浙江省Lambda聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期三模英語試題

浙江省Lambda聯(lián)盟2024年5月高三模擬考試英語試題卷考生須知：本試卷共8頁，24小題。滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。1.考生答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙上。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?A.At7:30. B.At8:00. C.At8:30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whattimedoesthepartystart?M:Itstartsat8o’clock.IthinkI’llarrivehalfanhourlatebecauseIhavetoworklatetoday.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttodrink?A.Orangejuice. B.Coffee. C.Hotchocolate.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?W:Iusedtoorderorangejuice,butthistimeI’dlikeahotchocolate.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdidthemanplantodoonMarch1st?A.Applyforsomeclasses. B.Callthetravelagent. C.Gotothemountains.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ijustcalledthetravelagent.It’sallset.OnMarch1st,I’mheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendarbecausemyclassesaren’tovertilltheseventh?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Unpackingabox. B.Loadingacar. C.Buyingasuitcase.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Isthereroomforthatboxupthere?M:Icanfititinthetrunk.Andthissuitcaseshouldfitinthebackseat.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatrelationisthemantothewoman?A.Hercustomer.

???? B.Hercoworker.?? C.Herboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youshouldgetsomerest.You’vealreadymixeduptheordersoftwocustomers.W:IknowIalsoknockedoveracupofcoffeeonalady.M:You’vebeenworkingtoohard.Whydon’tyouaskthemanagerfortheafternoonoff?W:Well,I’llgoandtalktohimrightaway.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有10秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heishardworking.B.Helikesmakingthings.C.Hepaid$50forthebookcase.7.Whatdidthemandointheend?A.Hetoldajoke.B.Hemadeafutureplan.C.Heaskedthewomanforhelp.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:What’sthissupposedtobe?M:It’smynewbookcase.Ijusthavetoputittogether.W:Whydidn’tyoubuyonewhichwasready?M:Tobeginwith,Ilikemakingthings.W:Iknow,butthisisalotofwork.Isitworthit?M:Ofcourse!Isaved$50.W:Wow,Ihadnoidea.M:Youknowwhat?ThenextthingIwanttomakeisacar.Willyouhelpmebuildit?W:What?You’recrazy!M:Relax.I’monlykidding!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatcouldthemanbe?A.Asupermarketmanager. B.Apoliceman. C.Ahotelclerk.9.Wheredoesthewomanthinkshelosthercellphone?A.Inataxi. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inapark.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】M:Couldyourememberhowyoulostyourcellphone?W:Aftervisitingapark,Ididsomeshoppinginasupermarket,andthenIwentbacktomyhotel.PerhapsIleftitinthetaxitomyhotel.I’mnotsure.M:OK.canyourememberthenumberofthetaxi?W:Yes.It’slikelythatthetaxiismarkedwithT3345.M:We’llgetintouchwiththetaxipanyassoonaspossible.Ifyouhaveotherclues,pleasecallus.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.WhatwasProf.Stone’sgrandfatherafraidof?A.Leavinghishome.B.Partingfromhisson.C.Takingearlyretirement.11.WhatdoesoldagemeantomanyelderlyAmericans?A.Lackofmoralsupport.B.Lossofselfworth.C.Changeoflivinghabits.12.WhatwillProf.Stonetalkaboutnextconcerningelderlypeople?A.Publicservicestheyaskfor.B.Healthcareavailabletothem.C.Contributionstheycanmake.【答案】10.A11.B12.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,ladiesandgentlemen.TodaywehaveinvitedProf.Stonetotalkabouttheroleofelderlypeopleinoursociety.Weletoourshow,Prof.Stone.M:Tobeginwith,I’dliketotellastoryfrommyownlife.Severalyearsago,whenmygrandparentswerewellintotheireighties,theywerenolongerabletocareforthemselvesverywell.Mygrandfatherwasafraidofleavingtheonlyhometheyhadknownforthepast60years.Theideaofhavingtoselltheirhomeandmoveintoaretirementhomewasanextremelypainfulexperienceforthem.Indeed,oldageforthemandmanyolderAmericanscanmeannotonlythepossiblefailureofone’shealthbutthelossofidentityandselfworth.W:Yes,it’strue.Whatdoyouhavetosayabouttheproblemofoldage?M:Manyexpertshavegiventalksherethathavefocusedonthemedicalcareandthedevelopmentofpublicservicesforseniorcitizens.Today,I’dliketofocusmymentsonthemeaningfulrolestheelderlycanplayandshouldplayinoursociety.