人教新課標(biāo)版高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之定語從句的講解及練習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等。一.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.2）whose用來指人或物，（只用作定語,若指物，它還可以同ofwhichthe+n.或the+n+ofwhich互換）。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover（ofwhichthecover/thecoverofwhich）isgreen.

3）which,that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.

二.關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于\"介詞+which\"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和\"介詞+which\"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?

三.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Ivisitedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedays________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.I’llneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.

例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語）。四．限制性和非限制性定語從句

1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.

說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。五．介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的\"介詞+關(guān)系詞\"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。例如;Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedintwoyearsago.Thisisthehousein__________Ilivedtwoyearsago.

Thisisthehouse____________Ilivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayon__________youjoinedourclub?

Doyouremembertheday__________youjoinedourclub?六.as的用法:(as引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.比較：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句）②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點(diǎn)"。（動(dòng)詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）,which在句中。例如：

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.（1）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。

典型例題

1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

3)________weallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,________weallknow.=Smoking,_________weallknow,isharmfultoone'health.=_________isknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語）=_________isknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=_________isknowntoallisthatsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.七．幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:1.在定語從句中，which和that在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that,而不宜用which的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,②先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。比較Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat_________publishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthat_________publishedlastyear.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)。⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如：⑥如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。⑦被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.⑧疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。⑨主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.2.定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況:a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

b）介詞后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.3.who和that指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who,而不宜用that①先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時(shí).如：Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.②在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時(shí).如：ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)則宜用who,以免重復(fù).如：Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.訓(xùn)練題匯總EX1.用定語從句完成下列句子。1．Thisisthemostbeautifulforest_______________________(我所見過的).2．DouPoTang(陡坡塘)Waterfall,______(位于貴州省的),is105meterswideand21metershigh.EX2用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空.1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.3.Iliketheway____________Ilearnedfromthebook.Iliketheway____________hespoketome.4.ItwasonOctober1,1949________thePRCwasfounded.ItwasOctober1,1949________thePRCwasfounded.5.Thereason____hegavewas____hegotuplate.Thereason_____hewaslatewas______hegotuplate.6.Weoftenhaveacase_______wecan’texpressourselveswell.Ihavereachedapoint_______Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Ex3選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語從句和單句的比較。1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.EX4思考:用五種方式（定語從句）翻譯句子這是他工作的工廠。EX5思考:介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況Themanwhomyouspoke_________wasascientist.Thecity__________shelivesinisfaraway.下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.(含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。)結(jié)論：介詞+關(guān)系代詞介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞習(xí)慣搭配方法二:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替。Ex6:介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用1.Doyoulikethebook______________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_______________shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_______________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook________________sheoftentalks?5.Hedugahole_______________hecouldgotwaterfromthelake.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,__________________standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatswimming.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there7.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked8.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked9.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich10.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that11.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom12.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose13.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid. A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which14.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as15.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as16.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what17.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim18.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels19.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what20.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who21.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who22.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat235.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what24.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it25.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when26.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./27.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter28.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what29.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who30.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich31.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich32.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which33.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it34.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich35.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as36.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.w