子和分詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,理解為“正在被……”,用beingv-ed。完成式被動(dòng)。即句子和分詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作之前,或?qū)渥觿?dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的結(jié)果或影響,理解為“已經(jīng)被……”,用havingbeenv-ed。作定語時(shí),根據(jù)和被限定的名詞之間的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)關(guān)系分為:表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行,用v-ing;表示被動(dòng)或完成。用v-ed。作補(bǔ)語時(shí),一般動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)語,表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行,用v-ing;表示感覺器官的動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞如果是主動(dòng)語態(tài),它的賓語補(bǔ)語,一般性的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,用不帶to的不定式;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,用v-ing;表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,用過去分詞。如果感覺器官的動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)用法,表示一般性主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,用帶to的不定式;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,用v-ing;表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,用過去分詞。第三類、不定式。不定式的5種結(jié)構(gòu),以do為例:、todo,一般動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)式;、tobedone,一般動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)式;、tobedoing,進(jìn)行式,表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;、tohavedone,完成動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)式,表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定時(shí)表示的一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,并對(duì)謂語動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的結(jié)果或影響;、tohavebeendone,完成動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)式,表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定時(shí)表示的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,并對(duì)謂語動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的結(jié)果或影響。2,不定式與動(dòng)名詞在用法上的區(qū)別:動(dòng)名詞表示的是經(jīng)常性、常規(guī)性、發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作;不定式表示的是目的性、說話后一次性、未發(fā)生、即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Yourtaskistokeepwatch.簡記為:動(dòng)名詞:經(jīng)常、常規(guī)、發(fā)生了;不定式:目的、一次、或?qū)⒁?,不定式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義:除表示情緒的形容詞外,形容詞作表語時(shí),后面的不定式,無論表示主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,要用主動(dòng)性是表示被動(dòng)意義;Havesthtodo用于主語是不定式動(dòng)作所的執(zhí)行者;tobedone用于主語不是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;例如:—IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?—Yes,Ihavesomeletterstobetyped.—Willyoubefreethisafternoon?—I’mafraidnot.Ihavealotofletterstotype.在too…to…或enough…to…的結(jié)構(gòu)中,用不定式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義;Therebe句型中,用不定式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義?!锓侵^語的使用簡記為:用于表定和補(bǔ)語,ing(應(yīng))表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行,ED被動(dòng)或完成。分詞狀語多變化,主動(dòng)被動(dòng)要分清,一般主動(dòng)ING,完成having加ED。要表被動(dòng)用ED,“正在被”用beinged,“已經(jīng)被”加Havingbeen。To的動(dòng)作未發(fā)生,說說將要或目的,掌握主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),五種結(jié)構(gòu)記得清。本部分綜合訓(xùn)練題OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,Asomebananasandvisitedhercousin.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy2.ThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseeAthenextyear.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout3.ThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasierBitmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake4.Ddowntheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn5.MostoftheartistsAtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited6.TherearefivepairsB,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing7.Thecomputercenter,Dlastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened8.ThefirsttextbooksDforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written9.TheOlympicGames,Cin776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying10.Amoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.havinggiven11.