新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點(diǎn)追蹤與預(yù)測專題03 非謂語動(dòng)詞的確定（講義）（原卷版）

專題03非謂語動(dòng)詞的確定01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考考點(diǎn)二分詞【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01分詞考點(diǎn)二分詞【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01分詞作狀語和補(bǔ)語命題點(diǎn)02分詞作表語和定語【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01不定式作狀語和補(bǔ)語命題點(diǎn)02不定式作作賓語和定語命題點(diǎn)03不定式作主語和表語【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)名詞考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)名詞【高考解密】命題點(diǎn)01動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語命題點(diǎn)02動(dòng)名詞作賓語和定語【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題微專題非謂語動(dòng)詞5大易錯(cuò)陷阱05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容高考考題設(shè)問非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)核心價(jià)值：高考英語試卷試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)對(duì)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。融入中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的文化自信。如2023年新高考全國I卷語法填空介紹小籠包；又如2022年新高考全國I卷語法填空語篇報(bào)道中國設(shè)立大熊貓保護(hù)國家公園的情況，介紹中國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)成就。這些語篇和情境通過講述中國故事，以浸潤的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加強(qiáng)對(duì)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀的認(rèn)同，增強(qiáng)文化自信，厚植愛國主義情懷。學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：從選材方面來說，近幾年的語法填空選材新穎，緊跟時(shí)代腳步和熱門話題，體現(xiàn)時(shí)代性和立德樹人，強(qiáng)調(diào)中國元素，引入傳統(tǒng)文化的介紹，融入人與自然和諧發(fā)展的觀念，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展。從考查的能力方面來說，在高考試卷中，語法填空對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)的考查是多方面的，主要從單詞的記憶、語法知識(shí)的掌握、長難句分析和語言的感知、推理能力、邏輯判斷能力和思維能力等。從考查的考點(diǎn)角度分析，主要考查點(diǎn)包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，代詞的指代，冠詞的用法，介詞、動(dòng)詞短語的固定搭配，形容詞、副詞的變形，謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式變化，并列連詞和復(fù)合句的考查等。2023年新高考I卷語法填空:wanting作主語補(bǔ)足語2023年新高考II卷語法填空:visiting作定語2023年全國甲卷語法填空:borrowing作狀語2023年全國乙卷語法填空:Havingvisited作狀語Recording作賓語2023年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:/(6月)語法填空:/2022年新高考I卷語法填空:Covering作狀語2022年新高考II卷語法填空:falling作定語2022年全國甲卷語法填空:planning作狀語2022年全國乙卷語法填空:inviting作狀語2022年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:/(6月)語法填空:/2021年新高考I卷語法填空:aching作定語2021年新高考II卷語法填空:thinking作狀語2021年全國甲卷語法填空:spending作賓語2021年全國乙卷語法填空:visiting作賓語2021年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:living作定語2023年新高考I卷語法填空:recognized作定語2023年全國甲卷語法填空:intended作定語2023年全國乙卷語法填空:built作定語2023年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:surrounded作后置定語2023年全國甲卷語法填空:held作后置定語2021年浙江卷 (1月)語法填空:studied作后置定語2023年新高考I卷語法填空:tobite；作賓語tobelifted作賓語補(bǔ)足語2023年全國甲卷語法填空:toteach作目的狀語2022年新高考I卷語法填空:toincrease作目的狀語2022年新高考II卷語法填空:tosee作目的狀語2022年全國甲卷語法填空:：tojourney作后置定語2022年全國乙卷語法填空:tostrengthen作目的狀語2022年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:tocontinue作賓語2021年新高考II卷語法填空:toeducate作目的狀語2021年全國甲卷語法填空:towalk固定句型作主語2021年全國乙卷語法填空:tohave作賓語2021年浙江卷(1月)語法填空:toplant作目的狀語考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式命題點(diǎn)01不定式作狀語和補(bǔ)語典例01【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____42their____(they)contents.典例02【2023年全國甲卷】Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)___41___(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom典例03【2022新高考I卷】Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.命題點(diǎn)02不定式作作賓語和定語典例01【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38or____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.典例02【2022全國甲卷】Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.命題點(diǎn)03不定式作主語和表語典例01【2021全國甲卷】Itispossible

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(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.典例02【2020年北京卷】Ittakesthemhundredsofyears___5___(break)down.動(dòng)詞不定式的核心考點(diǎn)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語①表示目的Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.②不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前常加only。Georgehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthathistrainhadjustleft.③too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，too修飾形容詞或副詞，不定式表示否定含義。onlytoo...to...或否定詞+too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式表示肯定含義。Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.箱子太沉，我搬不動(dòng)。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.能幫助您，我感到十分榮幸！Wearenevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老。④enoughto...結(jié)構(gòu)，enough后置修飾形容詞或副詞，意思是“足以……”。Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.孩子這么大了，該上學(xué)了。