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高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法填空專題應(yīng)對(duì)策略專題02非謂語動(dòng)詞目錄一命題規(guī)律動(dòng)詞不定式的功能、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)的用法區(qū)別、動(dòng)名詞等非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的綜合考查二備考策略牢記非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式,非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語,“be+過去分詞+介詞”,非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。三基本知識(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法四真題訓(xùn)練近五年新高考非謂語動(dòng)詞專題訓(xùn)練五思路點(diǎn)撥1.分析非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系2.掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)3.牢記后跟非謂語動(dòng)詞的特定動(dòng)詞六考點(diǎn)歸納當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,空格前又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞要填非謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí),就要根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法確定用其具體形式(doing,done,todo)。七考點(diǎn)練透再次鞏固所掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)體系并能靈活應(yīng)用命題規(guī)律:動(dòng)詞不定式的功能、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)的用法區(qū)別、動(dòng)名詞等的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的綜合考查備考策略:1.牢記非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式:doing現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;done過去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成;todo表目的、將來2.如果出現(xiàn)“謂語動(dòng)詞,句子”或者“句子,謂語動(dòng)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu),一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語,你只需要判斷括號(hào)里V詞與主句主語之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng),還是表目的。3.“be+過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),如beabsorbed/dressed/trapped/occupiedin,beequipped/loaded/burdenedwith,beaccustomed/devoted/committed/addictedtodoing,做非謂語動(dòng)詞去掉be即可。4.不定式作結(jié)果狀語,多用于too…to,enoughtodo,onlytodo,so…asto,suchasto等結(jié)構(gòu)。5.不定式用于be+adj+todo6.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是??键c(diǎn)7.做賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況常見動(dòng)詞have、hear、notice、find、see8.非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的情況基本知識(shí):非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法(一)填非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)要填不定式todo的情況:1.主語:Itis/was+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.賓語(1)有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語:決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine,
learn,
want,
expect/hope/wish;
refuse,
manage,
care,
pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃,同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫offer,
promise,
choose,
plan;
agree,
ask/beg,
help(2)find/think/believe/consider/make/feel+it+adj./n.+todosth.3.表語:不定式作表語多表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作(aim,dream,plan,purpose等后)4.定語:(1)不定式作定語表示將來的動(dòng)作;(2)不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或only,next等修飾的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系;(3)下列名詞或代詞,常用不定式作定語。ability,chance,opportunity,plan,attempt,way,something,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise等。5.狀語:(1)作目的狀語。表示“為了”,可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性,不定式前也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能置于句首。(2)作結(jié)果狀語。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示令人意外的結(jié)果,有時(shí)前面加only,以加強(qiáng)語氣。onlytodo表示意想不到的結(jié)果enoughtodo 足夠做……too...todo 太……而不能……so/such...asto... 如此……以至于……作原因狀語。表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞作表語時(shí),后可接不定式作原因狀語,用以說明產(chǎn)生這種心理活動(dòng)或情緒的原因,常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。6.賓語補(bǔ)足語:(1)在很多動(dòng)詞后都可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。(2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語)接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:一感(feel),二聽(hear,listento),三使(let,have,make),五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),半幫助(help),但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)需加to。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法形式意義主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生to
doto
be
done進(jìn)行式在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行to
be
doing—完成式在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生to
have
doneto
have
been
