全國統(tǒng)考2025屆高考英語一輪復習模塊三千變?nèi)f化的動詞第5講非謂語動詞講義教案

PAGE第5講非謂語動詞Ⅰ.語法填空1.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4tofind(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.3.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.4.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

5.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.6.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged(challenge).7.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.Ⅰ.語法填空四謹記1.巧記三種非謂語動詞作狀語的基本區(qū)分(1)若非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,且正在進行,要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing);(2)若非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系,且表完成,要想到用過去分詞形式(done);(3)若非謂語動詞表將來的動作,作狀語表示目的,在喜怒哀樂的形容詞后作緣由或意料之外的結(jié)果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.駕馭非謂語動詞的句型公式It’s+形容詞+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;It’snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.。3.牢記用動名詞或不定式作賓語的動詞4.巧辨謂語動詞和非謂語動詞(1)一個句子無論是主句還是從句,必須要有謂語,一般空格所在的句子中無其他動詞,則填謂語動詞。謂語動詞要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)主謂一樣等;(2)若句中找到了謂語動詞,而又找不到連詞(并列連詞或從句連詞)時,則所給動詞肯定用作非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞須要確定是-ing形式、過去分詞形式還是不定式形式。Ⅱ.短文改錯1.(2024·全國Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.(frying→fried)2.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.(manage→managing)3.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(say→saying)4.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)NomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.(watching→watch)5.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.(sell→selling)Ⅱ.短文改錯二定法1.“五”檢查識別非謂語動詞錯誤(1)檢查介詞后的非謂語動詞是否正確;(2)檢查作主語和賓語的非謂語動詞形式是否合適;(3)檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞形式是否一樣;(4)檢查分詞作狀語是主動還是被動;(5)檢查是否該有不定式符號to。2.重點關(guān)注-ing,-ed形容詞區(qū)分(1)在英語中,有許多以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的詞,可以用作名詞修飾語,構(gòu)成形容詞。一般而言,由-ing轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞通常帶有主動意義,由-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞則帶有被動意義。(2)動詞的-ed形式作表語,主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài),含有被動的意思;而-ing形式作表語多表示主語具有的特征,含有主動的意思。非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(動詞-ing形式和-ed形式),即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以擔當句子的其他成分。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)一覽表類別時態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式主動被動動詞不定式一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendonev.-ing一般式完成式doingbeingdone過去分詞一般式done—1.主、被動形式非謂語動詞與邏輯主語(通常是句子的主語)之間存在主謂、動賓關(guān)系。與邏輯主語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時,用主動形式;與邏輯主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系時,用被動形式?！鵌gotalettersayingthatIwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.※Thebridgetobebuiltwillbethelongestoneonthisriver.2.時間先后關(guān)系依據(jù)它與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的時間先后關(guān)系定時態(tài):(1)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時發(fā)生,用非謂語動詞的一般式;(2)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,用非謂語動詞的完成式?！鵋earingtheinspiringnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.※IseemtohaveinvolvedmyselfinsomethingIdon’tunderstand.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Thosewhobreakthelawwillnotescapebeingpunished(punish).

