第一講　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Asalittlegirl,I________(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.2．[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,________(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.3．[2023·北京卷]Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest________(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.4．[2023·北京卷]Uptonow,China________(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.5．[2022·全國(guó)甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinentsandin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.6．[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostpletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù))．7．[2021·浙江6月卷]Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois，________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.8．[2020·北京卷]TheNeanderthals________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40，000yearsago.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)是近幾年語(yǔ)法填空必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：do/does(下面所有的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成皆以do為例)2．基本用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作常與usually，always，often，sometimes，never，everyday等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.星期一早晨，我通?；ㄙM(fèi)一小時(shí)開(kāi)車(chē)去上班。(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等表示客觀真理時(shí)，即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Asweallknow，theearthtravelsaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(3)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是e，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30amandendsat3：30pm.我理想的學(xué)校上午8：30上課，下午3：30放學(xué)。(4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)Ifyouethisafternoon，we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午過(guò)來(lái)，我們將開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：did2．基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday，lastmonth，justnow，theotherday，threedaysago，in1989等。TheotherdayIcameacrossanoldfriendonthetopofMountTai.前幾天，我在泰山頂上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutthenewsassoonashemether.他說(shuō)他一見(jiàn)到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(3)表達(dá)“原以為/本來(lái)認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時(shí)，know，think，expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Muchtomydisappointment，thefilmisnotasmovingasIexpected．使我非常失望的是，這部電影不像我原來(lái)預(yù)想的那樣感人。(4)常見(jiàn)句型：①I(mǎi)tistimethatsb.didsth.該到……的時(shí)候了②Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since...didsth.自從做某事以來(lái)已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了③would/hadrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事Itistimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.該到我們采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。AsfarasIknow，itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.據(jù)我所知，他參軍三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Georgesaidthathewouldetoschooltoseemethenextday，buthedidn't．喬治說(shuō)他會(huì)在第二天來(lái)學(xué)?？次遥撬麤](méi)有來(lái)。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]Thecolorshe________(choose)cameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanwhosehaircolorlookedjustperfect.2．[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]Sheputthenewcoloronherhairandsatstillfor30minutes,justasthedirections________(say)．3．[2022·浙江6月卷]Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci'sMonaLisahe________(notice)hersmilerightaway.4．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Hequickly________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.5．[2022·北京卷]Eventually,theman________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!6．“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：amisare2．基本用法(1)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，atthemoment，atpresent等連用。HeiswatchingafootballmatchonTVathomenow.他現(xiàn)在正在家里看電視上的足球賽。(2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞e，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。IamleavingforShanghaitoattendanimportantinternationalmeeting.我要出發(fā)去上海參加一個(gè)重要的國(guó)際會(huì)議。(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always，constantly連用，表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如不滿(mǎn)、厭惡、贊賞等。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)出不滿(mǎn)的情緒)(二)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：waswere＋2．基本用法(1)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsontheplaygroundat3：00pmyesterday.昨天下午3點(diǎn)他正在操場(chǎng)與他的朋友們一起打籃球。(2)表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此用法常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，begin，leave，arrive，e，return等。Iwasingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.我本打算那天晚些時(shí)候去看你，但是我不得不打取消了。(3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always、constantly等連詞，表達(dá)某種感情色彩。如不滿(mǎn)、厭惡、贊賞等。Hewasalwaysplayingtricksonmeathighschool.上高中時(shí)，他總是捉弄我。(三)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：willbedoing2．基本用法表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach，enjoyingthesunshine.下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽(yáng)光。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Henry________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.2．[2021·天津3月卷]Currently,about35，000works________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.3．Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshe________(teach)aclassatthattime.考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：havehas＋2．基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already，sofar，never，just，before，recently，foralongtime，in/overthepast/last/recentfewyears等。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.在過(guò)去的10年中我們的城市發(fā)生了很大變化。