⑤不定式有些約定俗成的說法，可以用作獨(dú)立狀語，主要有：totellthetruth/tobehonest說實(shí)話tocutalongstoryshort長話短說tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是tobesure可以肯定的是tobefrank坦率地說Tobehonest,thepayisn’tattractiveenough.(2)不定式作定語不定式作定語表示未做的事情。Hisfirstnoveltobepublishednextmonthisbasedonalovestory.不定式作定語的特殊用法：①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance,right,courage,promise,time,opportunity,way,thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashingtonD.C.②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。Unluckily,insuchabigfamily,thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Sheisalwayslookingforacheaproomtolivein.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語(1)動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語動(dòng)詞agree,offer,intend,plan,demand,ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine等后面接不定式作賓語，可以利用“順口溜”來記憶：同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)。動(dòng)詞come,get,grow后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，意為“逐漸地……”。Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitationtotheconcert.Shehasahottemper,butyouwillgrowtolikeher.注意：下列單詞或短語后可接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,findout,advise,discuss等。Sorry,Ireallydon’tknowwhattodowiththiskindofmatter.4.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.Itisveryenjoyabletoswimwithyou.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)5.不定式作補(bǔ)語①接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，此類動(dòng)詞(短語)有：advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,like,mean,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon/upon,longfor,waitfor等。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountryalone.Pleaseremindmenottobelatefortheimportantmeeting.We’realllongingforthenewsummerholidaytobegin.②接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)有：make,have,let等使役動(dòng)詞以及see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,feel,hear,listento等感官動(dòng)詞。如果這些動(dòng)詞或短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則to不可省略。動(dòng)詞help后的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)順口溜：省to賓補(bǔ)有十一，五看二聽三使役；一個(gè)幫助兩均可，還有一個(gè)是感覺。如若主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，小to一定要帶齊。(3)with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Heliedonthechair,withanewspapercoveringhisface.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withnothingtoeat,thethreechildrenhadtogohungry.6.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語不定式作表語時(shí)，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的動(dòng)作。HisbiggestambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.命題點(diǎn)01不定式作狀語和補(bǔ)語1.（2023·湖南省雅禮十六校第一次聯(lián)考）TwothingsIdidmayhavecausedpeople________(think)thatsomethingiswrongwithme.2.（2023·河北省石家莊市全過程測試）3.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中高質(zhì)量監(jiān)測（五）)________(address)theproblems,YanimprovedDai’spapermakingtechnology,thussavingproductiontimeandreducinglaborcosts.命題點(diǎn)02不定式作作賓語和定語1.（2023·河南省安陽市TOP二十名校摸底）Theoxwasoriginallyfirst,buthewassokindthatheagreed________(carry)thelittleratacrosstheriver.2.（2023·廣東省惠州實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)5月試題）Thiscommunity,calledHuaYanHui,in2011followingaHanfurevival(復(fù)興)movementthatemergedfromgrowingculturalconfidenceandthedesire___(express)nationalidentity.Sincethen,hehasbeenvolunteeringtosupportthegroup.3.（2023·江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)測試）GaininginspirationfromjadeforasecondtimehonorstheChinesecapital’suniquepositionasthefirstcity__________（host)theSummerandWinterOlympics.考點(diǎn)二分詞命題點(diǎn)01分詞作狀語和補(bǔ)語典例01【2023年全國乙卷】____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47wasamazed____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.典例02【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris____44rarely____(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft_____45_____(want)morenexttime.典例03【2023年全國甲卷】“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,___44where___alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,___45___(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.命題點(diǎn)02分詞作表語和定語典例01【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】Shanghaimaybethe____39____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.典例02【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto___40___(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.典例03【2023年全國乙卷】Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____41to____royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully____42____(build)systemofringroads....Theteachercameintothelab,followedbytwostudents.Theteachercameintothelab,followedbytwostudents.分詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語①一般式doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)②完成式havingdone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Nothavingcompletedtheprogramme,theyhavetostayedthereforanothertwoweeks.③被動(dòng)式havingbeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，與句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.(被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前)(2)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Seenfromthemoon,theearthlooksgreen.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.Comparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.Thecupfelldowntotheground,brokenintopieces.2.分詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)形式(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)形式(補(bǔ)語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。TheSlowMovementisatermthatdescribesawiderangeofeffortstakingplacearoundtheworld.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoutinourcountry.(3)過去分詞作定語過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有被動(dòng)形式的定語從句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式，意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression,tears,smile,voice等名詞。3.分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是多是一些感官動(dòng)詞(短語)后，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)常見的有：have,see,hear,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch,smell,feel,send,listento,lookat等。Shenoticedthemanlookingatheracoupleoftimes.Hediscoveredhersittingnearthefire,readingabook.Justlookattheheavyrainpouringdown.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)②過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有主謂關(guān)系，多用來表示動(dòng)作已完成?？山舆^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have,see,hear,find,leave,want,make等。Inthemorningpeoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged.Manytownsandvillageshadtheirwatersupplycutoffbecausetherewasnoelectricity.ThreefamousparksinandaroundLondonhadover1,400treesblownover.Lateronthecenterhadalargenumberofnewtreesplanted.(3)with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Heliedonthechair,withanewspapercoveringhisface.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withnothingtoeat,thethreechildrenhadtogohungry.4.分詞做表語注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，通常為分詞化的形容詞。命題點(diǎn)01分詞作狀語和補(bǔ)語1.（2023·江蘇省泰州中學(xué)調(diào)研）It’susefultobeabletomakesnowwhennaturedoesn’tprovideenough.Butartificialsnowissurelynotthesameasnaturalsnow,whichhasmoreairandlesswater.Anathleteusedtonaturalsnowmighthavetoadjusttheirstylewhen________(perform)onman-madesnow.2.（2023·浙江省名校協(xié)作體統(tǒng)考）Dingworkedonaprojectcalled“TheInvisibleAreSignificant”,___58___(hope)morestudentswouldrespectthe“invisible”staff.3.（2023·江蘇省連云港市調(diào)研）However,withChinesewriting______(become)increasinglystandardizedandsimplified,itbecameatraditiontouseXiaozhuanforseals.命題點(diǎn)02分詞作表語和定語1.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）Hisceramicworks,bothfunctionalandsculptural,arefullofelementsoffashion,humor,andcharacter_______(paint)onwithtraditionalChineseink.2.（2023·河南省名校聯(lián)考高三5月模擬）Alotofusmaybestillrecoveringfromantisocialhabits_____(form)inthetoughtime.考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)名詞命題點(diǎn)01動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語典例01[2021·浙江1月]Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn'tknowhistown'sname,________（find）asmallneighborhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.典例02[2020·海南卷]______（talk）freelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgivesyourdoctortheinformationsheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.命題點(diǎn)02動(dòng)名詞作賓語和定語典例011.【2023年全國乙卷】Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___48___(record)everythingIdiscovered.典例02[2021·浙江1月]Today:inAustralia:mostchildrenonaveragefall2000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoid______（be）overweight.典例03[2019·上海卷]Intherecentyears,seaerosionhasledtomanyturtles'nest________(damage)ordestroyed.動(dòng)名詞的核心考點(diǎn)(1)動(dòng)名詞做賓語①動(dòng)詞admit,appreciate,avoid,consider(考慮),delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevactation.HeenjoyseatingapplesplantedinShandongProvince.②動(dòng)詞短語can’tstand,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodwe’dliketoeat.Thestudentsarebusy(in)preparingthemid-termexamination.