done(二)填非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)要填動(dòng)名詞v-ing的情況:1.主語:單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用三單形式;Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.2.表語:動(dòng)名詞作表語表示通常的情況,多指抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作:3.定語:動(dòng)名詞可置于名詞前作定語,表示被修飾的名詞的用途、性能或目的。4.賓語:(1)介詞+v-ing(注意to為介詞的情況);(2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語:考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒得想consider,
suggest/advise,
look
forward
to,
excuse/pardon;
admit,delay/put
off,
fancy避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid,
miss,
keep/keep
on,
practice;
deny,
finish,
enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn),不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡forbid,
imagine,
risk;
can't
help
(禁不住),
mind,
allow/permit,
escape(3)既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,也可以接不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別:forget,remember,regret,mean,try,stop,goon(三)填非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)要填分詞的情況:1.狀語:分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語是句子的主語,一般在句中作時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件、伴隨、讓步等狀語。2.表語:表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的形容詞,意為“令人……的”;動(dòng)詞-ed形式的形容詞,意為“(人)感到……的”,也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名詞。Onhearingtheexcitingnews,sheshoutedinanexcitedvoice.現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行Today
there
are
more
airplanes
carrying
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
sky.當(dāng)今,空中更多的飛機(jī)運(yùn)載著比以往更多的人。過去分詞(done)表示被動(dòng)、完成The
bridge
built
in
2012
was
designed
by
a
local
company.2012年建造的這座橋是由當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患夜驹O(shè)計(jì)的。3.定語4.賓語補(bǔ)足語:(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行常用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞語有feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set,listen
to,look
at等。Sometimes
she
would
listen
to
him
playing
the
saxophone.(2)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動(dòng)、完成常用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。Iwillhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法形式意義主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生doingbeing
done完成式先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作完成having
donehaving
been
done總結(jié):提示詞為動(dòng)詞考非謂語動(dòng)詞的策略1.分析非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系(1)若非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系,且正在進(jìn)行,要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing);(2)若非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且表完成,要想到用過去分詞形式(done);(3)若非謂語動(dòng)詞表將來的動(dòng)作,或作目的狀語,或跟在表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞后表示原因或意料之外的結(jié)果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It's+形容詞+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.(2)It'snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;(3)find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.;3.牢記后跟非謂語動(dòng)詞的特定動(dòng)詞(1)牢記用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞;(2)牢記用動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞。(3)既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,也可以接不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別:forget,remember,regret,mean,try,stop,goon非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示動(dòng)作主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行,若表示”正在被……”,則用beingdone.2.過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng),完成。3.當(dāng)名詞被形容詞最高級(jí),序數(shù)詞(thefirst,thelast等)修飾時(shí),用todo作定語4.抽象名詞ability,plan,chance,promise,wishopportunity,responsibility等后常用ability,plan,chance,promise,wishopportunity,responsibility作后置定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1.常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,ask,invite,expect.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓補(bǔ),在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中要省略不定式的符號(hào)to,但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to要還原。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),表主動(dòng),進(jìn)行。常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,但注意,have/leavesbdoingsth譯為“讓賓語一直做……”。3.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),被動(dòng),完成4.with+O+OC todo將來,目的doing進(jìn)行,主動(dòng)done完成,被動(dòng)非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1.分詞作狀語,要與主句保持邏輯主語一致2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,可以表伴隨原因,時(shí)間或條件,表示意料之中的結(jié)果,用doing,若表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前,則用havingdone.3.過去分詞作狀語,過去分詞與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系4.不定式作狀語可以表目的,onlytodo表示意料之外的結(jié)果,形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí),后接todo作狀語常見的形容詞有:happy,lucky,anxious,proud,disappointed,surprised,delighted,foolish,pleased,fortunate等,主系表+todo,用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)真題訓(xùn)練1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·57)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____57____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),58(or)toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.【解析】結(jié)合句意可知,此處表達(dá)“決定是否做某事”,需用whethertodosth,故填tobite。句意:如果要吃,你必須決定先在餃子上咬一個(gè)小洞,釋放湯汁,但有可能會(huì)溢出,或者將整個(gè)餃子放入口中,讓熱湯在舌尖爆炸。2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·59)Shanghaimaybethe____59____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao’sbirthplace..recognized【解析】因home和非謂語動(dòng)詞recognize之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示“上??赡苁潜徽J(rèn)可的湯包的家鄉(xiāng)”,故填shared。3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·61)Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____61____(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62(their)contents.【解析】設(shè)空處考固定搭配allowsbtodosth,todosth作賓語補(bǔ)足語,而且是被動(dòng)的,故填tobelifted。句意:除了南翔,最好的小籠包應(yīng)該有一層薄餃子皮,可以使它們從蒸鍋中被提起并且不會(huì)破裂或泄漏內(nèi)容。4.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·65)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris64(rarely)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft______65______(want)morenexttime.【解析】因soIamalwaysleft______65______(want)morenexttime.句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞amalwaysleft,want應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因I和want之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語句意:無論我在哪里買,一蒸就夠了,兩蒸就就顯得太貪心了,所以我下次總是想要更多。5.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·60)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto60__________(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞,設(shè)空處作定語修飾Chinesezookeepers,且為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填visiting。6.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·56)___________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.【解析】因句中已有謂語willbe,故cover應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因cover和其邏輯主語theGPNP為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用v.-ing形式作狀語,首字母大寫,故填Covering。7.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·59)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority_____________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.【解析】設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語動(dòng)詞,作目的狀語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的不定式,故填toincrease。句意:該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量區(qū)域,將眾多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理混亂。8.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·56)Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe_________(fall)child.【解析】因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞holdout,fall應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因child和fall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的含義,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,故填falling。9.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·59)Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony(陽臺(tái)),andclimbedup________(see)them.【解析】因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞climbup,see應(yīng)作為謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知,他爬到陽臺(tái)是為了看他們(外面玩鬧的孩子們),故用不定式作目的狀語,故填tosee。10.(2022年全國甲卷·61)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.【解析】因step為抽象名詞且前面有序數(shù)詞修飾,故用不定式作后置定語,故填tojourney。11.(2022年全國甲卷·63)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation______(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.【解析】因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞decided,故hold應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因hold與InternationalCooperation之間在邏輯上為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置定語,故填held。12.(2022年全國乙卷·66)Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind.【解析】因future和非謂語動(dòng)詞share之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作定語,表示“共享的”,故填shared。13.(2022年全國乙卷·68)______________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.【解析】結(jié)合句意可知,此處表達(dá)“為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系”,需用不定式作目的狀語,位于句首,首字母應(yīng)大寫,故填Tostrengthen。14.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·60)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____________(astonish).【解析】此處為“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“感到驚訝的”用astonished。15.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·63)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_____________(ache)legs.【解析】修飾名詞legs作定語,用aching或achy,表示“疼痛的”,故填aching或achy。16.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·57)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,___________(think)itisfood.【解析】因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞was,故think應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因think與其邏輯主語manyseaanimals之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,故填thinking。17.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·58)Idecidedtodosomething___________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.【解析】句意:我決定做一些事情來教育人們這個(gè)問題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用作目的狀語,故用不定式。當(dāng)然,此處也可以理解為不定式短語作后置定語,修飾something,故填toeducate。18.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·62)Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.【解析】在系動(dòng)詞was后作表語用形容詞,修飾人,用-ed形式的形容詞,故填excited。19.(2021年全國甲卷·43)Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【解析】因itispossibletodosth為固定搭配,意為“做某事是可能的”,故填towalk。20.(2021年全國甲卷·44)After___________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeaction…【解析】在介詞after后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,故填spending。21.(2021年全國乙卷·61)It(Ecotourism)isdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome____________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics…【解析】在系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,表示“受過……教育(或訓(xùn)練)的”,故填educated。22.(2021年全國乙卷·70)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim__________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【解析】因aimtodosth為固定搭配,意為“旨在做某事”,故填tohave。23.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·63)Theyrepresenttheearth_________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞represent,故come作為非謂語動(dòng)詞;又因此處為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與bestwishes并列作represent的賓語,其邏輯主語theearth與come在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即coming。24.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·68)Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.【解析】此處為“主語+be+adj.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),故填tocare。25.(2020年全國Ⅲ卷·69)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.【解析】作動(dòng)詞saw的賓語補(bǔ)足語,因clouds和surround在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系,故用surrounding。且前文的rising也有提示。26.(2019年全國Ⅲ卷·62)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake_______(get)there.【解析】此處為ittakes/took+時(shí)間+todosth固定句型,表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。其中,it作形式主語,動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語,故填toget。27.(2019年全國Ⅲ卷·70)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm,__________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【解析】句中已有謂語invite,故listen應(yīng)作為非謂語動(dòng)詞;又由we與listen在邏輯上存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語,同時(shí)與meeting構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,故填listening。28.(2018年全國Ⅱ卷·70)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile_________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.【解析】因feed與其邏輯主語China之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),故填feeding。29.(2018年全國Ⅲ卷·64)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.【解析】因avoid后習(xí)慣上用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,即avoiddoingsth,意為“避免做某事”,故填looking。30.(2018年全國Ⅲ卷·70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme_______(stay)andwatch.【解析】因allowsbtodosth為固定搭配,意為“允許某人做某事”,故填tostay。思路點(diǎn)撥:當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,空格前又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞要填非謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí),就要根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法確定用其具體形式(doing,done,todo)。考點(diǎn)歸納:作主語作主語通常用動(dòng)名詞(一般情況)或不定式形式(具體情況)。如:①__________(smoke)maycausecancer,soyoushouldgiveitup.【解析】在謂語maycause前面一定是作主語,“吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥”是一般情況,故填Smoking,注意句首第一個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。②Itisclearthat_________(finish)thistaskwilltakealongtime.【解析】完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是一次具體的情況,故用不定式,填tofinish。(2)用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語的特殊句型。此外,還需熟記下列固定句式:①Itisnecessaryforustobeconstantlyremindedofourshortcomings.經(jīng)常有人提醒我們自身的缺點(diǎn)是有必要的。