高一語法之名詞的成分

回顧Unitone1.putforward______________2.drawaconclusion_____________

3.be/getundercontrol______________4.beabsorbedin___________5.betoblame_________________

6.inaddition______________

7.link...to...____________8.dieof___________________

9.leadto_____________________10.makesense___________________11.apartfrom___________________12.contributeto_____________________

13.beenthusiasticabout__________________14.becuriousabout________________15.curesb.ofillness_____________________16.pointofview____________________17.（be）strictwithsb._____________________Unittwo1.consistof________________2.divide…into…________________

3.atwar(with…)_________________4.breakaway(from…)___________5.educational/legalsystem_______________6.haveagood/badinfluenceon…_____________

7.taketheplaceof________________8.breakdown)___________9.makeanerror________________10.leaveout________________11.puzzleover/about______________12.debatesth.withsb.______________13.atyourconvenience___________________14.in/withrelation______________________15.underconstruction______________名詞性從句一.概念1)主語從句：在句中充當主語；亦可用it作形式主語，主語從句置于句末。2)賓語從句：在句中充當及物動詞或介詞的賓語；亦可用it作形式賓語，賓語從句置于句末。3)表語從句：在句中充當系動詞的表語。4)同位語從句：常置于fact,idea,news,promise,doubt,suggestion,possibility,belief等表示有內(nèi)容的名詞后，起解釋、說明作用。二.相關(guān)知識點精講主語從句：主語從句在整個句子中作主語。(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時，that絕對不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主語從句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)當主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.隨堂練：1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because2.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice. A．whether B．where C．which 2.表語從句：表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動詞后，充當表語。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.引導(dǎo)表語從句除了上述三類詞外還有because,asif/asthough等等Thereason(why/forwhich…..)isthat……It/This/Thatisbecause……連系動詞“appear,look,seem”的兩個常用句型Itseems/appearsthat….Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough……(與事實相符用陳述語氣，與事實相反用虛擬語氣)as也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe隨堂練3.Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that4．Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how5.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where6.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited3.賓語從句：及物動詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語從句作其賓語。賓語從句時態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun連詞whether和if可以互換，但注意下列情況連詞后緊跟ornot時用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.作介詞賓語是用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.如果賓語從句是否定時，一般用if引導(dǎo)Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.當賓語從句后帶賓補時，要用“主語+謂語+it+賓補+that-clause,that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.當主語是I,we，主句用think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine五個動詞時，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移Idon’tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?that在賓語從句?？梢允÷?，但由and或but連接兩個或多個賓語從句時，僅可以省略第一個連詞thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn’thungry.注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句Idon’tknowifhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow.隨堂練：7.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever4.同位語從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語，對前面的名詞進一步說明。用在下列名詞之后：fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestionThereisnodoubtthathewillcome.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewillcome.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat….that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在同位語從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句作成分，作賓語時可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在定語從句中，when,where前有分別表示時間、地點的先行詞；而在同位語從句中無此對應(yīng)關(guān)系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位語從句)Goandgetyourcoat.It’sintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定語從句)隨堂練：8. Imadeapromisetomyself______ thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.A.whether B.what C.that D.how5.疑問詞-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.Ibelieverwhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who與whoever的區(qū)別who是“誰”的意思，表示具有疑問，who相當于anyonewho“無論誰”Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6．當名詞性從句缺少主語、賓語或表語時，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what，它相當于。另外，有時具有感嘆意義allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)thatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7.注意區(qū)分it作形式主語的主語從句與強調(diào)句強調(diào)句句型Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that，句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主語從句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.強調(diào)句Whatwasitthathewanted?Idon’tknowwhatitwasthathewanted.Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem8.注意it作形式主語的主語從句和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.考點聚焦名詞性從句中連接詞的運用名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞分類：A.從屬連詞：that,whether,if,asif注意：that,whether,if,asif。that無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時可省略；if(whether),asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。Eg:Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Myhopeisthatshewillsoonbewellagain.Everybodyhopesthatshewillsoonbewellagain.Thatshewillsoonbewellagainisourhope.需要注意的是：引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句的情況，that是不可以省略的B．連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whicheverEg:Whowilltakehisplaceisunknown.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Ihavenoideawhichteamwillwin.注意：連接代詞有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。C.連接副詞：when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeverEg:Whereshehasgonesnotknownyet.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Thisiswhyheislate.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.注意：連接副詞有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語?？偨Y(jié)：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式，而應(yīng)用陳述語序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if和asif都用不上時，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。（1）that的用法。①主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略；（B）當that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，that不能??；（C）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that從句作主語和賓語時，可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中不以當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞+that。如：It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.隨堂練：9._____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what⑤同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如：TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.（定語從句）（2）whether和if的用法。①whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot時用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥間接引語位于句首時或者是間接引語提前時用whether不用if。如：Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.（3）疑問詞+ever和nomatter+疑問詞的區(qū)別。①疑問詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑問詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.（4）when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)一致（1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果由and連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個或多個連接詞引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.練一練l．_the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited．A．WheneverB．IfC．WhetherD．That2．TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday．A．WillbeputoffB．willputoffC．putoffD．beputoff3．isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms．A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．that4．DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember．A．whereB．thereC．whichD．that5．hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．A．WhatB．ThatC．ThefactD．Thematter6．Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage．A．whenB．howC．whereD．what7．Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?A．howIcangettoB．howcanIgettoC．whereIcangettoD．wherecanIgetto8．Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus．A．itB．himC．thatD．what9．Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey．A．whileB．thatC．ifD．for10．leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights．A．AnyoneB．ThepersonC．WhoeverD．Who11．theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars．A．That；howB．What；howC．What；thatD．That；that12．Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming．A．why；becauseB．why；whetherC．that；thatD．how；thatl3．Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater．A．NomatterwhatB．NomatterhowC．WhateverD．However14．WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice．A．whichB．whyC．thatD．whether15．Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．when16．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants．A．howeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever17．Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite?A．whatB．whereC．whenD．how18．—Doyourememberbecame?—Yes，Ido．Hecamebycar．A．howB．whenC．thatD．ifl9．wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave．A．What；whatB．What：thatC．That；thatD．That：what20．—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek．—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A．whyB．whenC．whatD．where21．Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems．A．whateverB．howeverC．whicheverD．those22．—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday?—ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook．A．What；thatB．That；whatC．there；soD．That；that23．ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemadethedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere．A．that：thatB．when；whichC．there；whatD．where；what24．Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow．A．whatB．howC．thatD.which25．Therewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershere．A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever26．—Irangyouaboutten，buttherewasnoreply．—0h，thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor．A．whenB．whyC．whatD．that27．Mariahastobaby-sit．That’sshecan’tcomeoutwithus．A．howB．whyC．whenD．what28．surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquickly．A．What：whatB．That；thatC．What：thatD．That；what29．Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents．A．howtheywereexcitedB．howexcitedtheywereC．howexcitedweretheyD．theywerehowexcited30.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when課堂知識回顧：