②Seeing(see)theplatoonleaderreturning,everybodyrusheduptomeethim.③Havingplayed(play)allday,youmustbethirsty.④Heissaidtohavestudied(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.非謂語動詞作主語、表語1.非謂語動詞中能作主語的有動詞-ing形式和不定式。(1)動詞-ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習慣性的動作,不定式作主語表示詳細的、一次性的或尚未做的動作?！鵏isteningtomusicismysister’shobby.※Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.(2)it作形式主語,代替真正作主語的動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式。常見句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.等?！鵌twasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.※Itisnogoodtryingthatmethod,becauseitwon’twork.※Itisimportantforustomeetpersonallyalthoughwehavebeenintouchinvariousways.2.非謂語動詞中能作表語的有動詞-ing形式、動詞-ed形式和不定式。留意動詞-ing形式作表語意為“令人感到……的”,而過去分詞作表語意為本身“感到……的”。※TheaimofthefestivalistoincreaseawarenessofHinducultureandtraditions.※Atfirstshewasterrified,thenshepulledherselftogether.※Themostterrifyingaspectofnuclearbombingisradiation.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Hetoldmewhathadhappenedinafrightened(frighten)voice.②Itisimportantforustoget(get)intocontactwiththemassoonaspossible.③Gettingtired(tire)ofTom’sall-talk-no-actionattitude,Juliadecidedtodothejoballbyherself.非謂語動詞作賓語1.只能跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞和短語:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。2.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞和短語:agree,intend/plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。3.既可跟動詞-ing形式又可跟不定式的動詞和短語:remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,mean,start,begin,try等。如:※Doyourememberbeingintroducedtoourpresidentwhenyouvisitedourschoollastmonth?※Iregrettoinformyouhediedasaconsequenceofhisinjuries.4.不定式作decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等動詞或動詞短語的賓語時,前面常帶引導詞how,what,whether,where,when,who等?！鵗hefatherwonderedhowtoanswerhisson’squestion.5.need,require,want作“須要”講,deserve作“應(yīng)受,應(yīng)得”講時,其后接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表被動意義或不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)?！鵗hisworkneedsdoing/tobedonecarefully.※Theboyrichlydeservedpunishing.6.固定句式do/have/其他動詞+sth.+but/except(to)dosth.中的不定式用法。此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循前有實義動詞do,but后則無to,反之則有to的原則?！鵌havenothingbutpraiseforthepolice.※Ihavealotofhomeworkeveryday,andIhavenochoicebuttodoit.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Heissoillthathedoesn’tfeellikeeating(eat)anything.②Ipretendedtobe(be)asleepbutinfactIwasawake.

③Iregrettoinform(inform)youthatIcannotattendthemeetingonFriday.

④Itriedtostand(stand)up,butIwascompletelyexhausted.

⑤Bytheendofclass,sheunderstoodhowtoget(get)themright.⑥Icoulddonothingbutjoin(join)himafterIhesitatedforafewhours.非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1.“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動詞和短語(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel)后面的賓語補足語常見的有三種非謂語動詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動和完成(被動句中to還原),doing主動或正在進行,done表被動或完成?！鵌heardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedby.※Ididn’tnoticehimgetonthesamebus.2.熱點動詞let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非謂語動詞形式作賓語補足語?！鵗heteacherhadusmakeupconversationsduringclasses.※Theteachergotthestudentstolookupallthewordstheydidn’tknow.3.固定短語,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等?！鵗hepoliceexaminedthecarsandallowedthemtogoahead.4.with/without復合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式:※Withalltheworkfinished,theywentouttoplay.※Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.※Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke(smoke).②Don’tletyourchildrenplay(play)withmatches.③Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).④Apolicemansawtwothievesstealing(steal)agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.⑤Withsomanypeopletohelp(help)us,wearesuretofinishitintime.非謂語動詞作定語一、動詞不定式作定語1.動詞不定式作定語通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系?！鵋ewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.(主謂關(guān)系)※Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.(動賓關(guān)系)【點津】動詞不定式既可用主動形式也可用被動形式,但其含義有所不同。試比較:※Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?(動作的執(zhí)行者是“你”)※Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?(動作的執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2.當名詞或代詞被序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級,thelast,theonly等修飾,且不定式與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系時,常用動詞不定式作定語?！鵗hebestplacetocatchfishonacanalisclosetoalock.3.當被修飾詞是表示抽象意義的名詞時,常用不定式作后置定語,且不定式常用主動形式。常見的此類名詞有ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,opportunity等?！鵚eshoulddevelopthestudents’abilitytosolveproblems.【點津】在作定語的動詞不定式中,假如其中的動詞是不及物動詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞。但是假如被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way等,不定式后面的介詞習慣上可以省去?！鵚ouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?※Theshoppingmallisagoodplacetogo.二、動詞-ing形式作定語當該動詞與被修飾的名詞之間為主謂關(guān)系或用來表示被修飾的名詞的用途時,用動詞-ing形式?！鵗hechildstandingoverthereismybrother.【點津】被修飾的名詞與修飾詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表正在進行時,用動詞-ing形式的被動形式作定語,表示該動作的被動和進行?！鵗hehousebeingbuiltovertherewillbeournewlibrary.三、動詞-ed形式作定語動詞-ed形式作定語,分詞與被修飾的名詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系?！鵗hebookwrittenbyMoyanisverypopular.【點津】作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為doing和done,doing表示正在進行;done表示已經(jīng)完成。boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater開水【小題快練】單句語法填空①Theproblemdiscussed(discuss)atthemeetingroomyesterdaywasinvain.②Themeetingtobeheld(hold)nextweekisabouthowwecandealwiththisproblem.③Theboycrying(cry)overthereismyyoungerbrother.④Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytoprotect(protect)thewildanimals?