(2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時(shí)間段”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。Hemovedherein2019andhehaslivedhereeversince.他2019年搬到這里，自那之后他一直住在這里。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.當(dāng)你讀完這本書(shū)，請(qǐng)歸還給我?！久麕熤附颉?1)注意牢記以下固定句型：①I(mǎi)tis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已經(jīng)……”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已十年了。②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次游覽這座城市。③Thisis＋the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that...結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen．這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。(2)注意避免思維定式：一看到for＋時(shí)間段，就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(一般過(guò)去時(shí))，還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.楊振寧在美國(guó)定居多年，現(xiàn)在他生活在中國(guó)。DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中國(guó)住了許多年。(二)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：had＋done2．基本用法(1)完成過(guò)云時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成即表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by...，until...，when...，before...等。WhenhewasinBeijing,hevisitedtheplaceswherehehadplayedasachild.他在北京的時(shí)候游覽了他兒時(shí)曾玩過(guò)的地方。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadalreadygraduatedfromcollege.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.我們?cè)瓉?lái)預(yù)料你們能夠贏比賽。(3)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，這種情況多見(jiàn)于賓語(yǔ)從句。Herememberedthathehadleftthekeyathome.他記得他把鑰匙落家了。(4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用句型①I(mǎi)twasthefirst/second...timethat...這是第一/第二……次……Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.這是那個(gè)男孩第三次遲到了。②hadhardlydone...when剛……就……；hadnosoonerdone...than一……就……。如：Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.我剛打開(kāi)門(mén)，他就打了我。Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.他剛買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣(mài)了。(三)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：hashavebeen＋2．基本用法(1)常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.幾天以來(lái)，孩子們一直在找我們能夠幫助的其他人。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butthere'snoanswer.今天早晨我一直給他打了很多，但是沒(méi)人接。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2022·北京卷]Theuseofthoseplastics________(increase)by300%since2019.2．[2022·浙江1月卷]OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.3．[2021·北京卷]There________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years，causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures，accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.4．[2024·重慶市高三模擬]SwimmerZhangYufei________(bee)ahouseholdnameinChinaeversinceher200mbutterflygoldattheTokyoOlympics.考點(diǎn)四一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(一)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1．表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用以下四種結(jié)構(gòu)(1)will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形(2)begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形(3)beto＋動(dòng)詞原形(4)beabouttodosth.2．基本用法(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.明年，他將畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。(2)begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Lookatthecloud.Itisgoingtorain．瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(3)betodosth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事，或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.當(dāng)我們?nèi)D書(shū)館時(shí)，我們要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。(4)beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Thetrainisabouttoleave．火車(chē)即將開(kāi)出。(二)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：woulddosth.2．基本用法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是“立足過(guò)去，著眼未來(lái)”的一種時(shí)態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。Theshopwouldsoonclose,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.這個(gè)商店不久將關(guān)閉，所有的人將回家。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·北京卷]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I________(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2．Ifyouareabletoewithus，pleaseletusknowandwe________(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.3．Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”考點(diǎn)五語(yǔ)態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredone一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/willhavebeendoneTomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.使我高興的是，我從成百上千申請(qǐng)參加開(kāi)幕儀式的人員中當(dāng)選。2．不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)系動(dòng)詞類(lèi)(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。Thedishtastednice.這道菜嘗起來(lái)很美味。(2)表示主語(yǔ)特征的動(dòng)詞(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副詞連用。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布料容易洗。3．get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語(yǔ)此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)主要有g(shù)etpaid/lost/hurt等。Wegetpaideveryweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。4．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2．[2022·浙江1月卷]Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”．4．[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]It________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù))．5．[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.二主謂一致●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]Intheevening,whenItakethewalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsects________(bee)moremeaningfultome.2．[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3．[2022·浙江1月卷]ButCobbandothers________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.4．[2022·北京卷]Gasnaturally________(have)norecognizablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.5．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.6．