Unit3

1.makeadeep/strongimpressiononsb.

給某人留下深刻印象

impresssb.withsth.=impresssth.onsb.使人記住某事

2.takeup

拿起/占用/接受/開始/從事/繼續(xù)/選修

speedup加速sweepup打掃/橫掃/掠過useup用光comeup過來eatup吃光situp熬夜/坐正turnup出現(xiàn)/開大(音/水量)

3.remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事

remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事

remindsb.that…

提醒某人……

4.asaresult(of…)結(jié)果

5.sufferfrom遭受

6.besimilarto和…相似

7.keepdoingsth.一直做某事

8.thesixofus我們六人（共六人）

9.by/for/through+(the/a)lackof…由于……的缺乏

belacking

in

缺乏(品質(zhì)/特點)

lackfor…(否定句)

缺乏……

10.innotime

很快,立刻

11.onone’sfeet(從病痛或挫折中)復(fù)原

12.inalldirections四面八方

13.Sb.lose/catchsightof….

看不見/看見

Sb./Sth.bein/outof

sight看得見/看不見

atfirstsight第一眼

atthesightof…一看見……就……

14.providedAwithB

向A提供B

15.plentyof+[u]/[c]許多

16.bepreviousto…早于……

17.compareAwithB

compareAtoB把A與B作比較，把A比喻作B

18.forhealthreasons出于健康原因

19.bendtherules

變通,放寬

20.onearth

究竟，到底

21.beunderrepair

在維修中

22.searchfor…尋找

23.assistsb.in/withsth.

=assistsb.indoingsth.

=assistsb.todosth.幫忙,協(xié)助某人去做某事

24.gosoft

變軟

25.speakinwhisper低聲地說

26.beoptimisticabout…

對……樂觀

27.switch

on/off

thepower

開/關(guān)電源

28.explaintosb.sth.=explain

sth.tosb.向某人解釋某事

29.giveoff

發(fā)出（光/熱等）

30.get/becaughtin…被困在……中

31.requiresb.todosth.

=requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事

Sth.requiredoing/tobedone某物需要被

32.besupposedtodo

應(yīng)該

33.beequippedwith…裝備有……

34.beessentialfor/to…對……是必要Unit41.becuriousabout對……感到好奇

2.betodo必將/將要/應(yīng)該

3.gooutonastory外出采訪

4.onone’sown獨自，*自己

ofone’sown自己的……

5.concentrateon集中精力于……

6.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的

7.bring…with…隨身攜帶

8.haveanosefor…對……非常敏感

9.dependon依賴

10.atrickofthetrad