2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDⅠ.匹配詞義()1.factor A．符號；象征()2.system B．王朝；朝代()3.vocabulary C．oneofseveralthingsthat causeorinfluencesth.()4.calligraphy D．a(chǎn)llthewordsina particularlanguage()5.dynasty E．體系；制度；系統(tǒng)()6.carve F．書法；書法藝術(shù)()7.symbol G．雕刻()8.gap H．間隔；開口；差距()9.pointofview I．themixtureofgoodandbadthingsinlife orinaparticularsituationorrelationship()10.upsanddowns J．觀點，看法[答案]1－5CEDFB6－10GAHJIⅡ.默寫單詞1．despiteprep.即使；盡管2．a(chǎn)ttituden．看法；看法3．majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；特地探討4．meansn．方式；方法；途徑5．charactern．文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點6．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.觀賞；重視；感謝；領(lǐng)悟vi.增值7．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的8．regardn．敬重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待9．specificadj.特定的；明確的；詳細的10．strugglen．&vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗Ⅰ.語境填空regarded，major，carved，gaps，attitude，native，symbols，classic，related，character1．Therearehugegapsinmyknowledgeofhistory，especiallytheEuropeanhistory.2．Chinesecharactersarejustmeaninglesssymbolstomostoftheforeigners.3．Itisrequiredthatwhatyouwillwriteshouldberelatedtoeverydaylife.4．SinceyouareinterestedinChineseclassicnovels，Ithinkthisbookiswellworthreading.5．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.6．TheSpringFestivalisregardedasthemostimportantfestivalforChinesepeople.7．Thetwotownsaresimilarinsizebutverydifferentincharacter.8．Thefloorismadeupofthebrickscarvedwithcalligraphy.9．Youhavetochangeyourwrongattitudetopersonalhealthnow.10．WhenIgraduatefromhighschool，Iwanttomajorinliteratureatuniversity.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Hisstoryisbased(base)onhisownexperiencewhenhewasstudyinginHarvard2．Studentsmustbeencouragedtodotheirhomeworkusingreference(refer)books.3．Avariety(vary)offoodissoldatasupermarket.4．Whataretheeffectsofglobal(globe)warmingontheclimate?5．Themajority(major)ofdoctorsbelievesmokingisharmfultohealth.6．Allexpensesaretobeequally(equal)dividedamongthem.7．Lightindustryiscloselyrelated(relate)toagriculture.8．Itisademanding(demand)roleandsheneedstoworkhardatit.9．Theparkisbeautifulbeyonddescription(describe)．10．Iwishtoexpressmyappreciation(appreciate)foryourkindness.1．Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes，despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.盡管在歷史上經(jīng)驗了多次盛衰，但始終持續(xù)至今的古老文明讓中國著名世界。2．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.書寫漢語也成為聯(lián)系中國現(xiàn)在與過去的一種重要形式。3．AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國際學(xué)生起先通過漢語這一奇異的語言了解和觀賞中國的文化和歷史。4．WhenIlistentonativeEnglishspeakerstalkinginavideo，Icancatchonlyafewwords.Icanneverquitegetthemainidea.當(dāng)我聽到錄音中以英語為母語的人在講話時，我只能聽懂幾個詞。我從來就沒能完全搞懂過大意。5．IfI'mtalkingtoaclosefriend，Icanuseshortrequests，like“Openthewindow”—ourrelationshipiscloseandwe'reequals，soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus.假如我在和一個密切的摯友講話，我可以運用很短的懇求語，如“開一下窗戶”——我們的關(guān)系很親近，并且我們是同等的，因此我只需說幾個字，就能消退我們之間的距離。詞語助讀①connect/k?'nekt/v.連接connectAto/with/andB把A與B連接起來②widely/'waIdlI/adv.廣泛地③beknownfor(＝befamousfor)因……而著名beknown/famousas...作為……而著名④civilisation/?sIv?laI'zeI?n/n.文明；文明世界civilisev．教化，開化；使文明civilisedadj.文明的⑤allthewaythrough始終以來，自始至終⑥despite/dI'spaIt/prep.即使；盡管(＝inspiteof...)⑦upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱⑧factor/'f?kt?(r)/n.因素；要素⑨base/beIs/vt.以……為據(jù)點；以……為基礎(chǔ)n．底部；依據(jù)based/beIst/adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的picture-basedadj.以圖畫為基礎(chǔ)的⑩dateback(to...)追溯到?bone/b??n/n.骨頭；骨(質(zhì))?shell/?el/n.殼；殼狀物?symbol/'sImbl/n.符號；象征symbolicadj.象征性的symbolisev．象征，代表?carve/kɑ?v/vt.&vi.雕刻?dynasty/'dIn?sti/n.王朝；朝代?well-developedadj.健全的；發(fā)展良好的?developinto發(fā)展成……?divide/dI'vaId/v.(使)分開，分割，分成……divideo...把某物分成……?geographically/?d?i??'gr?fIklI/adv.地理上地geographical/?d?i??'gr?fIk?l/adj.地理的geography/d?I'?gr?fI/n.地理(學(xué))；地形?variety/v?'raI?ti/n.(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化；(同一事物的)不同種類，多種式樣avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various多種多樣的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))dialect/'daI?lekt/n.地方話；方言eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))character/'k?r?kt?(r)/n.文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點Chinesecharacter漢字eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))emperor/'emp?r?(r)/n.皇帝eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))unite/ju?'naIt/v.統(tǒng)一；聯(lián)合，團結(jié)unitedadj.聯(lián)合的，統(tǒng)一的；團結(jié)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))major/'meId??