②It’sverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.你真好,告訴我真相。③It’snousequarrellingaboutit.Weareallinthesameboat.為此事爭(zhēng)吵是沒有用的。我們處境相同。2.作賓語(1)在介詞后作賓語一般只用動(dòng)名詞。常考的有以下7個(gè),請(qǐng)牢記:①beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事②beaccustomedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事③bedevotedtodoingsth致力于做某事④devoteoneselftodoingsth致力于做某事⑤lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事⑥objecttodoingsth反對(duì)做某事⑦beaddictedtodoingsth沉迷于做某事;專心致志于做某事(2)只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞或短語。(3)只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或短語。(4)接不定式與接動(dòng)名詞意思有差別的動(dòng)詞或短語也必須掌握。請(qǐng)用規(guī)范工整的英語完成搭配后,熟讀牢記:漢語意思英文搭配1記得去做某事.rememberdoing
sth記得做過某事.rememberto
do
sth2忘記去做某事
.forgetto
do
sth忘記做過某事
.forgetdoing
sth3遺憾做某事.regretto
do
sth后悔做過某事.regretdoing
sth4盡力做某事.tryto
do
sth嘗試做某事.trydoing
sth5有意/故意去做某事.meanto
do
sth意味著做某事.meandoing
sth6停下來去做某事.stopto
do
sth停止做某事.stopdoing
sth7接著做另一事.goonto
do
sth繼續(xù)做同一事.goondoing
sth8需要做某事.need/requireto
do
sth某事需要被做.need/requiredoing
sth9想做某事.wantto
do
sth某事需要被做.wantdoing
sth3.作定語單個(gè)分詞作定語,如表示正在進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在分詞,如表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作則用過去分詞。如分詞短語作定語,要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞,是被動(dòng)關(guān)系就用過去分詞。若是表示未來的情況(發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后)或表示“有……要……”用動(dòng)詞不定式,在最高級(jí)或“序數(shù)詞(+名詞)”后或在plan,ability,chance,way等抽象名詞后作定語也要用不定式。又如:①Theconference________(take)placenextmonthisboundtobeagreatsuccess.【解析】由nextmonth可知表示未來,故用不定式作定語,填totake。②Jack,ahard-workingstudent,isalwaysthefirst_________(come)toschoolandthelasttoleave.【解析】序數(shù)詞后用不定式作定語,故填tocome。③Happinessistheability__________(make)themostofwhatwehave.【解析】在抽象名詞ability后,表示“做某事的能力”,用不定式作定語,故填tomake。作狀語在形容詞后作狀語用不定式。(2)作目的狀語也只能用不定式。(3)作伴隨狀語、原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))或過去分詞(被動(dòng))。如:①__________(satisfy)withwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.【解析】因satisfy(使……滿意)與theteacher在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即theteacher與satisfy是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作狀語,表示原因,填Satisfied。句意:因?yàn)槔蠋煂?duì)他所做的事情很滿意,所以在班上表揚(yáng)了他。②_________(hear)thathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.【解析】因LiLei與hear在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,即LiLei與hear是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,填Hearing。句意:當(dāng)李雷聽到母親生病的消息后,馬上趕回了家。作補(bǔ)語(1)要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))或過去分詞(被動(dòng))。如:Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.【解析】因aman與sit是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),填sitting。也可由固定句式noticesbdoing/dosth(注意到某人在做/做了某事)而知,也可填sit。這類句型還有:這類句型還有:△see/watch/observe/hearsbdoingsth看見/觀看/觀察到/聽到某人正在做某事△see/watch/observe/hearsbdosth看見/觀看/觀察到/聽到某人做某事(全過程)△find/feel/catchsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)/感覺/撞見某人正在做某事△let/make/havesbdosth讓/使某人做某事△havesbdoingsth讓某人一直做某事△havesb/sthdone讓別人做某事用不定式作主補(bǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的固定搭配很多,也常考。如[真題再練]第25題。用省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。如have(使),let(讓),make(使)等使役動(dòng)詞和see,hear等感官動(dòng)詞。但變被動(dòng)時(shí),省略的to要補(bǔ)回來,如:makesbdosth的被動(dòng)式為sbbemadetodosth。6.情感類動(dòng)詞的分詞形容詞作形容詞用的情感類-ing分詞(令人……的)與-ed分詞(感到……的)的差別。動(dòng)詞原形中文意思1及物動(dòng)詞surprise使驚訝現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)surprising令人驚訝的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)surprised感到驚訝的2及物動(dòng)詞astonish使驚訝現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)astonishing令人驚訝的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)astonished感到驚訝的3及物動(dòng)詞.shock使震驚現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)shocking令人震驚的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)shocked感到震驚的4及物動(dòng)詞amaze使驚異現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)amazing令人驚異的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)amazed感到驚異的5及物動(dòng)詞terrify使恐懼現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)terrifying令人恐懼的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)terrified感到恐懼的6及物動(dòng)詞frighten使恐懼現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)frightening令人恐懼的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)frightened感到恐懼的7及物動(dòng)詞threaten恐嚇;威脅現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)threatening威脅的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)threatened受到威脅的8及物動(dòng)詞worry使擔(dān)憂現