注意：動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的順口溜：建議完成多練習(xí)(suggest,advise,finish,practice)，避免錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid,miss,delay)，承認(rèn)喜歡和原諒(admit,enjoy,like,love,forgive,excuse,pardon)，允許想象需欣賞(allow,imagine,appreciate)，反對(duì)逃脫與冒險(xiǎn)(mind,escape,risk)，考慮抵制要繼續(xù)(consider,resist,keep)，厭倦拖延別放棄(betiredof,putoff,giveup)，期望堅(jiān)持定成功(lookforwardto,insiston,stickto,succeedin)。Haveyoufinishedcleaningthewindows?窗子擦好了嗎？Wouldyoumindshuttingthedoor?勞駕把門關(guān)上行嗎？Ienjoyedworkingtherebecauseofthegoodpay.我在那里工作很高興，待遇不錯(cuò)。③介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：whatabout,howabout,befondof,begoodat等的介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon后也可以接名詞。Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation,hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.注意：①表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；表示某一特定的或具體的行動(dòng)，多接不定式作賓語。Ilikelisteningtorockmusic,buttodayIdon’tliketo.②want,require,need表“需要”講，后用不定式時(shí)，要用其被動(dòng)形式；用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，用其主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。Theoldhouserequiredtoberepaired.Theoldhouserequiredrepairing.(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語WatchingTVtoolongdoesharmtooureyes.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)It’snogoodsmoking,you’dbettergiveitup.(3)動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的內(nèi)容。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.命題點(diǎn)01動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語1.（2023·廣東省惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研）________(eat)so-called“junkfoods”doesactivatethebrain’srewardsystem,butthathighisshort-livedbecauseit’snotthedeeprewardofrealcomfort.2.（山東省曲阜市第一中學(xué)考試）________(melt)andrefreezingofpolariceisnatural.Butinawarmerworld,thecyclespeedsup,andpolarbearshavelesstimetohunt.Normally,theyhavethreemonthsinthespringwhentheygainmoreweight.Theextrafatwillbeused,whenthebearsarenotactivelyhunting.命題點(diǎn)02動(dòng)名詞作賓語和定語1.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭市高三調(diào)研）Bythetimehewas13yearsold,hisfatherhadgivenup________(paint)himselfbecausehefelthissonhadalreadysurpassed(超越)him.2.（2023·江蘇省高郵市第一中學(xué)月考）Despiteit________(be)abusyworkday,thousandsofpeoplewearingblackcametotheMingyangshanMortuaryHouseinthecity,wherethememorialservicewasheldat10am,topresentbouquets(花束)andbunchesofriceandpaytribute(頌詞)toYuan.（2023·浙江省七彩陽光新高考研究聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考）Testflightsaremoreabout________(judge)theaircraft'ssafetyandreliability.非謂語動(dòng)詞5大易錯(cuò)陷阱易錯(cuò)陷阱1：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。【分析】非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語。現(xiàn)在分詞：doing表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表伴隨、自然而然的結(jié)果、原因、條件等;havingdone強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前。havingdone強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)且完成的動(dòng)作。過去分詞：表被動(dòng)，表時(shí)間、原因、條件等。不定式：作目的狀語，用于句中時(shí)不能用逗號(hào)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。作原因、程度等狀語。用于固定短語中。典例01（廣東省2023-2024學(xué)年6校高三聯(lián)考）Thetablet,(find)inJindongVillage,measures1.4metershigh,0.61meterswide,and0.14metersthick.典例02（2023年廣東高三模擬）_______(dress)inafullbodysuitofice,asymbolofpurityandstrength,thepandawearsahelmetwithcoloredhalo.典例03(2023·江蘇省徐州市高三5月模擬)Inrecentyears,however,Wuxihascarriedoutaseriesofreformsandinnovation(promote)theinheritanceofintangibleculturalheritageprojects.易錯(cuò)陷阱2：非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。beingdone表示被動(dòng)且正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，作后置定語。過去分詞：表被動(dòng)，易與謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)bedone和謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去時(shí)混淆。不定式：需跟不定式的名詞：ability,attempt,decision,effort,failure,way,promise等。典例01（湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Huawei,whichhasenduredyearsofUSsanctions,surprisedtheworldonAug29,withanunadvertisedannouncement-thelaunchofitslatesthigh-endsmartphone,theMate60Pro,(price)at6,999yuan($964).典例02（廣東省湛江市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Aresort(度假勝地)inVietnamhasopenedaglass-bottomedfootbridge,thethirdsuchbridgeintheSoutheastAsiancountry,______(connect)twomountains.典例03（廣東省2023-2024學(xué)年6校高三聯(lián)考）Astonetablet(牌匾)(date)backtotheyear1693,whichfallswithintheQingDynasty(1644—1911),wasdiscoveredinDamingCounty,northChina’sHebeiProvince,saidlocalauthorities.易錯(cuò)陷阱3：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作補(bǔ)語易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在分詞：作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示主動(dòng)或正進(jìn)行。過去分詞：在表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice,feel等；在“使”動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)。