(r)/adj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；特地探討majorin主修……eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))unify/'ju?nIfaI/v.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))inonedirection朝著一個方向eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))beofgreatimportance＝beveryimportant特別重要eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))means/mi?nz/n.方式；方法；途徑(pl.means)bymeansof...用……手段eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))classic/'kl?sIk/adj.傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的n．經(jīng)典作品；名著classicaladj.經(jīng)典的；古典的；傳統(tǒng)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))work/w??k/n．[C]著作，作品classicworks經(jīng)典作品eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))regard/rI'gɑ?d/n.敬重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))calligraphy/k?'lIgr?fi/n.書法；書法藝術(shù)eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))playa．..rolein在……中扮演……角色(role可換為part)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))globalaffairs全球事務(wù)global/'gl??bl/adj.全球的；全世界的affair/?'fe?(r)/n.公共事務(wù)；事務(wù)；關(guān)系eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))appreciate/?'pri??ieIt/vt.觀賞；重視；感謝；領(lǐng)悟vi.增值appreciationn．觀賞；感謝；感謝eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))amazing/?'meIzI?/adj.驚人的；令人驚喜的amazedadj.大為驚異的人物小傳秦始皇(公元前259年—公元前210年)，嬴姓，趙氏，名政，是中國歷史上著名的政治家、戰(zhàn)略家、改革家，是完成華夏大一統(tǒng)的鐵腕政治人物，也是中國第一個稱皇帝的君主。秦始皇建立了一個以漢族為主體的統(tǒng)一的中心集權(quán)的強大國家——秦朝。原文呈現(xiàn)THECHINESEWRITINGSYSTEM：CONNECTING①THEPASTANDTHEPRESENTChinaiswidely②knownfor③itsancientcivilisation④whichhascontinuedallthewaythrough⑤intomoderntimes，despite⑥themanyupsanddowns⑦initshistory[1]．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible[2]，butoneofthemainfactors⑧hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.[1]which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞itsancientcivilisation。[2]關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞reasons，同時why在從句中作緣由狀語。Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-based⑨language.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearsto⑩theuseoflonggu—animalbones?andshells?onwhichsymbols?werecarved?byancientChinesepeople[3]．Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.[3]“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞animalbonesandshells。which指代animalbonesandshells。BytheShangDynasty?(around1600－1046BCE)，thesesymbolshadbecomeawell-developed?writingsystem.Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedinto?differentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredivided?geographically?，leadingtomanyvarieties?ofdialectseq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andcharacterseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))[4]．This，however，changedunderEmperoreq\o(○,\s\up1(23))QinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221－207BCE)．[4]as引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句，該從句中包含一個“itis/wasatimewhen...”句型，意為“這是一個……的時代/時刻”，其中when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾atime。v.-ing短語leadingto...characters作結(jié)果狀語。EmperorQinshihuangunitedeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))thesevenmajoreq\o(○,\s\up1(25))statesintooneunifiedeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirectioneq\o(○,\s\up1(27))[5]．Thatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))inunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak[6]，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.[5]where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞oneunifiedcountry，where在從句中作地點狀語。[6]“nomatter＋特別疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，what前省略了nomatter。WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeanseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))bywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast[7]．Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassiceq\o(○,\s\up1(30))workseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))whichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.Thehighregardeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))fortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform，knownasChinesecalligraphyeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))，whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.[8][7]“介詞by＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞animportantmeans。[8]該句是一個較困難的主從復(fù)合句。Thehighregard是主語；介詞短語for...system修飾主語。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞anartform。Today，theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportan