時態(tài)語態(tài)語法

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載第1頁共11頁學習好資料歡迎下載時態(tài)時態(tài)的綜合問題在說或?qū)懸痪湓挄r，通常要選擇一個中心時態(tài)，這個中心時態(tài)影響其它時態(tài)，即時態(tài)要前后一致。以“現(xiàn)在”為中心：若開始敘述或描述著眼于“現(xiàn)在”，則常以“現(xiàn)在”為起點，從而會出現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時連用的情況。Ourpostmanusuallydeliversourarrivalat7everymorning.It(be)nearlylunchtimeandthemailstill(notarrive).I(suppose)themail(come)soon.Perhapshe(be)ill.(is,hasn’tarrived,suppose,willcome,is)以“過去”為中心：若著眼于“過去”，則常以“過去某時”為基點，從而出現(xiàn)一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時和過去完成時連用的情況。Welivedinthestreet.They(build)housesallaroundusthen.We(be)therefor10yearsand(imagine)we(stay)therefortherestofourlives.(werebuilding,hadbeen,imagined,wouldstay)一般現(xiàn)在時1、所有或任何時候都發(fā)生的動作或情況，即重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作Howoftendoesshevisitherparents?Twiceamonth.2、永恒的真理Summerfollowsspring.3、①在條件或時間狀語從句中I’llletyouknowassoonashegetsthere.②討論計劃和時間表或日程表時Weleaveat11:15andarriveat17:50tomorrow.4、固定詞組如Isee（明白）、Ihear（聽說）、Ithink（認為、想）、Ifeel（感覺）以引出已經(jīng)了解的情況Iseethere’ssometroubleinLondon.現(xiàn)在進行時1、說話時正進行的動作或情況Someone’sknockingatthedoor.Canyouanswerit?2、發(fā)展中的或正在改變的情況Theweatherisgettingbetterandbetter.3、任何時候都可能在進行中的事情Idon’tliketobedisturbedifI’mworking.Youlooklovelywhenyou’resmiling.4、表示將來①可用下列詞：go,come,arrive,leave,startHe’sarrivingtomorrowmorning.②通過一個表示將來的的時間狀語Whatareyoudoingthisevening?5、現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時的對比①現(xiàn)在進行時用來談?wù)摃簳r的情況，一般現(xiàn)在時用來表示永久的情況，或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情或習慣He’snotworkingveryhardatthemoment.（目前工作不努力）Hedoesn’tworkveryhard.（通常工作不努力）②講故事、評論事、解說體育運動等用一般現(xiàn)在時來敘述故事中一件又一件的事Harrisonshoots,buttheballhitsthepostandJacksonclear.（哈里森射門，但是球碰倒柱子上，接著杰克遜解了圍）一般將來時1、用will,shall表示①決定：談及正在作出的一項決定時，常用I’llIwill，不能用begoingto,因為它表示事先就已經(jīng)作出的決定Thephone’sringing.I’llanswerit.Cometoaparty.OK.I’llbringmyfriend.②威脅和允諾：第一人稱用will(‘ll)；第二人稱用shallI’llhityouifyoudothatagain.HeshallhaveagiftforChristmas.③提議和請求：用ShallI…?/Shallwe…?表示提議；用Willyou…?表示請求ShallIcarryyourbag?Willyougivemeahand?④Iwill/Wewill表示有強烈意圖、提議、堅持或自愿做某事；不能用shallIwillstopsmokingIreallywill.2、用begoingto表示①已經(jīng)決定要做的事情We’regoingtoFrancenextsummer.②現(xiàn)在肯定講會發(fā)生的事情Lookatthosecloudsit’sgoingtorain.③強烈的決心I’mgoingtokeepaskingheroutuntilshesaysyes.3、用beabouttodosth表示最近的將來，“正要”，“馬上就要”Iamabouttoleavewhenthereisaknockatthedoor.4、用betodosth表示預(yù)定要做的事情TheFrenchPresidentistovisitJapannextweek5、begoingto與will/shall的對比①都可以表示預(yù)言Doyouthinkthecarwillstart/isgoingtostart?②講到條件時（即如果一事發(fā)生，另一事也就發(fā)生），用will/shall對將來進行預(yù)測，不用begoingto，即使條件沒有說出來IfIgiveyoumoneyyou’llonlyspenditondrink.Comeoutforadrink.No,myTVprogram.A.I’mgoingtomissB.I’llmiss6、一般現(xiàn)在時及現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來的情況（見前面）現(xiàn)在完成時開始于過去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作常與下列詞連用for…,since…,recently,lately,sofar,allthisyear,uptillnow,etc.I’veplanted14treessofarthismorning.Howareyoutoday?Oh,IasillasIdonowforalongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.don’tfeelC.wasn’tfeelingD.haven’tfelt2、在過去某個不確定的時間發(fā)生的動作，但與現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系，因為我們所關(guān)心的是“現(xiàn)在”還存在著“過去”發(fā)生某事的結(jié)果，常和下列詞連用：ever（問句或肯定句)，already(肯定句),never(否定句),yet(問句或否定句),beforemyglasses?Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseeneg.1)--Haveyoupassedyourtest?--Yes.--Whendidyoupassit?--(Ipassedit)Lastweek.2)—Haveyoupassedyourtest?--Notyet.--Whenwillyoupassit?--Nextweek.對比：Haveyouseenthisfilm?（曾經(jīng)經(jīng)過）Didyouseethisfilm?（某特定時間）3、可表示反復(fù)性或習慣性，常與often,threetimes等詞連用I’vewatchedhimonTVseveraltimes.4、終止性動詞可用完成時，但不能和for,howlong等時間詞連用，常用替換詞ThisfilmhasbegunHowlonghasthisfilmbeenon?Begin/borrow/come/die/join/buy/leavebeon/keep/behere/bedead/bein/have/beaway5、其它和現(xiàn)在完成時連用的詞:just,in(within)thepast(last)+時間段；對比Hehasjustfallendownstairs.Hefelldownstairsjustnow.6、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)①Thisisthefirst(most/only)+n.+that-clauseThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.②It’s+時間段+since-clause(從句用過去時）It’stwoyearssincehedied.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Hediedtwoyearsago.7、現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作延續(xù)到未來或仍在進行.I’vewrittenanarticle.（已完成）I’vebeenwritinganarticle.（還在寫）一般過去時1、過去已經(jīng)完成的動作、結(jié)束的事情，或在過去重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作WhenIwasachildwealwayswenttotheseasideinAugust.2、usedto:表示過去的習慣，現(xiàn)在不存在Iusedtosmoke,butIdon’tanymore.3、用在it’stime,wouldrather,wish后面的從句中It’stimeyouwenthome.IwishIhadabettermemory.I’dratheryoucametomorrow.4、在從句中用來說明現(xiàn)在還存在著“過去”的情況I’msorryweleftParis.Itwassuchaniceplace.5、could,might,would,should等“過去”的情態(tài)動詞可用來指現(xiàn)在或者將來Couldyouhelpmeforamoment?Ithinkitmightrainsoon.Wouldyoucomethisway,please?Aliceshouldbeheresoon.6、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時在時間上的比較①現(xiàn)在完成用的時間詞:since,eversince,for…,recently,lately,sofar,yet,allthisyear,allmylife,ever,never,already,before,just,in/duringthelast/past+時間段,etc.