如：have,get,keep,leave,make等。不定式：常跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：allow，ask，beg，cause,command,elect,forbid,force,get,help,intend,invite,wouldlike,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,teach,advise,wish,encourage,instruct,urge等.典例01（湖北省孝感市重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthisyear,thenumberofpeopleusinghanfuproductsinChinawillreach6.89million,withtotalsales(expect)toreach10.16billionyuan.典例02（湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三摸底考試）Whenshespottedsuchabandonedgoods,sheputapairofeyeball-shapedstickersonthembeforepublishingnotesonhersocialmediaaccounts,andguidingothers_____(pick)themupfromthestreets.典例03（廣東省廣州市2023-2024學(xué)年高三訓(xùn)練試卷）ThisfilmnotonlyidentifieswiththeChinesepeoplebutalsoallowstheworld__(explore)therichtraditionofTangpoetryandthe“ChinesePoetryUniverse.”易錯(cuò)陷阱4：非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語：finish,practice,enjoy,mind,avoid,admit,appreciate,feellike,suggest,stand,risk，consider,escape,miss,delay,dislike,imagine,understand,lookforwardto,insiston,bebusy,can'thelp,getdownto,beworth等。常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:afford，agree，arrange,ask,care，choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,hope,manage，of-fer，plan,，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，want,wish,aim，fail,long,happen,hesitate,struggle,attempt,volunteer,desire等。在wh-疑問詞后常跟不定式作賓語。典例01（浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟）Oneshouldbeclearaboutwhat(love)orhate.Rencomesfromlearningandself-cultivation:itcanbeseenfromaperson’sappearance.典例02（遼寧省六校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試卷）Shynessmakesitdifficult(meet)newpeopleandmakefriends.典例03（廣東省東莞實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)“收心”試題）What’smore,ChineseCultureCentersinCairo,Paris,Berlin,TokyoandDenmark,tonameafew,areintroducingChinabyholdingculturalactivities,openingtrainingclasses,and(build)libraries.易錯(cuò)陷阱5：非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語和主語易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。作主語：動(dòng)名詞、不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。作表語：動(dòng)名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)；過去分詞作表語說明人的狀態(tài)、表情或感受。當(dāng)主語部分有all/what/everything/do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以省略符號(hào)to。典例01（2024屆浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟適應(yīng)性考試試題）AsanexpertfortheBabyAnnabellAskTheExpertscampaign,peoplehaveaskedmeif(have)ashypersonalityissomethingwearebornwithorifit’ssomethingwedevelopbasedonourexperiences.典例02（遼寧省重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）Ithasindeedbeenagrowingtrendforurbanresidents________(volunteer)inruralareas.典例03（2023年全國高三模擬）Whatyou'vesaidis_________(convince),soI'lltakeyouradvice.1.（湖南省雅禮中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Traditionaldishessuchasmomos,atypeof________(steam)dumplingfilledwithmeatorvegetables,andTibetanbuttertea,madefromyakbutterandtealeaves,areserved.2.（湖南省長沙麓山國際實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）First(manufacture)inShanghaiinthe1940s,WhiteRabbitwasn’tonlyahouseholdnameinChina,italsowasusedasgiftsforforeigndignitaries(政要).3.（湖南省長沙市南雅中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Wearingacostumeand(arm)withapropspear(道具長矛),the42-year-oldwalksconfidentlyacrossthestage,practisingavarietyofmartialartmovements,beforeendingthedrillwithaliangxiang(strikingaposeonthestage).4.（2024屆廣東省四校高三第一次聯(lián)考試題）Sofar,Shandonghaslaunchedmanyculturaltourismprojects,makinggreatprogressindiggingintothecultureandvalueoftheYellowRiver_______(boost）thehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheregion.5.（廣東省執(zhí)信中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三開學(xué)試題）Whatyouhavetorememberis(put)theglassdown.6.（廣東省六校2023-2024學(xué)年高三第一次聯(lián)考試題）Eventuallysixty-sevenpanda-specificprotectedareas(represent)70percentofthespecies’rangewereestablished.7.（廣東省2023-2024學(xué)年新高三聯(lián)考試題）Thereef,between15kilometersand150kilometersoffshoreandaround65kmwideinsomeparts,isagatheringofbrilliant,vividcoral(provide)diverswiththemostspectacularunderwaterexperienceimaginable.8.（湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三摸底考試）Later,“stooping”wasextendedtomean“pickingupabandoneditemsand________(recycle)them”.9.（江蘇省常州市八校2023年高三10月聯(lián)合調(diào)研）Zhai,thecommanderofthemission,wasthefirst________(come)outofthecapsule,wavinghishandtothecheeringcrowdonsitewithabigsmile.10.（江蘇省常州市聯(lián)盟校2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月調(diào)研試題）ThehearingleftWashingtonwithdecisions________(make).11.(2023