北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2016-2020年五年高考一模英語試題匯編-七選五專題

PAGEPAGE2北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2016-2020年五年高考一模英語試題匯編-七選五專題2020年北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模試題英語第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Forseriousbirderswhoregularlyobservebirdsinthewild,ignoringclimatechangeisn’tpossible.Wehavebeenseeinganddocumentingtheeffectsofawarmingclimatesinceatleastthe1950s.46Glossyblackgreat-tailedgrackles(美洲黑羽椋鳥),forexample,previouslyfoundprimarilyinthetropics(熱帶),firstreachedsoutheasternCaliforniain1964.Theyarenowfoundthroughoutmostofthestate.NewresearchfromtheNationalAudubonSocietyhighlightsthedangersofthetrend.Foritsnewreport,“SurvivalbyDegrees,”Audubonscientistsanalyzedthecurrentgeographicrangesof604NorthAmericanbirdspecies,andmodeledhowthoserangeswouldchangeatdifferentlevelsofwarming.AtaglobaltemperatureriseofthreedegreesCelsius,theyfoundthat389ofthosespecies—ornearlytwo-thirdsofthosestudied—wouldbecomeendangered,losingmuchoftheircurrenthabitat.47Whydoesthismattertoanyonewho’snotabirdwatcher?Foronething,birdsplayacrucialroleintheecology,keepingdowninsectpopulationsandservingasfoodthemselvesforlargerpredators(食肉動(dòng)物).48Theirshiftingrangeswarnofincreasingdroughts,floods,fires,risingseasandunlivablecities.49Audubonscientistsmodeledwhatwouldhappenatlesserlevelsofwarming,andtheresultsarestriking.Limitingwarmingto1.5degreeswouldreducethedangerforthree-quartersofthosethreatenedbirds.Audubon’sreport“SurvivalbyDegrees”isnotadepressingforecastbutratheracalltoaction.Itstressestheneedforactionateverylevel,byindividualsandgovernmentsalike,toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Asalifelongbirder,I’mproudoftherolemytribehasplayedindocumentingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Whenlocalconditionschange,particulartypesoffrogsorwildflowersmaydecreaseanddisappear,fewwillnotice.50Ihopepeoplecanpaycloseattentiontotheurgentmessageinthisnewreportandworktogetherforsolutions.Birdstelluswedon’thavetimetowait.A.Westillhavetimetodosomethingaboutit,however.B.Buttheyalsoserveasavisiblesymbolofbroaderenvironmentalshifts.C.Thiswouldgreatlybenefithumans,reducingthepotentialsufferingforpeople.DE.Inrecentdecades,thathasmeantaconsistentnorthwardshiftinwherespeciesarefound.F.Thechangeswillmakebirdingexciting,withbirdersfindingnewspeciesinunexpectedplaces.G.Evenifsomecouldshifttheirrangenorthward,theywouldsoonstarttorunoutofroomonthemap.【答案】46.E 47. G 48.B 49.A 50.D2019年北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模試題英語第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Empathyistheabilitytoimaginewhatitmustbelikeinsomeoneelse’ssituation.Itisanessentialpartofwhatitmeanstobehuman,totheextentthatwearesuspiciousofanyonewhodoesnotshowempathyintheirbehavior.___46___Wereadnovels,watchtelevisionandgotothetheatre,andpartofourenjoymentcomesfromunderstandingthedilemmafacedbythecharactersbecauseweknowhowwewouldfeelifwewereinthesamesituation.___47___Onestudyhasshownanimalsdisplayingempathytowardsotheranimalsandtowardshumans.Creaturesfromacrosstheanimalkingdomsuchasbeesandwhales,aswellasdomesticpets,displaybehaviorthatsuggeststheycooperatewithandprotecteachother.Inanotherstudy,psychiatristJulesMassermanandhisteamconductedanexperimentwithmonkeysinwhichthemonkeyspulledoneoftwochainsthatreleasedfood.Onechainsimplyreleasedthefood,whileanothergaveanelectricshocktoasecondmonkey.Thefirstmonkeystoppedpullingthechainthatdeliveredtheshock.