⑤Doyouhaveanythingtosay(say)foryourself?

⑥D(zhuǎn)oyouhavetheabilitytoread(read)andwriteEnglish.非謂語動詞作狀語1.動詞不定式作狀語,表示目的、結(jié)果、緣由等。(1)作目的狀語,有時用inorderto或soasto,但soasto不用于句首?！?2024·江蘇高考)Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.※Inordertocatchthetrain,shehurriedthroughherwork.(2)作結(jié)果狀語,其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語,常用結(jié)構(gòu)enoughto,so/such...to,too...to...,onlyto等?！鵜ou’reoldenoughtotravelonthetrainbyyourself.※Hewassofoolishastoleavehiscarunlocked.(3)作緣由狀語,此時常與表示情感的形容詞連用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等?！鵋ewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedinperfectorder.【點津】動詞不定式也可以跟在一些作表語的形容詞easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作狀語,構(gòu)成“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),不定式用主動形式表示被動意義?！鵗hematerialsaresoftandcomfortabletowear.2.動詞-ing形式作狀語動詞-ing形式作狀語,常表緣由、伴隨、時間、結(jié)果等,與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。※Wehearofwomenwhorunaway,leavingbehindtheirhomesandfamilies.※(2024·天津高考)Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeetclappingfor10minutesattheendoftheshow.【點津】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常表示意想不到的結(jié)果;而動詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語時,常表示自然而然的結(jié)果?！鵋urriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.3.動詞-ed形式作狀語(1)動詞-ed形式作狀語,分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系?！?2024·江蘇高考)Technologicalinnovations,combinedwithgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.(2)某些動詞-ed形式已經(jīng)形容詞化,且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,此時這些動詞-ed形式既不表示被動,也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài),如lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(隱瞞的),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿著……的),tiredof(對……感到厭倦的)等?！鵋ehidhisfaceinhishandsagain,lostinhisownthoughts.※Hewasabigmaninhisforties,smartlydressedinasuitandtie.【點津】有部分分詞或不定式短語作狀語,其動詞形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立成分。常用的有considering...(鑒于,考慮到);generallyspeaking(總的來說);judgingby/from...(從……來看,依據(jù)……來推斷);supposingthat...(假定……);providingthat...(假定……);giventhat...(鑒于,由于……)4.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點:a.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在;b.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系;c.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與句子分開。(2)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。※Everymorningtheoldmanwalksinthepark,hispetdogfollowinghimalong(=andhispetdogfollowshimalong).※Shestoodthere,hereyeslookingupwardintotheskyandherhandscrossedonherbreast.【小題快練】單句語法填空①Weatherpermitting(permit),wewillgoforapicnicthisSaturday.②Whetherthiswillbesuccessfulornotisstilldifficulttopredict(predict).