②一般過去時所用的時間詞yesterday,lastweek,in1999,when,yearsago,then,justnow,etc.過去進行時1、過去某時正發(fā)生的事情Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayatsevenp.m.?2、在一個句子里，過去進行時常與一般過去時連用，此時，進行時表示較長的正在進行的動作，而一般時表示較短暫的動作或事情ThephonerangwhileIwashavingmybath.Whenshearrived,IwastelephoningHarry.Whenshearrived,ItelephonedHarry.(到后做)ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravelingtowestwhenhesawit.3、可用while強調(diào)同時進行的兩種或幾種動作WhileIwasworkinginthegarden,mywifewascookingdinner.過去將來時１、從過去的觀點來看未來，常用在賓語從句中或間接引語中Lastweekhe(promise)that(come)today,buthe(notarrive)yet.(promised/wouldcome/hasn’tarrived)2、過去將來時的其它主要形式was/weregoingtowas/wereabouttoWewerejustgoingto(aboutto)leavewhenTomfellandhurthisankle.過去完成時１、過去發(fā)生的兩個動作，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時WiththeirhelpIrealizedthatIhadbeenwrong.2、過去某時以前發(fā)生的動作或情況Hehasn’tfinishedyet.Hedidn’tfinishyesterdayevening.Hehadn’tfinishedbyyesterdayevening.3、常用過去完成時的情況①Nosooner…than….Hardly…when…Nosoonerhadhebegunhisspeechthanhewasinterrupted②expect,hope,think,want,suppose等動詞過去完成（或一般時)表示想做而未做的事Ihadplannedtosendhimatelegram,butIdidn’tmanageit.4、使用過去完成時的必要性和非必要性①句意十分清楚時，可用一般時AfterIfinished,Iwenthome.②常用一般過去時表示依次發(fā)生的動作Igotoutofthetaxi,paidthefare（車費)andmanagedit.③有時必須明確，特別是含when時WhenIarrived,Annleft.(同時見到）（見到Ann)WhenIarrived,Annhadleft.（先后發(fā)生）（沒見到）5、常用過去完成時的時間主狀語bytheendof+過去時間by+過去時間bythetime+過去時間過去時間+before比較：Bythetimehewas11,hehadlearned3000words.Bythetimeheis11,hewillhavelearned3000words.Bythetimelastweek,Ihadlearned3000words.Bythetimenextweek,Iwillhavelearned3000words語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的句型1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）例如：HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分例如：Theboygotdrownedlastsummer./Shegotfiredbecauseofherfaults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動者”帶有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。如：Shelentmeabike.被動：1）Iwaslentabike(byher).2）Abikewaslenttome(byher).4.情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞例如：Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分如Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.=Themurdererwasorderedtobeshot.主動表示被動的幾種情況1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep,tear等。例如：Thisknifecutswell.這把刀好切。Thesebookssellwell.這些書好賣。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Theclothwasheswell.這種布好洗。Meatwon’tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。例如：Theapplestastegood./Theflowersmellswonderful./Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue./Cottonfeelssoft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：Hisanswer(was)provedright.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。常見：hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如Theproblemiseasytodo./ThequestionisdifficulttoanswerTheboxisheavytocarry./Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比較：Theproblemistobedone./Thequestionistobeanswered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動式。容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：1.IteachmyselfFrench.不可變?yōu)镸yselfistaughtFrench.因為反身代詞不可作主語。2.Wehelpeachother/oneanother.不可變?yōu)镋achother/Oneanotherishelpedbyus.因為相互代詞不可作主語。3.Helostheart.不可變?yōu)镠eartwaslostbyhim.因為象loseheart,makeaface,keepsilence,loseinthought這類動賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。4.Shetookpartinthesportsmeet.不變?yōu)門hesportsmeetwastakenpartinbyher.因為象takepartin,belongto,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)考點分析1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此題答案為D。2.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用過去時，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。3．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.havebeentakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupB.havetakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupC.havetakenplace…h(huán)avesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace（發(fā)生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited析：首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。因D項少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項＝whowereinvited,C項＝whowerebeinginvited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。5.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit’s______tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.issaid…”可定答案為A。又如：Heissaidtobeacleverboy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.A.hasbrokeninto…h(huán)asbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto…h(huán)adbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto…stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto…stolen析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。此題答案為B。8.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept…willhavetoB.arenotkept…h(huán)avetoC.donotkeep…willhavetoD.donotkeep…h(huán)aveto析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句應(yīng)為一般將來時，故答案為A。