____48____Thisempatheticbehaviorwasobservedinanumberofmonkeys.Theoriginofempathyisprobablytheneedfortheyoungofallanimalspeciestobecaredfor.Theycommunicatethisrequirementbycryingforattentionandtoshowpain.Bothhumanandnon-humanyoungweremorelikelytosurviveiftheirparentsreactedpositivelytotheirneeds.Peopleandanimalsalikearesocialbeingsandaremorelikelytoworktogether.____49____Ifwehelpothers,wearealsohelpingourselvesandsoempathyissensibleandrealistic.Wedon’talwaysdisplayempathy,however.Justasanimalsreactaggressivelytounknowncreaturesfromtheirownorotherspecies,humanstendtoregardpeopletheydon’tknowwithsuspicion.____50____Ourunwillingnesstotrustanyoneunfamiliarisasnaturaltousasourempathytowardsthoseweknowandlove.A.Tofeelempathyisnotrestrictedtoreallife.B.Youcanempathizewithsomeonewithoutfeelingsympathyforthem.C.Thisfearofstrangerswill,webelieve,protectusfrompersonaldanger.D.Itseemedtobewillingtogohungryratherthanseeafellowanimalsuffer.E.However,itseemsthatinfactempathymaynotbeaqualityuniquetohumans.F.Empathyplaysaroleinthatasitallowsustounderstandourfellowhumansbetter.G.It’scertainlydifficulttounderstandananimal’sintentionbehindanemphaticresponse.【答案】46.A47.E48.D49.F50.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是關(guān)于“同理心”。同理心是一種想象他人處境的能力。這是人性的一個(gè)重要組成部分，以至于我們對(duì)任何在行為中沒有表現(xiàn)出同理心的人都持懷疑態(tài)度。【46題詳解】該空位于句首，引出下文。下文提示“我們讀小說，看電視，去劇院，我們的部分樂趣來自于理解角色所面臨的困境，因?yàn)槲覀冎廊绻覀兲幱谙嗤奶幘?，我們?huì)有什么感覺?！背薪酉挛?，A項(xiàng)Tofeelempathyisnotrestrictedtoreallife.（感同身受并不局限于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。）切題。故選A?！?7題詳解】下文提示“一項(xiàng)研究表明，動(dòng)物對(duì)其他動(dòng)物和人類表現(xiàn)出同理心?！背薪酉挛?，E.However,itseemsthatinfactempathymaynotbeaqualityuniquetohumans.（然而，似乎同理心并不是人類獨(dú)有的一種品質(zhì)。）切題。上段說的是關(guān)于“人類的感同身受”，該項(xiàng)中的However“然而”與上段構(gòu)成“轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系”，并引出下文。故選E?！?8題詳解】上文提示“第一只猴子停了下來?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“這種移情行為在許多猴子身上都觀察到了?！背薪由舷挛模珼項(xiàng)Itseemedtobewillingtogohungryratherthanseeafellowanimalsuffer.（它似乎寧愿挨餓也不愿看到同伴受苦。）切題。故選D。【49題詳解】上文提示“人和動(dòng)物一樣都是社會(huì)性動(dòng)物，更有可能在一起工作?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“如果我們幫助別人，我們也在幫助自己，所以同理心是明智和現(xiàn)實(shí)的。”承接上下文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Empathyplaysaroleinthatasitallowsustounderstandourfellowhumansbetter.（同理心在其中扮演了一個(gè)角色，因?yàn)樗屛覀兏玫乩斫馕覀兊娜祟愅?。）切題。故選F?！?0題詳解】上文提示“正如動(dòng)物對(duì)來自它們自己或其他物種的未知生物的攻擊性反應(yīng)一樣，人類傾向于用懷疑的眼光看待他們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。”再根據(jù)下文“我們不愿意相信任何不熟悉的人，這對(duì)我們來說很自然，就像我們對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)和愛的人產(chǎn)生同理心一樣?！背薪由舷挛模珻項(xiàng)Thisfearofstrangerswill,webelieve,protectusfrompersonaldanger.（我們相信，這種對(duì)陌生人的恐懼會(huì)保護(hù)我們免受人身危險(xiǎn)。）切題。故選C。2018年北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模試題英語第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PeopleArePeople.51Andoursocietyhaslatelyemphasizedtheimportanceofdiversity.52Takethefollowingoldproverbsforexample.“Honestyisthefirstchapterinthebookofwisdom.”ThomasJefferson,AmericanPresident“Onefalsehoodspoilsathousandtruths.”Africanproverb“Behonesttothosewhoarehonest,andbealsohonesttothosewhoarenothonest.”LaoTzu,Chinesephilosopher“Asacrificeiswrittenoffbyalieandthemeritofdevotionbyanactofcheat.”Hindusaying53Thereseemstobeasortofculturalunity.Wedon’twishtoimplyallculturesarethesame.Culturaldiversityisreal,andpeoplefromdifferentculturesviewmanysituationsindifferentways.However,historically,differentculturesseemtosharemanycommonvalues.Theyarejustice,entlevelsofimportanceonthem.54