③Tomrushedtoclassroomonlytobetold(tell)itwasaSunday.④Hearing(hear)thatBobhadgotpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehim.⑤Praised(praise)bytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Havingtheopportunitytospeak(speak)Mandarineverydayreallyimprovedmylearning.2.WehopethatNationalChineseCharactersContestwillgetmorepeopletobrush(brush)upourwrittenlanguage.3.Therewerealsoalotofpeoplemaking(make)specialdrawingstohelpthemrecallimportantmoments.4.Thus,itwillbethethirdChinesecitytohost(host)thegames.5.FacebookCEOZuckerbergjusthadababygirlnamedMax,andtohonour(honour)theoccasion,he’sgivingawaythemajorityofhiswealth.6.Youwillbedeeplyimpressedbythebestqualityguaranteed(guarantee)byourrichexperienceongroupoperation.Ⅱ.語法填空Whatannoysyoumostinlife?Anewsurveyonannoyingthingshassomeinterestingfindings.Thereport1.__________(divide)intoanumberofcategories.Transportcomesfairlyhighupinthelist,withbuses,planesandtrainsallcapable2.__________drivingusmad.Someofthethingswefindmostirritating(令人惱火的)aboutbusesincludemissingabus,3.__________(particular)afterrunningtothebusstop,andpeopleinbuseswhocrowdneartheentrance4.__________(refuse)tomovedowntotheendofthebus.

Theairportisalsoaplacethatcanreallywindusup.Beinghitbyout-of-controlluggagecartsorbeingcaughtontheanklesbysomeonewhocan’tcontrolthemproperlyisenoughtomakeusseered.Gettingin5.__________slow-movingqueuetocheckinourbaggagewhenourflightisabouttoleave6.__________(be)alsoenoughtomakeourbloodpressuresoar.7.__________(delay)flightsareobviouslyannoying,butairlinesthatrefusetokeepusuptodatewiththelatesttravelinformationmakeuseven8.__________(angry).

Thetrain9.__________(cause)botheraswell.Blockedtoilets,buffetcarswithnosandwichesandpassengers10.__________makeloudmobilephonecallsallappearonthelist.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白乘坐公交車、飛機和火車等交通工具會遇到的一些煩人事。1.【解析】isdivided?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語report與謂語動詞divide構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,且陳述客觀事實應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。主語為單數(shù)名詞report,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填isdivided。2.【解析】of?？疾榻樵~。表示“能夠做某事”短語為becapableofdoingsth.。故填of。3.【解析】particularly?？疾楦痹~。修飾后文介詞短語afterrunningtothebusstop應(yīng)用副詞particularly,表示“特殊”。故填particularly。4.【解析】refusing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知refuse在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填refusing。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。名詞queue此處表泛指應(yīng)用不定冠詞,且slow-moving為輔音音素開頭的單詞,故應(yīng)用a。故填a。6.【解析】is?？疾橹髦^一樣。本句陳述客觀事實應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,且句子主語為動名詞短語Gettinginaslow-movingqueuetocheckinourbaggagewhenourflightisabouttoleave,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故填is。7.【解析】Delayed?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知delay在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語flights構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Delayed。8.【解析】angrier?？疾楸容^級。結(jié)合句意表示“更生氣的”,應(yīng)用形容詞比較級angrier。故填angrier。9.【解析】causes?？疾槊~的數(shù)。cause為可數(shù)名詞,句中為一般現(xiàn)在時,后文bother為動詞原形,可知此處應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式。故填causes。10.【解析】who/that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞passengers,且先行詞在從句中作主語,指人,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that。故填who/that。Ⅲ.短文改錯WithmyhomeworkwasfinishedlastSunday,Iwenttothecountrysidetoseemygrandfather.Atabout9,Isetoffandarrivedatmyhomeafteranhour.Seenme,hefeltveryexcitedandwelcomedmewarm.Ihandedhimthefreshfruitboughtinthesupermarketbuthegavemesomesnacks.Thenwewenttocatchfish.Itwasnotlongafterwecaughtalotoffish.Havingbroughtthemhome,mygrandfathercookedsometome.Afterlunch,Ihelpedhimcleanthehouseandhepraisedmewithbigsmileonhisface.Whenitwastimeformetoleave,mygrandfathergavemesomegiftswhatIlikedverymuch,andhuggedme.ItwassoabeautifuldaythatIwillrememberitforever.答案:1.【解析】第一句去掉finished前的was?？疾閣ith復合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子成分可知,該句運用了“with+賓語+