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatdoesthewomangivethemanfirst?A.Herpassport. B.Herticket. C.Hername.14.Wheredoesthewomanasktosit?A.Infirstclass. B.Bythewashroom. C.Nearthewalkway.15.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:20. B.9:30. C.9:40.16.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Rushed. B.Grateful. C.Confused.【答案】13.C14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,there.WeletoDeltaAirlines.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?W:Hello.Justaminute,myhandsarefull...Ihavemypassportheresomewhere...M:Noproblem,ma’am.Whydon’tyoujustgivemeyourname?AndI’llgetyourticketreadyforyou.W:It’sLauraJones.I’monthe10:00flighttoToronto,Canada.I’mrunningalittlelatebecauseofthetraffic.Isthereanythingyoucoulddotohelpme?M:I’llcertainlytrymybest.I’llalsoneedyourbaby’spassport.W:Hereitis.I’msorry.Iaminsuchahurry.Mydaughterhasbeencryingallmorning.M:Ipletelyunderstand,ma’am.Letmeseewhatkindofseatsareavailableforyou.W:Actually,Iwouldpreferaseatnearthewalkwaybecauseofmydaughter.M:Youknowwhat,Ihavesomeverygoodnews.Someoneinfirstclasshasjustcanceledtheirflight.Icanmoveyouintotheirseat.Thatwillgiveyoulotsofroom,andyou’llberightbesidethewashroom,too.W:Areyoukidding?M:No,ma’am.Butboardingbeginsat9:30,whichis10minutesfromnow.We’llfindsomeonetoacpanyyouthroughsecurity,andhaveyouatthegateinlessthan20minutes.W:Youaretookind!Ireallyappreciateit!M:It’smypleasure.MerryChristmas!聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whatpositivenewsdothescientistsreportregardinglowcarbontechnologies?A.Theusageoflowcarbontechnologieshasincreased.B.Thecostsofmanykeylowcarbontechnologieshavefallendramatically.C.Theefficiencyoflowcarbontechnologieshasimprovedsignificantly.18.Whatisamajorconcernhighlightedbyobserversregardingthereport?A.Therelianceonexistingtechnologies.B.Thelackofgovernmentpolicies.C.Thedependencyonnewtechnologiestoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.19.Howdothesuggestedpersonalactionsforreducingemissionsalsobenefitindividualhealthaccordingtothereport?A.Theypromotehealthierlifestylechoices.B.Theyreducerelianceonpharmaceuticals.C.Theyincreaseawarenessofenvironmentalissues.20.Whyistherelianceonnewcarbondioxideremovaltechnologiesconsideredproblematic?A.Theyarenotwidelyacceptedbythescientificmunity.B.Theyarestillveryexpensiveandatanearlystageofdevelopment.C.Theyhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】Thereissomegoodnewsintoday’sreport.Thescientistspointoutthatthecostsofmanykey,lowcarbontechnologies:solarpower,windturbines,andbatterieshavefallendramaticallyinjustthelastdecade.Andtheysay,wecanalltakeactiononclimate:eatingabitlessmeat,andwalkingandcyclingabitmorewillcutouremissionsandmakeushealthier,theysay.Butformanyobservers,thereallyworryingaspectoftoday’sreportistherelianceitplacesonnewtechnologiestosuckcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Thescientistssaythesewillbeneededtokeeptemperaturesdowninvirtuallyallthescenariostheylookedat.Theproblemisthesetechnologiesareataveryearlystageofdevelopmentandarestillveryexpensive.Giventheurgencyofthechallengethereportsaysweface,thatisnotencouraging.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFacebook’sBigOutage—UnderstandingtheInternet’splexMachineryAt15:51UTC,wedetectedasignificantissue:“FacebookDNSlookupreturningSERVFAIL.”ThiserrorsuggestedthatourDNSresolver,,mightbemalfunctioning.However,thesituationwasmoreseriousthanweinitiallythought.Socialmediawasabuzzwithactivity,andourengineersconfirmedthatFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagramwereallexperiencinganoutage.ItappearedasiftheseplatformshadbeenabruptlydisconnectedfromtheInternet.ThiswasnotasimpleDNSproblem;itwasasignofamuchlargerissue.Facebooklaterrevealedthatachangeintheirinternalconfigurationhadcausedawidespreaddisruption,affectingnotjusttheirservicesbutalsotheabilityoftheirstafftorestorenormaloperations.DelvingintoBGPBGP,orBorderGatewayProtocol,isacriticalponentoftheInternet’sinfrastructure.It’sthesystemthatallowstheInternet’srouterstomunicateanddeterminethemostefficientroutesfordatatotravel.Essentially,BGPistheInternet’sGPS,guidingdatapacketstotheirdestinations.IfanetworklikeFacebookstopsusingBGPtoannounceitspresence,itbeesinvisibleandunreachableontheInternet.TheRippleEffectAt15:58UTC,weobservedthatFacebookhadceasedannouncingitsDNSroutes.ThismeantthatDNSresolvers,whicharetheInternet’sdirectoryassistance,couldnolongerfindtheIPaddressesforFacebook’sservices.Asaresult,attemptstoaccessFacebook.andsimilardomainsfailed.Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolutionpossible,DNSresolversworldwidebegantoexperienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomatedsystemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthenowunavailableservices.ThissurgenotonlystrainedtheDNSinfrastructurebutalsoaffectedotheronlineplatformsasuserssoughtinformationandalternatives.TheInterconnectedWebTheday’seventsunderscoredtheInternet’splexityandthedelicatebalanceofsystemsandprotocolsthatkeepitrunning.It’savast,interconnectedecosystemthatreliesonmutualtrust,standardization,andcollaborationamongitsvariousponentstoservenearlyfivebillionusersglobally.TheResolutionandBeyondBy21:00UTC,webegantoseesignsofrecoveryasBGPactivityfromFacebook’snetworkresumed.Thisactivitypeakedat21:17UTC,indicatingthatFacebookwasactivelyworkingtorestoreitsservices.By21:20UTC,theDNSfor“facebook.”wasonceagainavailableonourresolver,,andby21:28UTC,itappearedthatFacebookwasbackonline,withDNSfunctioningnormally.WhileFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagrammayhavetakensometimetoreturntofulloperation,theincidentservedasastarkreminderoftheInternet’sinterdependenceandtheimportanceofrobustinfrastructure.21.WhatwastheinitialindicationofaproblemwithFacebook’sservices?A.AdecreaseinuseractivityonsocialmediaplatformsB.TheappearanceofaerrorinDNSlookupsforFacebookC.AsuddenincreaseintraffictopetingsocialmediasitesD.ReportsofphysicaldamagetoFacebook’sdatacenters22.WhatroledoesBGPplayinthefunctioningoftheInternet?A.ItmanagesthedistributionofInternetcontenttousersB.ItprovidessecurityforonlinetransactionsC.IthelpsroutersfindthemostefficientpathfordatatotravelD.ItregulatesthespeedofInternetconnectionsworldwide23.WhydidtheoutageatFacebookleadtoasignificantincreaseinDNStraffic?A.BecauseuserswereattemptingtoaccessFacebook’spetitors,whichresultedinanelevatednumberofDNSqueriesforthoseplatforms.B.BecauseDNSresolverscouldnotresolveFacebook’sdomainnames,leadingtorepeatedqueriesC.BecauseacyberattackspecificallytargetedtheDNSinfrastructure,whichincreasedthevolumeofrequeststoDNSresolversforresolution.D.BecausetheFacebookoutageindirectlycausedphysicaldamagetotheglobalDNSnetwork,necessitatingahighernumberofqueriestoDNSresolverstofindalternativeroutes.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了Facebook等平臺大規(guī)模斷網(wǎng)事件揭示了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)復(fù)雜架構(gòu)中的脆弱性，源于內(nèi)部配置錯誤導(dǎo)致BGP路由失效，如同從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消失。這一連鎖反應(yīng)不僅影響用戶訪問，還波及其他在線服務(wù)，凸顯互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的相互依賴性和維護(hù)其穩(wěn)定運行的挑戰(zhàn)。至當(dāng)晚，F(xiàn)acebook逐步恢復(fù)服務(wù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施穩(wěn)定性的迫切需求?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“At15:51UTC,wedetectedasignificantissue:“FacebookDNSlookupreturningSERVFAIL.”(在UTC時間15:51，我們檢測到一個重大問題：“FacebookDNS查找返回SERVFAIL?！?”可知，問題的最初跡象是Facebook的DNS查找返回錯誤。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章DelvingintoBGP部分中“It’sthesystemthatallowstheInternet’srouterstomunicateanddeterminethemostefficientroutesfordatatotravel.(它是一個系統(tǒng)，它允許互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的路由器進(jìn)行通信，并確定數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)淖钣行肪€。)”可知，BGP幫助路由器找到最有效的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸路徑。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章TheRippleEffect部分中“Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolutionpossible,DNSresolversworldwidebegantoexperienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomatedsystemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthenowunavailableservices.(這次失敗引發(fā)了連鎖反應(yīng)。由于無法進(jìn)行解析，全球的DNS解析器開始經(jīng)歷前所未有的查詢激增，因為自動化系統(tǒng)和用戶都反復(fù)嘗試訪問現(xiàn)在不可用的服務(wù)。)”可知，這種無法解析Facebook域名的情況，使得DNS解析嘗試頻繁重復(fù)，從而增加了DNS流量。