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.7．[2021·浙江卷1月]Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquaredandaBMIofbetween19and25________(consider)healthy.8．[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一主謂一致的基礎(chǔ)“3原則”主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上和主語(yǔ)一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。1．語(yǔ)法一致原則：主語(yǔ)后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等連接的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。TheleaderandartistaswellassomeofourEnglishteacherswasgivenachancetogoabroadlastyear.那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語(yǔ)老師去年得到了一次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。2．就近一致原則(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。(2)由there、here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書(shū)和一支鋼筆。3．意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫(xiě)出了許多作品。(2)“no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個(gè)人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2024·山西省萍鄉(xiāng)市高三模擬]Thevideo________(post)bytheresearchersonsocialmediaplatformsonOct7andimmediatelybecameatrendingtopiconline.2．[2020·新高考Ⅱ卷]Becausethenumberofpossibletopics________(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.3．However，thankstotheinternationalagreement，there________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.4．Aredrose，ratherthanyellowroses，________(act)asthetraditionalromanticgiftgiventoyourloveonValentine'sDay.5．Furthermore，theamountofsleep________(change)greatlyoverthepast15years. 考點(diǎn)二主謂一致的3種特殊情況1.“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過(guò)程。2．a(chǎn)ll，therest，theremaining/part...＋主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.講座的前半部分很生動(dòng)，但后半部分非常枯燥。3．“幾分之幾/百分之幾＋of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書(shū)中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Morethanonedoctor________(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.2．Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________(have)passedtheexams.三助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2021·天津卷]Itusedtobethatyou________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.2．[2020·天津卷]Jimsayswe________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.3．[浙江卷]Therewasnooneelseintheclassroom,sohe________(do)itbyhimself.4．[2022·浙江6月卷]Buthowcanapainting________(appreciate)bysomeonewho'sblind?5．[天津卷]Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey________(acplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.6．[北京卷]Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage，andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobeemoreinvolved.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一助動(dòng)詞1.助動(dòng)詞do/does/did主要幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句、否定句及部分倒裝。助動(dòng)詞do/does/did后只能跟動(dòng)詞原形，助動(dòng)詞不能用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。2．助動(dòng)詞be/being/been主要幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和各種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。需注意be雖然沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，但卻是結(jié)構(gòu)中不可缺少的。3．助動(dòng)詞have/has/had主要是幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。需注意其構(gòu)成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。IamLiHua，astudentfromClass2，Grade3.Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我是李華，三年級(jí)二班的一名學(xué)生。我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)學(xué)生志愿者職位。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek.這是你這周第三次上班遲到?？键c(diǎn)二9大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于過(guò)去的能力)。Manypeoplecanusetheputer.許多人會(huì)用電腦。Noonecouldanswerthischallengingquestion.沒(méi)人能回答這個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題。(2)表示客觀或理論上的可能性。Itcanbeveryhothereinsummer.這里夏天可能會(huì)很熱。Accidentscanhappentoanydrunkendriver.醉酒的司機(jī)都有可能發(fā)生交通事故。(3)表示請(qǐng)求或允許。在疑問(wèn)句中could可以代替can，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。CanIhaveawordwithyou？Itwon'ttakelong.我可以和你談?wù)剢幔坎粫?huì)花很多時(shí)間的。(4)表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。can比could語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。Hecan'tbeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.他不可能是我們的經(jīng)理。我們經(jīng)理已經(jīng)去北京了。2．may/might(1)表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉。—MightIaskforapictureofyourlittledaughter?——我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎？—Yes，youmay．——是的，可以。(2)表示推測(cè)，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may語(yǔ)氣弱?！狪don'treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。為什么你邀請(qǐng)他？—Don'tworry.Hemightnote.Hesaidhewasn'tcertainwhathisplanswere.——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心，他或許不會(huì)來(lái)。他說(shuō)他還不能確定到底來(lái)不來(lái)。3．must(1)表示“必須；應(yīng)該”。—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?——我該馬上通知他日程改了嗎？—Iamafraidyoumust,incaseheeslateforthemeeting.——我想你必須(通知他)，以免他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到。(2)表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”，用于肯定句。Someonemusthaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨傘，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它濕了。(3)意為“偏要，非要……不可”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停止(再走)。(4)mustn't表示禁止，意為“不得，不允許；一定不要”。Thatcarismyproperty;youmustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.那輛車(chē)是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，你必須得到我的允許才能使用。4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。Shallweputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?我們能否將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月？ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?明天湯姆可以和我一起去那里嗎？(2)用于第二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等；或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必須”。Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。5．should(1)should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等，意為“應(yīng)該”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。(2)should表示出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然，居然”。Suchagentlemanshoulddothat.這樣一位紳士竟然會(huì)做那種事。6．will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿?！猈hydidn'tyouetomypartylastnight?——昨晚你為什么不參加我的晚會(huì)？—Iwantedto，butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.——我想?yún)⒓?，但是晚上那么晚我母親就是不讓我出去。(2)表示“請(qǐng)求；建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣。Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?請(qǐng)你把門(mén)開(kāi)著好嗎？(3)表示習(xí)慣，will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，意為“總是；習(xí)慣于”。表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作用would。Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.生活在農(nóng)村時(shí)他總是早起。7．need表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中。Youneedn'tbetoldtwiceaboutonesinglething.同一件事不必對(duì)你說(shuō)兩遍?！狽eedItellhimeverythingthat'shappenedtohisparents?——我有必要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？—Yes，youmust./No,youneedn't．——是的，必須。/不，沒(méi)必要?！久麕熤附颉縩eed還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后面可跟名詞、帶to的不定式或動(dòng)名詞等作賓語(yǔ)，其否定形式、疑問(wèn)形式都要通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成。Plantsneedlightinordertosurvive.植物存活必須有光照。DoIneedtoleavemytelephonenumberandaddress?我有必要把號(hào)碼和地址留下嗎？Youdon'tneedtohandinyourpositionstoday.你們今天不必交作文。8．dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句。Idaresay是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意為“我想，大概”。Idarenotfacethedangerbravely.我不敢勇敢地面對(duì)困難。9．oughtto表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)是，應(yīng)該”。Yououghttoworkharderthanbefore.你應(yīng)當(dāng)比之前更努力地工作。Yououghtnottobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.這么重要的會(huì)議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ilovetheweekend，becauseI________notgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.2．Itwasreallyannoying;I________notgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadremended.3．Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparents________notletme.考點(diǎn)三5大表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較情態(tài)動(dòng)詞適用句式適用時(shí)態(tài)意義must肯定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)一定，肯定Jackdescribedhisfather，whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago，asastrongwilledman.杰克描述了他的父親，他多年前一定是一個(gè)勇敢的男孩，是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。can(could)疑問(wèn)句，否定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)可能，能夠Itcan'tbethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.在門(mén)旁的不可能是郵遞員，現(xiàn)在才六點(diǎn)。may(might)否定句，肯定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)也許，可能—Imayhaveleftmyhandbagonthetrain，butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.我也許把手提包落在火車(chē)上了，但幸運(yùn)的是有人把它給了鐵路官員?！狧owunbelievabletogetitback！Imean，someonemighthavestolenit.能再得到它真不可思議！我的意思是，有人有可能已經(jīng)偷走了它。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞適用句式適用時(shí)態(tài)意義should(oughtto)否定句，肯定句一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)確定或期待，“應(yīng)該”Ishouldn'thavewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.我本不應(yīng)看那部電影，它會(huì)帶給我可怕的夢(mèng)。will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)大概Thiswillbethehouseyou'relookingfor.這大概就是你在尋找的那個(gè)房子。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he________havedonetheresearchonhisown.2．You________nothavewakenmeup.Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.3．You________(e)hereearlier，forthelecturewasimportant.考點(diǎn)四狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1.非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式形式用were)would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式would/could/should/might＋havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反①weretodo②shoulddo③過(guò)去式would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我弟弟在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今天下午下雨，籃球比賽就會(huì)被推遲。Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhadtoldme,Icouldhavehelped．上個(gè)星期你為什么不把你的困難告訴我？如果你告訴我，我會(huì)幫助你的?！久麕熤附颉?1)在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有had，were，should時(shí)，可以把if省略，把had，were，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句。Hadyou(＝Ifyouhad)eearlier,youwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.如果你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，就能趕上早班車(chē)了。WereI(＝IfIwere)twentynow,Iwouldjointhearmy.如果我現(xiàn)在20歲，我就參軍。Shouldhee(＝Ifheshoulde),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)。(2)如果主句和從句是對(duì)不同時(shí)間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱(chēng)為錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)主句常有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelpnow.也許如果當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)的是理科不是文科的話(huà)，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在含蓄條件句中的用法有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是隱含在某些詞或短語(yǔ)中，或隱含在上下文中，這種叫含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)有：without(要是)沒(méi)有incase萬(wàn)一；以防butfor要不是supposing假如forfearthat以免otherwise否則or否則Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.要不是一個(gè)，我們不可能在一起待一分鐘。考點(diǎn)五其他從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity＋that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理些信息供我參考。2．賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式如下表：虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥(niǎo)，能在天空自由飛翔。Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我多希望昨天見(jiàn)到了那個(gè)影星。(2)表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：①堅(jiān)持：insist；②命令：order，mand；③建議：advise，suggest，propose，remend；④要求：request，require，demand，ask。