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenigh,Balongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing12.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,Aitthemostpopularsportinthewould.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake13.—Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?—I’dliketohavethispackageD,Madame.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed14.JohnwasmadeAthetruckforaweekaspunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing15.ThemissingboyswerelastseenAneartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay16.Pauldoesn’thavetobemakeBhealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning17.SeeingthesunCabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising18.HeletmerepeathisinstructionAsurethatIunderstoodwhatwas___afterhewentaway.A.tomake;tobedoneB.making;doingC.tomake;todoD.making;todo19.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyourememberBmethestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold20.______(see)fromthehill,ourschoolisverybeautiful.21.______(use)manytimes,thispenseemsveryold.22.______(catch)thefirstbus,Igotupveryearly.23.______(separate)fromothercontinentsforthousandsofyears,Australiahasmanyunusualanimals.24._______(know)whattodo,hejuststayedathome.25._______(practical)severaltimes,hecandoitwell.答案:20,Seen;21,Havingbeenused;22,Tocatch;23,Havingbeen答案:20,Seen;21,Havingbeenused;22,Tocatch;23,Havingbeenseparated;24,Notknowing;25,Havingpracticed.好好分析這幾個(gè)題,很有意義。附加:幾個(gè)有意思的變化CCustom風(fēng)格,習(xí)俗→customs海關(guān)Spirit烈酒,精神→spirits情緒Work工作→works著作,作品Color顏色→colors旗幟Regard看作→regards致意,問候Respect尊敬→respects敬意Wish祝愿→wishes祝福Content滿足→contents目錄Condition條件→conditions處境Damage損害→damages賠償金知識(shí)點(diǎn)八——獨(dú)立主格一、概念獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞或分詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),用于修飾整個(gè)句子,而不是一個(gè)詞或詞組。二、獨(dú)立主格的構(gòu)成名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞名詞(代詞)+不定式名詞(代詞)+形容詞短語名詞(代詞)+副詞名詞(代詞)+介詞短語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以放在主句前、中、后,位置靈活多變,例如:Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Theoldmansatinhischair,hiseyesclosed.Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1,作時(shí)間狀語Myshoesremoved,Ienteredalargeroom,treadingcautiouslyonthesoftmat.==Aftermyshoesremoved,Ienteredalargeroom,treadingcautiouslyonthesoftmat.脫掉鞋子后,我走進(jìn)了一間很大的房間,小心翼翼的踩在柔軟的墊子上。Greetingsbeingover,theygotdowntobusiness.==Aftertheygreetedeachother,theygotdowntobusiness.寒暄幾句后,他們談起了正事。作條件狀語Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforapicnictomorrow.==Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforapicnictomorrow.如果天氣允許的話,我們明天將去野餐。3,作原因狀語Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theywentaway.==Theywentawaybecausetherewasnothingelsetodo.由于無事可做,他們離開了。4,作伴隨狀語MissGellersatthere,headdown.==MissGellersattherewithherheaddown.蓋勒小姐坐在那里,低著頭。5,名詞+介詞短語Thehunterenteredtheforest,guninhand.那位獵人提著槍走進(jìn)了森林。6,名詞+形容詞(短語)Thefloorwetandslippery,westayedoutside.7,名詞+副詞Classover,allstudentswenttoplayontheplayground.8,★由with構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)With+n+adj/tov/v-ing/v-ed型,表示伴隨時(shí),不能用謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。Hetoldmehissecret,withhisfaceveryred.Itisbadmannerstotalkwithyourmouth.Maryrushedin,withalotofsweatonherface.Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,withamouseunderthebed.特別提醒:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。知識(shí)點(diǎn)九——虛擬語句一、表示現(xiàn)在和將來情況的虛擬條件中,條件句中謂語用相當(dāng)于過去式的形式,主句中的謂語用“would(might,could)+動(dòng)詞原形”,例如:1,IfIhadabike,Iwouldlendittoyou.2,Iftheyinvitedmetomorrow,Iwouldcertainlyattendit.3,Ifyouworkedhard,youmightsucceed.4,Ifyoucouldtype,youcouldsavealotoftime.