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)worrying令人擔(dān)憂的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)worried感到擔(dān)憂的9及物動(dòng)詞please使愉快現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)pleasing令人愉快的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)pleased感到愉快的10及物動(dòng)詞excite使興奮現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)exciting令人興奮的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)excited感興奮到的11及物動(dòng)詞satisfy使?jié)M意現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)satisfying令人滿意的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)satisfied感到滿意的12及物動(dòng)詞interest使感興趣現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)interesting有趣的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)interested感興趣的13及物動(dòng)詞move使感動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)moving令人感動(dòng)的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)moved受感動(dòng)的14及物動(dòng)詞touch感動(dòng)(某人)現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)touching感人的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)touched受感動(dòng)的15及物動(dòng)詞inspire鼓舞(某人)現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)inspiring鼓舞人的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)inspired受鼓舞的16及物動(dòng)詞encourage鼓勵(lì)(某人)現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)encouraging令人鼓舞的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)encouraged鼓舞的17及物動(dòng)詞relax使輕松現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)relaxing令人輕松的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)relaxed感到輕松的18及物動(dòng)詞convince使確信現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)convincing令人信服的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)convinced確信的19及物動(dòng)詞bore使厭煩現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)boring枯燥乏味的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)bored感到無聊的20及物動(dòng)詞tire使疲倦現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)tiring令人疲倦的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)tired感到疲倦的21及物動(dòng)詞disappoint使失望現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)disappointing令人失望的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)disappointed感到失望的22及物動(dòng)詞confuse使迷惑現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)confusing令人迷惑的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)confused感到迷惑的23及物動(dòng)詞puzzle使困惑現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)puzzling令人困惑的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)puzzled感到困惑的24及物動(dòng)詞annoy使不悅現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)annoying令人生氣的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)annoyed生氣的25及物動(dòng)詞discourage使氣餒現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞(常形容事、物)discouraging使人泄氣的過去分詞形容詞(常形容人)discouraged氣餒的7.固定句式中的非謂語動(dòng)詞1中文意思英文搭配2感謝某人做了某事thanksbfordoingsth3表揚(yáng)某人做了某事praisesbfordoingsth4責(zé)備某人做了某事scoldsbfordoingsth5責(zé)罵某人做了某事blamesbfordoingsth6處罰某人做了某事punishsbfordoingsth7原諒某人做了某事excuse/forgivesbfordoingsth8最好做某事hadbetterdosth9何不做某事呢?Whynotdosth?10……怎么樣?How/Whataboutdoingsth?11一般說來generallyspeaking12根據(jù)……來看judgingfrom13更糟糕的是tomakematters/thingsworse14阻止某人做某事prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth/keepsbfromdoingsth15禁止某人做某事ban/forbidsbfromdoingsth16在做某事方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間spendtime(in)doingsth17在做某事方面浪費(fèi)時(shí)間wastetime(in)doingsth18在做某事方面有困難havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth8.其他:作形容詞的特殊分詞有g(shù)one(離去的,已去的,丟失的);lost(迷失的,丟失的);missing(不見的)等。作介詞用的有concerning(關(guān)于),regarding(關(guān)于),respecting(關(guān)于,鑒于),including(包括),given(考慮到)等。作介詞或連詞的有considering(考慮到,就……而論)。考點(diǎn)練透在下列各句空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式,并說明理由。1.Youmayalsofinditdifficult________(get)tosleepifyouhaveaproblemorsomethingelseonyourmind.【解析】根據(jù)句型findit+adj.+todosth判斷填不定式,故填toget,it為形式賓語,togettosleep為真正的賓語,故填toget。2.Butwhenhebegantowalk,theotherboyimitatedhim.WooSingstopped_________(think)aboutthesestrangeactions,sayingtohimself,“Thisboyisfoolingme.HedoeseverythingthatIdo.”【解析】不定式tothink作賓語,表示停止走路去思考一下這些奇怪的行為,故填tothink。3.“Nothingdoing.Rightnowitistime________(have)fun,”thesillygrasshopperreplied.【解析】因Itistime(forsb)todosth是固定句式,意為“到了(某人)該做某事的時(shí)間了”,故填tohave。4.Weshouldmakeeveryeffort_______________(prevent)violencehappeningatschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonalsafetycouldnotbeguaranteed.【解析】句意:我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一切努力來阻止校園暴力的發(fā)生,因?yàn)槿绻松戆踩貌坏奖WC,會(huì)有越來越多的學(xué)生輟學(xué)。