故選B。BFiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani’sfilmTheNightPorterwasreleasedtowidespreadcriticaldisgust,howhaveviewsofitchanged?“TowriteapoemafterAuschwitzisbarbaric,”wrotetheGermantheoristTheodorAdorno,suggestinginhis1949essayCulturalCriticismandSocietythatartisticexpressionhadbeenrenderedinadequateasatooltounderstandrealityaftertheHolocaust.Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallengedthistheory,takingittoitslogicalextreme.SheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSSmandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhaspervadedtheirsouls.Amidthefuroreafteritsrelease—whichincludedintenselynegativereviewsandanattemptedbanbytheItalianratingsboard—withtypicalnonchalance,CavanitoldTheNewYorkTimes:“Thisisnothingparedtothenumberlesscoupleswhoteareachotherapartpsychologically.”Halfacenturyon,however,doesTheNightPorterstillseemlikeaprovocationthatplumbsthedepthsofbadtaste?Withthefilm’srecentrestorationandrereleases,aswellasrenewedconversationsaroundcinematicdepictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhaverevisitedthefilmandremainunimpressedbyitscontent.OthersareperhapsseeingthefilmmoreasLilianaCavanioriginallyintended:asanartisticreflectionofhowsexualobsessioncanbefascisticinitstunnelvisionedferocity.Cavaniherselfputitmoresimply:“l(fā)oveesalwayswithapricetopay.”TheNightPorterissetinViennain1957,whereaformerNazimandant,Max(DirkBogarde),worksinanupmarkethotel.There,heclasheswithformerSScolleagueswhoaredeterminedtopurgethemselvesofanyshameabouttheirrolesintheFinalSolutionandeliminateanysurvivingwitnesses.Max,however,wouldratherforgethispastandmoveon,livinghislifequietly,hesays,“asachurchmouse.”HiscarefulworldisupendedwhenLucia(CharlotteRampling),nowmarriedtoanAmericanposer,walksintohishotellobby—theverywomanhesexuallyabusedwhileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheenteredintoasadomasochisticrelationship.Reunitedoncemore,theirtwistedfolieadeuxresumesandaferventdebasementbegins—now,onbothsides.24Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestreflectstheauthor’sperspectiveonthefilm’sportrayaloftheHolocaust?A.ThefilmisadisrespectfulandexploitativerepresentationoftheHolocaust.B.ThefilmisaplexandabstractexplorationofNaziideologyandsexualtaboos.C.ThefilmisastraightforwardhistoricalaccountoftheHolocaust.D.ThefilmisaromanticizeddepictionofloveduringtheHolocaust.25.Inthecontextofthearticle,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheterm“sadomasochistic”?A.Aformofpsychologicaltherapy.B.Atypeofartisticexpression.C.Arelationshipdynamiccharacterizedbytheexchangeofpainandpleasure.D.AhistoricalaccountofeventsduringWorldWarII.26.Whatisthemainargumentofthosewhodefendthefilm’sartisticmerit?A.ThefilmprovidesarealisticportrayaloftheHolocaust.B.Thefilm’scontroversialnaturegeneratesimportantdiscussions.C.Thefilmisasuccessfulexampleofthe“Nazisploitation”genre.D.Thefilm’splotandcharacterdevelopmentarehighlyoriginal.27.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthearticle?A.“TheNightPorter:ACinematicControversy”B.“LilianaCavani:TheDirectorWhoChallengedArt”C.“LoveandEvil:TheplexThemesofTheNightPorter”D.“TheHolocaustonFilm:AHistoryofCinematicPortrayals”【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了對莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的電影《午夜守門人》的具有爭議的評價。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallengedthistheory,takingittoitslogicalextreme.SheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSSmandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhaspervadedtheirsouls.(意大利導(dǎo)演莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼在她1974年的電影《午夜守門人》中挑戰(zhàn)了這一理論，將其推向了邏輯的極致。她以集中營為背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名黨衛(wèi)軍指揮官之間瘋狂的性關(guān)系，以及多年后，這種心理毒藥是如何滲透到他們的靈魂中的。)”可推知，這部電影是對納粹意識形態(tài)和性禁忌的復(fù)雜而抽象的探索，最好地反映了作者對電影對大屠殺的描繪的觀點。故選B?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“SheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSSmandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhaspervadedtheirsouls.(她以集中營為背景，探索了一名青少年囚犯和一名黨衛(wèi)軍指揮官之間瘋狂的性關(guān)系，以及多年后，這種心理毒藥是如何滲透到他們的靈魂中的。)”以及文章最后一段“HiscarefulworldisupendedwhenLucia(CharlotteRampling),nowmarriedtoanAmericanposer,walksintohishotellobby—theverywomanhesexuallyabusedwhileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheenteredintoasadomasochisticrelationship.(當(dāng)露西婭(夏洛特·蘭普林飾)走進(jìn)他的酒店大廳時，他小心翼翼的世界被顛覆了——露西婭(夏洛特·蘭普林飾)現(xiàn)在嫁給了一位美國作曲家。露西婭正是他在集中營里被他性侵的那個女人，他和她陷入了一種受虐狂和施虐狂的關(guān)系。)”可推知，sadomasochistic意為“一種以痛苦和快樂的交換為特征的動態(tài)關(guān)系”。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Withthefilm’srecentrestorationandrereleases,aswellasrenewedconversationsaroundcinematicdepictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhaverevisitedthefilm(隨著這部電影最近的修復(fù)和重新發(fā)行，以及圍繞大屠殺的電影描述的重新討論，許多人重新審視了這部電影)”可知，那些為這部電影的藝術(shù)價值辯護(hù)的人的主要論點是影片的爭議性引發(fā)了重要的討論。故選B?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“FiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani’sfilmTheNightPorterwasreleasedtowidespreadcriticaldisgust,howhaveviewsofitchanged?(莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的電影《午夜守門人》上映50年后，評論界對它的看法發(fā)生了怎樣的變化？)”和全文描述可知，文章主要介紹了對莉莉安娜·卡瓦尼的電影《午夜守門人》的具有爭議的評價。故選A。CHowcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehertime?Humanshavebeenaskingthisquestionforthousandsofyears,andrecently,it’sbeingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthedifferencesbetweenpeople’sratesofaginglieintheplexinteractionsamonggenes,socialrelationships,environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecaninfluencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnoncodingDNAthatliveattheendsofthechromosomes(染色體).Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegeneticmaterialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehowfastacellages.Whentheybeetooshort,thecellstopsdividingaltogether.Thisisn’ttheonlyreasonacellcanage—thereareotherstressesoncellswedon’tyetunderstandverywell—butshorttelomeresareoneofthemajorreasonshumancellsgrowold.We’vedevotedmostofourcareerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarydiscoveryfromourlabsisthattelomerescanactuallylengthen.Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andoneofthemiscynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighangerandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbetrusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn’tjustthink,“Ihatetostandinlonglines”;theythink,“Othersdeliberatelyspedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline!”—andthengetviolentlyagitated.Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilityhadshortertelomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%morelikelytohaveshorttelomeres.Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientificmunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthemandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofosterhealthycellrenewal.28.Whyaresomelifestylefactorsconsideredextremelyimportant?A.Theymaydeterminehowgenesfunction.B.Theymayshortentheprocessofcelldivision.C.Theymayaffectthelifespanoftelomeres.D.Theymayaccountforthestressesoncells.29.Whathavetheauthorandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredabouttelomeres?A.Theirnumberaffectsthegrowthofcells.B.Theirlengthdeterminesthequalityoflife.C.Theirshorteningprocesscanbereversed.DTheirhealthimpactsthedivisionofcells.30.Whathavescientistslearnedaboutcynicalhostility?A.Itmayleadtoconfrontationalthoughtpatterns.B.Itmaycausepeopletolosetheirtemperfrequently.C.Itmayproduceanadverseeffectontelomeres.D.Itmaystirupagitationamongthoseinlonglines.31.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphabouttheprocessofaging?A.Itmayvaryfromindividualtoindividual.B.Itchallengesscientiststoexplorefurther.C.Itdependsonone’sgeneticcode.D.Itmaybecontrolledtoadegree.【答案】28A29.B30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們衰老速度的差異在于基因、社會關(guān)系、環(huán)境和生活方式之間復(fù)雜的相互作用。一些生活方式因素甚至可能開啟或關(guān)閉基因?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecaninfluencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.(即使你生來就有一組特殊的基因，你的生活方式也會影響它們的表達(dá)方式。一些生活方式因素甚至可能開啟或關(guān)閉基因)”可知，一些生活方式因素可能決定基因的功能，所以被認(rèn)為是極其重要的。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Shortening

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dividing

altogether.