Butbothculturesmaystillvalueboth.Tous,itseemsasifthereissomesortofcodeofrightandwrongthateveryoneeverywhereseemstounderstand,regardlessofculture.Itisalmostasif,behindallofthediversity,onefindsacommonunderstanding—ahumanculture,ifyouwill—thatgoesbeyondracial,social,andpoliticalboundaries.55A.Eachvaluesupportsmanymorequotesfromdifferentcultures.B.Asculturesrubshoulderswitheachother,manydifferencesstandout.C.Thesequotesfromfourseparateculturesallsupportthesamevalue—honesty.D.Inotherwords,oneculturemayleanmoretowardjusticeandanotherculturemoretowardmercy.E.Itisalmostasif,despiteallourdifferences,weareallstillthesame—wearejustpeople.F.Wewanttoshow,however,thatthereismoretotheseculturesthandiversity.G.Allpeopleseemtoagreethatweshouldtellthetruth.【答案】51.B 52. F 53.C 54.D 55.E2017年北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模試題英語第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ACanineReadingBuddyDogsandpeoplehavedevelopedaspecialbondovertime.Recently,however,somedogshavetakenadifferentroleinpeople’slives—therapydogs.71Sometherapydogsvisitpatientsinhospitalsornursinghomes,whileothersvisitchildreninschoolsandlibraries.Theyaretheretohelpchildrenbecomebetterreaders.Readingprogramsthatusetherapydogshavebeeninexistenceformorethantenyears.Alltherapydogsofthisprogramareregisteredwithanorganizationthatteststhedogstomakesuretheyhavetherightpersonalityforthejob.Boththedogsandthehandlersarevolunteerswiththereadingprogram.Atthestartofareadingtherapysession,achildandadogareintroduced.Thepairisallowedtosettledowninaquietcornertogether.73Anadulthandlerstaysnearbybutgenerallyletsthedogperformitsjobwithoutinterfering(干涉).Sometimes,ahandlermayaskaquestionthatencouragesthechildtoworkwiththedogtohelpthechildfeelmorecomfortable.Noteverychildwillbeabletobepartofareadingtherapyprogramthatusesdogs.Afewchildrenmightbeallergictodogsorafraidofthem;somechildrenmighthaveculturaltraditionsthatpreventthemfromtouchingadog.74Readingtherapyprogramsinspirelearningandchange.75Theyspendtimewithhumanfriends.Fordogsthatlovehumancompanionshiopandaquietplacetorest,beingpartofareadingtherapyprogramcanbeagreatwaytospendafewhourseachday.Thereadersbenefittoo,gainingconfidenceandlearningthatreadingaloudcanbearelaxingexperience.A.Howdothetherapydogsbenefitfromit?B.Buttherapyanimalsalsoserveinmanyotherareas.C.Asthechildreads,thedogusuallyliesquietlyandlistens.D.Whenreadingtoananimal,somechildrenmaybecomerelaxed.E.Inthesecircumstances,otheranimalsareavailable,suchascatsandparrots.F.G.Adog’shandleralsotakesaclassandmustpassatesttoworkinthetherapyprogram.【答案】71.F 72.G 73.C 74.E 75.A2016年北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模試題英語第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。RhythmofLifeChoosingtherighttimetosleep,thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions,thebesthourtoeat—andevengointohospital—couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth.Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythms(節(jié)奏、韻律)oftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops,scientistshavelearnedthatwetoolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomentalskills.Manisaprisoneroftime.Butit’snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork.71PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical,emotionalandintellectuallevel.BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbio-rhythmstoplanforbigfights.72Sleep,bloodpressure,hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks,whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourman-made24-hourcycle.Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsand,mostimportantly,lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway,peoplelosetouchwiththe24-hourclockandsleepingpatternschange.Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleinto“days”lastingabout25hours.Intherealworld,lightanddarkkeepadjustinginternalclocktothe24-hourday.Butthebestindicatorofperforma