二、表示現(xiàn)在和將來情況的虛擬條件中,在條件從句中有時(shí)還可以用“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這兩種形式。條件從句中用“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”是說話人的態(tài)度更加委婉。1,IfIweretodothejob,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.2,Ifyoushouldhaveanydifficultyingettingthemedicine,ringthisnumber.三、表示過去情況的虛擬條件從句中,條件從句中的謂語用相當(dāng)于過去完成時(shí)的形式,主句中的謂語用“would(could/might)have+過去分詞”形式。這類語句表示一個(gè)于過去事實(shí)相反的情況。1,Ifyouhadfinishedyourhomework,youwouldn’thavebeencritizedbytheteacher.2,Ifanythinghadbeenwrong,wewouldhavebeeninformed.3,Ifwehadfoundouttheproblemearlier,theaccidentmightnothavehappened.4,Ifithadnotbeenforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavepassedtheexamination.四、虛擬語氣中的省略(倒裝)1,IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefuse.==WereIyou,Iwouldrefuse.2,IfIwereinyourshoes,IwouldlethimknowwhatIthoughtofhim==WereIinyourshoes,IwouldlethimknowwhatIthoughtofhimIfItweren’tforyourhelp,wewouldbeinaserioustrouble.==Wereitnotforyouhelp,wewouldbeinaserioustrouble.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,wewouldhavefinishedsoearly.==Hadn’tbeenforyourhelp,wewouldhavefinishedsoearly.五、It’s(high)time+虛擬語氣,表示“是該……的時(shí)候了”。It’stimeyoutoldmethetruth.It’stimewepreparedforourfinalexamination.It’shightimeyourelderbrothergotmarried.六、用在that位于句首引出的句子里,表示某種愿望或感情色彩。“should”譯為“竟然”。Thatheshouldbeapoliceman.七、虛擬語氣用在tothink(that)位于句首引出的句子中,譯為“沒想到……”。Tothinkheshouldhavetreatedmelikethat.八、虛擬語氣用在wouldthat位于句首引出的句子中,表示“但愿……”。Wouldthathepassedtheexam!九、“May”開頭表示某些祝愿。Maythereneverbeanotherworldwar.十、“ifneedbe”表示“如果必要”Iwillhelpyouifneedbe.如果有必要,我會(huì)幫助你的。十一、“asitwere”(were就是虛擬語氣),表示“宛如、好像”。Wangismybestfriend,mysecondself,asitwere.王是我最好的朋友,可以說是第二個(gè)我自己。十二、“wouldhavethough”,本身為虛擬語氣,意為“會(huì)想到、會(huì)以為”等。Whowouldhavethoughtyouarehere!誰會(huì)想到你竟然會(huì)在這里。 imperative(表命令語氣) vital(表建議語氣) important(表建議) appropriate(表建議)十三、Itisessential(表命令) that后面用虛擬語氣。 strange(表竟然,驚訝語氣) seem(表驚訝) surprising(表驚訝) unbelievable(表驚訝)eg:Itisimperativethathe(should)worklattonight.Itisvitaltoyourcareerthatyou(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisstrangethatsheshouldwearsuchaskirt.ItseemssounexpectedthatthedisastershouldoccurtoChinesepeople.十四、主語是order(表命令),instruction,decree,decision(表決定),idea,requirement(表命令),suggestion(表建議),demand(表命令),wish,等名詞,氣候的標(biāo)語從句中要用虛擬語氣,用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”作謂語。eg:Hisdecisionisthathisson(should)besenttoAmericanforfurtherstudy.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gotoHainanforaholiday.十五、翻譯訓(xùn)練1,他愿望有朝一日獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。2,有必要由他來負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。3,如果他要辭職,誰來接替他?4,你要是需要什么就給我打個(gè)電話。5,誰會(huì)想到她竟然是那樣的人!6,我想現(xiàn)在是給他們一次教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。答案:見下頁。1,Hiswishisthathe(should)wintheNobelPrizeforliteratureoneday.2,Itisessentialthathe(should)beinchargeoftheproject.3,Ifheweretoresign,whowouldtakehisplace?4,Shouldyourequireanything,justgivemearing.5,Whowouldhavethoughthewasapersonlikethat!6,Ithinkit’stimetheyweretaughtalesson.知識(shí)點(diǎn)十——作文一、常見的開頭語句1,Theimportanceof……can’tbeoveremphasized.……的重要想在強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過。eg:Theimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentcan’tbeoveremphasized.2,……posesagreatthreattoourexistence.……對(duì)我們的生存造成了很大的威脅。eg:Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.3,……h(huán)asbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.eg:Obviouslytelevisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4,Withthedevelopmentof…,anincreasingnumberofstudentsare……Withthedevelopmentofoureconomyandsociety,pollutionismoreandmoreserious.Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peoplecangetacollegedegreebytakingonline-coursesathome.5,Whenitcomesto…,somepeoplethink/believethat…,othersargue/claimthatopposite/reverseistrue.