(隨著每次細(xì)胞分裂而縮短，它們有助于確定細(xì)胞衰老的速度。當(dāng)它們變得太短時，細(xì)胞就完全停止分裂)”可知，末端粒的長度直接關(guān)聯(lián)到細(xì)胞的老化速度及終止分裂的時點，從而影響生命質(zhì)量。因此，我們可以推斷出末端粒的長度是決定生命質(zhì)量的一個關(guān)鍵因素。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andoneofthemiscynicalhostility.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)了解到，有幾種思維模式似乎對端粒不健康，其中之一是憤世嫉俗的敵意)”和“Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.(在憤世嫉俗的敵意測試中得分高的人往往更容易患心臟病和代謝疾病，而且往往在更年輕的時候死亡。它們的端粒也更短)”可知，憤世嫉俗的敵意對端粒有不良影響。故選C。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientificmunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthemandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofosterhealthycellrenewal.(這意味著：衰老是一個動態(tài)過程，可以加速或減緩，在某些方面甚至可以逆轉(zhuǎn)。在某種程度上，端粒不只是執(zhí)行你的遺傳密碼發(fā)出的命令，這讓我們和科學(xué)界的其他人感到驚訝。你的端粒在傾聽你的聲音。你吃的食物、你對挑戰(zhàn)的反應(yīng)、你的運動量，以及許多其他因素似乎都會影響你的端粒，并能在細(xì)胞水平上防止過早衰老。享受健康的關(guān)鍵之一就是盡自己的一份力量來促進(jìn)健康的細(xì)胞更新)”可推知，衰老過程可以在一定程度上得到控制。故選D。DInthelatenineteenthcentury,artcriticsregardedseventeenthcenturyDutchpaintingsasdirectreflectionsofreality.Thepaintingswerediscussedasanindexofthedemocracyofasocietythatchosetorepresentitsclass,action,andoccupationsexactlyastheywere,widerangingrealismwasseenasthegreatacplishmentofDutchart.However,theachievementofmorerecentstudyofDutcharthasbeentherecoveryofthefactthatsuchpaintingsaretobetakenassymbolizingmortality,therenaissanceofearthlylife,andthepowerofGod,andasmessagethatrangefromthemildlymoralizingtothefirmlydidactic.Howexplicitandconsistentthesymbolizingprocesswasintendedtobeisamuchthorniermatter,butanyonewhohasmorefamiliaritythanapassingacquaintancewithDutchliteratureorwiththekindsofimagesusedinillustratedbooks(aboveallemblembooks)willknowhowmuchlesspervasivewasthehabitofinvestingordinaryobjectsthanofinvestingsceneswithmeaningthatgobeyondtheirsurfaceandoutwardappearance.Inthemid1960s,EddydeJonghpublishedanextraordinaryarrayofmaterial—especiallyfromtheemblembooksandvernacularliterature—thatconfirmedtheunreliabilityoftakingDutchpicturesatsurfacevaluealone.Themajordifficulty,however,withthefindingsofcriticssuchasdeJonghisthatitisnoteasytoassessthemultiplicityoflevelsinwhichDutchviewersinterpretedthesepictures.DeJongh’sfollowerstypicallyregardthepicturesaspurelysymbolic.NoteveryobjectwithinDutchpaintingsneedbeinterpretedintermsoftheglossgiventoitsequivalentrepresentationintheemblembooks.NoteveryfootwarmeristobeinterpretedintermsofthefootwarmerinRowmerVisscher’sSinnepoppenof1614,noteverybridleisanemblemofrestraint(thoughmanywereindeedjustthat).TomaintainasBrowndoes,thatthetwochildreninNetscher’spaintingALadyTeachingaChildtoReadstandforindustryandidlenessistofailtounderstandthatthepaintinghasavarietyofpossiblemeanings,eventhoughthepictureundoubtedlycarriersunmistakablesymbolicmeanings,too.ModernArthistoriansmaywellfindthediscoveryofparallelsbetweenapaintingandaspecificemblemexciting,theymay,likese