Itisstronglyremendedthatthemachines(should)becheckedeveryyear.強(qiáng)烈建議將這些機(jī)器每年檢查一次。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會(huì)給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。(3)wouldrather/prefer＋that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。②表示愿望與“過(guò)去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我寧愿你沒(méi)有做那件事。3．表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等表示“建議，命令，請(qǐng)求”含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其構(gòu)成是“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp.我們接受了他要求我們向老師求助的建議。(2)asif，asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.她看起來(lái)好像什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的。4．定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It's(about/high/very)time＋that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略)，意為“某人該做某事了”。It'stimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.該到我們回家的時(shí)間了。5．ifonly從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。Ifonlythedriverhadn'tdrivensofastthen!要是司機(jī)那時(shí)沒(méi)開(kāi)那么快就好了。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2024·廣東省新會(huì)華僑中學(xué)月考]WithoutthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________(win)thefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingpetition.2．[2024·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考]Itishightimethatyou________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.3．Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe________(have)agoodtimetogether.4．Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface,asifnothing________(happen)．5．Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.

●小試牛刀/夯基礎(chǔ)·提技能·高效備考●Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空[2024·山東省泰安市高三一模]AnintangibleculturalheritageareainGuangzhou,thecapitalofsouthChina'sGuangdongProvince,openedthisyear,showingthelifeandnormsofancientChinesepeoplefromaculturalperspective.ThisisthesecondintangibleculturalheritageblockinGuangzhou.1.________(locate)onBeijingRoad,theblockhostsintangibleculturalheritagedisplaysandevents.ThefirstsuchstreetwassetinYongqingfanginLiwanDistrict,2.________hasbeethecenteroflocalculturalandcreativeindustries.Ontheopeningday,aconcert3.________(feature)traditionalCantonesemusicandpoems4.________(hold)onBeijingRoadtohonorthelaunchoftheintangibleculturalheritageblock.Artistsperformedclassicalpoemswithdanceandplayedtraditionalmusical5.________(instrument),includingtheChinesezither(古箏).Aimingtoraisethepublic'sculturalconfidenceand6.________(aware),thisintangibleculturalheritageblock7.________(regular)showsculturalrelicsandrecordsandgivesVR/ARshowsabouttheinheritance(繼承)ofintangibleculturalheritage.FamousCantonesefood,arts,celebritiesandindustriesareintroducedtovisitors.Manyactivitiesareheldtoshowthecharmoftheintangibleculturalheritageblock.8．________additiontodisplayingculturalrelicsfromGuangdong,thisblock9.________(focus)ontheroleofintangibleculturalheritageinstrengtheningpeople'sculturalconfidence10.________developingculturaltourism.Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用完成下面短文，注意本部分語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用。Hello,everyone!Iwouldliketosharewithyoumyfirsttravelabroad.1.________________________________________________________________________________________.(去年暑假，我和幾個(gè)同學(xué)一起參加了與一所美國(guó)學(xué)校的交流項(xiàng)目)Duringourvisit,westayedinhostfamilies,whichgaveusanopportunitytolearnaboutAmericansociety.Themainpartofourprogramwastoexperiencetheschoollife.2.________________________________________________________________________.(與中國(guó)學(xué)生相比，美國(guó)學(xué)生更加開(kāi)放和活躍)Besides,theyhavelesshomeworkandfewerexams.3.________________________________________________________.(但我們也有很多共同點(diǎn)，比如對(duì)NBA的狂熱)Whenthevisitwasover,ImadefriendswithsomeAmericanstudents,whobeeveryinterestedinChineseculture.4.________________________________________________________.(美國(guó)學(xué)生也從中獲益匪淺)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題提升專(zhuān)題一復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)高考感悟1．答案與解析：wished考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以wish作本句謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)后文的grew可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2．答案與解析：means考查時(shí)態(tài)。這里為本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為“development”，單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。3．答案與解析：hadarrived考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我在約定的時(shí)間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有其他客人到場(chǎng)，女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4．答案與解析：hasestablished考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由Uptonow可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是China，故填hasestablished。5．答案與解析：haswalked考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Inthelastfiveyears可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Cao為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。6．答案與解析：wasbuilt分析句子成分可知，空處和hasnowbeenpletelyrestored作并列謂語(yǔ)。第二步：考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)intheTangdynasty可知發(fā)生在過(guò)去，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)it(TheXi'anCityWall)與動(dòng)詞build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7．答案與解析：hasproved/hasproven考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的sinceitopenedtothepublic可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。8．答案與解析：lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一直生活了數(shù)萬(wàn)年。設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fortensofthousandsofyears。故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)或者過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；又因動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)研析考點(diǎn)一即學(xué)即練1．答案與解析：chose考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)