makeeveryefforttodosth為固定搭配,故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,故填toprevent。5.Assoonaswewerealoneshebegantotalktomeabouthowimportantitwas_________(stand)onyourowntwofeetandberesponsibleforyourownacts.【解析】這是itisimportanttodosth句型,it作形式主語,動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語,故填tostand。6.Youmightfeeldizzyandnervous,butthetopisalwaystherewaitingforyouaslongasyouarestrongenough________(take)onemorestep.【解析】在形容詞(strong)后面作狀語,要用動(dòng)詞不定式,即totake。句意為:你可能會(huì)感到頭暈和緊張,但山頂就在那里等著你,只要你足夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)去向前再邁一步,故填totake。7.TheOlympicsareexpected__________(attract)tensofthousandsofpeople.【解析】由expectsbtodosth可知用不定式短語作補(bǔ)語。因beexpected后面只能接動(dòng)詞不定式todo,結(jié)合上下文句意需要用toattract,故填toattract。8.Theydesignedandbuiltarobot…Thestudentsmadetherobot___________(answer)achallengefromtheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.【解析】不定式作目的狀語,故用toanswer。9.Contestsaregenerallylimitedto15minutes_________(avoid)puttingtoomuchpressureonthebody.【解析】活動(dòng)限定在15分鐘之內(nèi)以避免吃得太多對(duì)身體造成傷害??仗幈硎灸康?,用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填toavoid。10.Ittookrescuersanothertwohours____________(discover)Nancy.【解析】固定句型Ittakessbsometimetodosth,不定式todiscover作真正主語,故填todiscover。11.Sixdaysofspringrainhadcreatedawildriver_________(run)byNancyBrown’sfarm.【解析】因awildriver和run之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,故填running。12.Youmayhavetrouble_________(sleep)ifyouhaveaheavymealjustbeforeyougotobed.【解析】句型havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有困難,故填sleeping。13.Wecanstartthehabitby_________(write)learningsummariesandremembertorecordsomethingimpressiveandmeaningful.【解析】因by是介詞,后面加動(dòng)名詞,故填writing。14.GraduallyIfoundmyselfback,__________(deliver)myspeechwithdifficulty.【解析】因deliver與謂語found之間沒有連詞,故為非謂語動(dòng)詞,且deliver與句子主語I在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,故填delivering。15.__________(Realize)itwasourlasthighschoolsportsmeeting,wedecidedtomakeitanunforgettableexperienceforallofus.【解析】因?yàn)榫渥又髡Zwe和realize之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表原因,故填Realizing。16.Onthestand,myclassmatesapplaudedandcheeredfortheathletes,some________(raise)theircamerastocapturetheexcitingmoments.【解析】此處是帶邏輯主語的分詞短語作狀語,some和raise之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以填raising。17.Insidethebuilding,thestudentssawnothingbutbrokenwallsanddoorsandpiecesofthebuilding_____(lie)allovertheplace.【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),意為“看見某物處于某種狀態(tài)”,故填lying。18.Alltheinsectsandanimalswereworkinghardtostorefoodforwinter,exceptthegrasshopper(蚱蜢),whospenthisdays________(jump)fromleaftoleaf.【解析】固定短語spendsometime(in)doingsth花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事,故填jumping。19.Studentswholistentoclassicalmusicwhile_________(study)performbetter.【解析】因study與其邏輯主語students之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用其動(dòng)詞-ing形式,構(gòu)成“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,故填studying。20.Thus,goodlearninghabitscanhelpusgaingreatlearningresults,___________(include)highscoresandabundantknowledge.【解析】include的用法為includingsb/sth或sb/sthincluded,包括取得高分和獲得豐富的知識(shí),故填including。21.Duringthetest,thegirl________(sit)nexttomewhisperedsomething,butIcouldn’tunderstand.【解析】空處修飾前面的名詞thegirl,兩者存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,故填sitting。22.FormorethansixmillionAmericanchildren,cominghomeafterschoolmeans_________(come)toanemptyhouse.【解析】因meantodosth打算做某事;meandoingsth意味著。本句中means作“意味著”解,故填coming。23.TheHotDogEatingContestonConeyIslandhasbecomeaverypopularevent,____________(attract)TVaudiencesover1.5million.【解析】該句主語TheHotDogEatingContest和動(dòng)詞attract之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,故填attracting。24.ArealtrialbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs____________(e)andmymindblank.【解析】句意:真的考驗(yàn)開始了,我站在臺(tái)上,雙腿發(fā)抖,大腦一片空白。這是“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語,legs和動(dòng)詞tremble為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填trembling。25.Hetookadeepbreathasheopenedtheexampaper________(hand)tohim.【解析】因theexampaper與所給詞hand之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞作后置定語,故填handing。26.TheNorthernEssexCommunityCollege(NECC)studentsandoneoftheirteachersspentpartoftheirspringbreakinNewYorkCity,helpingrepairanarea__________(destroy)bythehurricane.【解析】過去分詞短語作后置定語表示被動(dòng),“被颶風(fēng)破壞的地區(qū)”,故填destroyed。27.Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeys_________(attach).