當(dāng)說到……,有些人認(rèn)為……,但另一些人則持相反的觀點(diǎn)。6,Accordingtorecentsurvey,……7,……isknownasoneofthemostseriousproblemsintoday’ssociety.Wecanseeitalmosteverywhere.Asthegraphdepicts,……。8,Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtobeawareoftheseriousnessof……。9,TheEnglishproverbsay,…….Thisisquitetruebecause……。二、常見的過渡語句1,However,everycoinhasit’stowsides,_____hasit’sdisadvantage.2,Onthecontrary,therearesomeinfavorof_____.Atthesametime.Theysay_____.3,Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan_____.4,Nonetheless,Ibelievethat____ismoreadvantageous.三、常見的結(jié)尾1,Inmyopinion,______.2,F(xiàn)ormwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecansafelydrawaconclusionlikethis:____.3,Inviewoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.英語作文的高分策略:1,開頭、銜接、過渡、結(jié)尾要經(jīng)典,千萬不能犯錯(cuò);2,力求用高級(jí)詞匯,善用倒裝句,還有一些較為復(fù)雜的句型,但要求能會(huì)用,不要強(qiáng)求;3,書寫要清秀??傊?,寫好英語作文要注重平時(shí)的積累,多度多背一些好的句子句型。雜談大家好,雜談這部分講的是一些細(xì)小的知識(shí),包括的知識(shí)很多。由于本人水平極為有限,不能系統(tǒng)的給大家介紹,所以看起來相當(dāng)凌亂,還望多多包涵。但這部分才是真正的經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),學(xué)習(xí)竅門,是最有價(jià)值的部分,盡請(qǐng)關(guān)注。1,遇到inthepast,inthelast,recentyears等等時(shí),有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。eg:AgreatnumbersoftallbuildingsAinthelasttwentyyears.A.havebeenbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.havebuiltD.hadbeenbulit2,marry(結(jié)婚),match(和……相配),divorce(離婚)不能與with連用。TomhasbeenmarriedtoMalifortenyears.TomgotmarriedtoMalitenyearsago.注意這兩個(gè)句子,看看時(shí)態(tài)變化。3,“指控”的兩個(gè)搭配chargesbwithsth與accusesbofsth4,區(qū)分beworthdoingsth和sthbeworthyofdoingsth/beingdone顯然后者可以接名詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。tobedone5,hopefor希望得到……begsbfor祈求的道……begone’spardon請(qǐng)求原諒,聽不清6,Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間since+從句。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“做某事已有很長時(shí)間”;當(dāng)為延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“結(jié)束某動(dòng)作有多長時(shí)間”。eg:Ithasbeenafewyearssincehefellill.Ithasbeenafewyearssincehewasill.前者表示他生病已有一年了,后者表示從他上次生病到現(xiàn)在已有一年沒生病了。7,Itwas/willbe+一段時(shí)間+before……過多久/要多長時(shí)間才……Itwillbelongbeforehecomesback.Itwastwohoursbeforehecameback.8,problemhave(no、little)trouble(in)doingsth“在……方面有……”difficultyIhavesomedifficultyinunderstandingmyparents.9,you’dbetter==youmightaswell10,separate部分與部分分開divide把整體分開11,表示將來的幾種形式will、shall+Vbegoingto+V根據(jù)個(gè)人意愿打算做,根據(jù)已有的跡象推斷將來am/is/arev-ing一般現(xiàn)在,固定時(shí)間,航班,火車betodo表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生什么Myplaneleavesatseven。Myplaneistomakeapattern。12,Consider作“考慮”意義時(shí),considersth/doingsth.。Consider作“把……當(dāng)作”時(shí),consider_____(as/tobe)。Consider/Givien+句子,“考慮到……”、“顧及……因素”。13,meantodosth故意,想要做……meandoingsth意味著,意思是。Ididn’tmeantoyoulastnight,butyouwerenotathome.Tosucceedmeansworkinghard.14,表示方法,方式的搭配bythismeansinthiswaywiththismethod15,stareat盯著看glanceat瞥視glareat怒視Ifyouseeabeautyinthestreet,youcanlookatherorglanceather,butneverstareather,orelse/otherwise,shewillglareatyou.16,before的幾個(gè)特別用法“還來不及”,beforesb+V“才”。Itwas3yearsbeforethepolicecaughtthemurderer.Itwasnotlongbefore……過了不久……thaneverbefore比以往任何時(shí)候……17,“速度快、價(jià)格高、溫度高”都用high來描述。Thespeedisveryfasthigh.Youtemperatureisnothothigh.Thepriceisnotveryexpensivehigh.18,對(duì)一個(gè)名詞概念提問用“what”。Whathowfastishisspeed?Whatwhereishisaddress?19,否定轉(zhuǎn)移Idon’tlikethisfilmbecauseitisinteresting,butthatismoving.我喜歡這部電影不是因?yàn)橛腥?,而是因?yàn)楦腥?。Idon’tthinkheisanhonestman.我認(rèn)為他不是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。20,event(大型、正規(guī)的)比賽項(xiàng)目;重大事件。affair煩雜的事情,loveaffairs緋聞business分內(nèi)之事,商業(yè)incident小事件,小插曲conflict矛盾,沖突accident事故(意外)Mindyourownbusiness.Noneofyourbusiness.不要多管閑事。21,under作“正在被、受到了”之意underattack受到襲擊underconstruction正在被建設(shè)22,“分離結(jié)構(gòu)”千萬別上當(dāng)。Thatgreatdayhe
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