9.TheOlympicGames,____in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in776BC這一過去時間，只有C，firstplayed(＝whichwasfirstplayed)才合用。故答案為C。10.Thissentenceneeds______.A.aimprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或tobedone表“需要被…”意。如：Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”，例如：Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasn’tpossible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合，故答案C。12.——______thenote______toMrSmith?——No,Itisstillinmypocket.A.Is…beinggivenB.Was…givenC.Has…beengivenD.Hasn’t…beengiven析：問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.Itisstillinmypocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。13.Weheardit______thathehadgonetoNewYork.A.sayB.saidC.tosayD.besaid析：Itwassaidthat…可以改為Wehearditsaidthat…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。EXERCISES11.--Nancyisnotcomingtonight.--Butshe!A.promisedB.promisesC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Theythetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.A.sawB.watchedC.noticedD.observed3.itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave4.ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.WroteC.waswritingD.hadwritten5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.paidC.payingD.topay6.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.hadbeenworking1—6(ABDCBB)C.wasworkingD.hadworked7.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.WatchB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Mind8.Hundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose9.--Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.--Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintedD.havepainted10.--Isthisraincoatyours?--No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.hangsB.hashungC.ishangingD.hung11.--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.7-12(ABCCCD)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did12.--WhoisJerryCooper?--?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyet13.Visitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.A.requestB.arerequestedC.willrequestD.arerequesting14.–You’veleftthelighton.--Oh,soIhave,andturnitoff.A.I’mgoingB.I’llgoC.IgoD.I’vegone15.--DoyouthinktheSTARSwillbeattheBULLS?--Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soIthemtowin.A.hopeB.expectC.preferD.want16.–Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!–Oh,I’mterriblysorry..A.I’mnotnoticingB.Ihaven’tnoticedC.Iwasn’tnoticingD.Idon’tnotice17.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.Imymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetake18.Theprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.13-18(BBBCAC)A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown19.Booksofthiskindwell.A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold20.--Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?--ItobutIforgotaboutit.A.likedB.wishedC.meantD.expected21.Anewcinemahere.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt22.Haveagoodrest,youneedtoyourenergyforthetennismatchthisafternoon.A.leaveB.saveC.holdD.get23.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoontohisoldway.A.returnedB.willreturnC.wasreturning24.--You‘redrinkingtoomuch.--Onlyathome.Noonemebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseeC.seesD.saw19-24(ACDBAC)25.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotfrommyfriends.A.lostB.sparedC.separatedD.missed26.Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.A.ServesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports27.Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.CompleteC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted28Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange29.Iping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play30.Thenewsuspensionbridgebytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned25-30(CBDADB)31.TimewillwhetherImadetherightchoiceornot.A.seeB.sayC.knowD.tell32.Therubberplantationasfarastheriver.A.advancesB.extendsC.liesD.develops33.Hecametomyclasseveryweek,buthisattitudehewasnotJreallyinterestedinthesubject.A.expressedB.describedC.explainedD.suggested34.E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play35.MothertoldJimtothemilkuntilitboiledandthenturnoffthegas.A.observeB.watchC.noticeD.glance31-36(DBDABD)36.Themanagerhastoimprovetheworkingconditionsinthecompany.A.acceptedB.allowedC.permittedD.agreed37.Insomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served38.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;heintospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared39.--CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?--Youcanwhenyouabitolder.A.getB.willhavegotC.willgetD.willhavegot40.Idon’treallyworkhere,Iuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout41.--CanIhelpyou,sir?--Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit.A.didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork42.A