【解析】在“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,keys與attach(系)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填attached。28.ItwasthefirstOlympics______(hold)inSouthAmerica.【解析】因Olympics與所給的動(dòng)詞hold為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且由was可推斷是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用held。29.Inaletter____________(publish)inamagazine,MrGovesays:“ItmaybetoolatetosayI’msorry.”【解析】publish和aletter是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置定語,故填published。30.Thecheerfulandoptimisticrabbitthrewhimselfawaylookingforthecarrot,digginghereandthere,totally___________(convince)thathewouldfindit.【解析】表示“確信的;堅(jiān)信的”用convinced。31.Whentherewasnoplaceinthewholefield_____(leave)todig,therabbitdugatunnelrighttowherethedoghadbeenlyingallthetime.【解析】過去分詞作定語,意為“剩下的地方”,left作后置定語,故填left。32.JustimaginehowterriblyshyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatwithsomanyeyes______(fix)uponme.【解析】eyes和動(dòng)詞fix之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用fixed。33.IthastheRoyalDanishAcademyofFineArtandtheRoyalLibraryhousedinarathergrandbuilding_______(call)theBlackDiamond.【解析】因building與call是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填called。34.Therewillbemanywonderfulperformances____________(present)bytheteachersandthestudentsinourschool.【解析】因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞willbe,所以present為非謂語動(dòng)詞,又因performances與present是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,加之有by的提示,可知用過去分詞短語作后置定語,故填presented。35.Ifeltquite________(excite)afterhearingthe_________(excite)news.【解析】第一空是指“人”感到興奮的,故用excited,第二空是指令人興奮的消息,修飾的是事,故用exciting。36.TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewoman_______(win)theNobelPrizeinmedicine.【解析】當(dāng)thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來修飾名詞時(shí),后常用不定式作定語,故填towin。37.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget__________(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.【解析】這是“get+過去分詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),如getburnt被燙傷,getpaid獲得報(bào)酬;本句中的getpromoted獲得提拔,故填promoted。Iregret_______(tell)youthatIcan’ttakepartinyourpartynextSundaybecauseIhavetoattendameetingthen.【解析】短語regrettodosth表示遺憾/抱歉做某事(事情還沒有做),故填totell。39.It’snouse_____________(complain)withouttakingaction.【解析】固定句式it’snousedoingsth表示“做某事沒有用”,故填complaining。40.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_________(go)foraswim?【解析】固定搭配feellikedoingsth(想要做某事),故填going。41.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused____________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.【解析】句意為:我聽到我后面的一名乘客向司機(jī)大喊,但是司機(jī)拒絕停車,直到我們到達(dá)下一站。refusetodosth.為固定短語,意為“拒絕做某事”,故填tostop.42.____________(avoid)suchtroubles,weshouldcomparesimilaritemsondifferentonlinestoresandpaymoreattentiontowhatothercustomerssay.【解析】句意為:為了避免這些麻煩,我們應(yīng)該比較一下不同網(wǎng)店的相似產(chǎn)品并且多留意其他顧客的評(píng)價(jià)。此句已有并列謂語,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞形式;根據(jù)句意并分析句子成分可知,應(yīng)填不定式表目的,故填Toavoid.43.Wecansavethousandsayearifwecomparethepricesofsimilaritemsbefore____________(decide)tobuy.【解析】句意為:如果我們?cè)跊Q定買東西之前,比較一下相似產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格,一年能省幾千塊錢。設(shè)空處在介詞before的后面,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞,故填deciding.44.Afteradisappointingperformance,sheswore____________(work)harderandimprove.Shedidit.【解析】句意為:在一次令人失望的表演之后,她發(fā)誓要更加刻苦地學(xué)習(xí)并且有所提高。她做到了??疾楣潭ù钆鋝weartodosth.,意為“發(fā)誓做某事”。故填towork。45.Inmymind,ourdiscussionsarehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider____________(win)thegameandsolvingrealproblemsaswell.【解析】句意為:在我看來,我們的討論幫助我們變得冷靜,并且思考如何贏得比賽和解決真正的問題。設(shè)空處作consider的賓語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式,且(win)thegame和solvingrealproblems之間為并列關(guān)系,故填winning。46.Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,only____________(find)thetrainhadleft.【解析】句意為:他匆匆趕往火車站,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。設(shè)空處前有謂語動(dòng)詞hurried,故該空用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式;onlytodosth.表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,故填tofind。47.Shestoodbesideastandforawhile,____________(watch)themiddle-agedsellerbusydoinghisbusiness.【解析】句意為:她在一個(gè)攤位旁邊站了一會(huì)兒,看著那個(gè)中年商販忙著做生意。本句的謂語動(dòng)詞為stood,與設(shè)空處之間沒有連詞連接,故設(shè)空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式;watch與She之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,故填watching。48.By2025thenumberof
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