高考語法復(fù)習(xí)第三講名詞性從句學(xué)案

第三講名詞性從句名詞性從句即從句在句中起著名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語，對應(yīng)的從句稱之為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞有：1.連接詞:that,whether,if,asif/asthough2.連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever3.連接副詞:when,where,why,how注意點(diǎn)：連接詞that,在句中沒意義，不充當(dāng)成分,只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用。whether，if：有意義(譯為“是否”)，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whicheverhow，where，when，有意義，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語成分。連接副詞when,where,why,how，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分。選擇連詞時(shí)，要先分析從句，看看句子是否缺成分，缺少什么成分，再根據(jù)上述連詞的特點(diǎn)作出選擇。名詞性從句用陳述句語序，不用疑問句語序。名詞性從句的用法thatthat引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時(shí)，可省略。在下列情況下that不可省略引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，that一般不可省略當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞，find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess之后，由it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)真正的賓語，that不可省略。賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主從復(fù)合句。作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state等的賓語時(shí)，往往不省略。如：Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.當(dāng)主句比較長，可用it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)從句作真正的主語，常見的句型有：It+be+名詞/名詞詞組+that從句Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonor/nowonder/goodnewsthat-clauseItisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.Itisnowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.It+be+形容詞+that從句Itisimportant/vital/significant/necessary/essential/natural/obvious/possible/likelythat-clauseItislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.It+be+過去分詞+that從句Itissaid/known//acknowledged/reported/thought/believed//announced/decided/suggestedthat-clauseItisannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthatitisthattoomuchmoneyhasbeeninvestedinrealestatethathascausedthecrisisinWallStreet.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatthepromisingisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.It+不及物動詞+that從句Itseems(ed)/appear/happen/occur/matter/turnoutthat-clauseItseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplanIthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat5o’clocktomorrowmorning.Thereasonwhyhefailedisthathewastoocareless.Thereisnodoubtthat2015willbringmorechangewhentheworldeconomyisstillunclear.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerthesedays.Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.Everyoneintherealworldwillagreethatonceaprojectisbehinddeadline,qualityassurancetendstogooutofthewindow.I’msurprisedthatwhathesaidwasallwrong.2．whether/ifIwonderif/whetheryoucanlendmeyouripad.I’mnotsurewhether/ifIcanholdapartyintheopenairbecauseitdependsonweatherIdoubtif/whetherheiswillingtosubscribetothatkindofmagazine.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhether/ifweshallholdameetingIdon’tknowwhetherornothearrives. Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.Itdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrowifwewanttogocamping.WediscussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouseWhetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy. Whetheryou’reoutshoppingforgold,orsilver,youneedtoknowafewthings.根據(jù)以上句子分析，可總結(jié)： 1.)動詞后的賓語從句;I’mnotsure與Idoubt后的賓語從句whether/if可互換2.)當(dāng)it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末時(shí)，用whether或if均可；只用whether不用if的情況與ornot直接連用。與不定式連用。從句作介詞或discuss的賓語。主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。5.)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，表示“不管，無論”。3.asif/asthough,because/why引導(dǎo)表語從句Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.(表示原因)Hehasbeensmokingtoomuch.Thatiswhyhesuffersfromheartdisease.（表示結(jié)果）Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.4.wh-類與how連接詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句___________(Who/Whoever)wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.____________(Whatever/Whichever)teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughthenationalchampionships.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________(whatever/whichever)ittakestosaveherlife.Thenextmorninganoticewasputuponthedooroftheworkhouse,offeringarewardto__________(whoever/whomever)wouldemployOliverTwist.Hewasnotconsciousof_________(what/how)animportantrolehehadplayedinthematch.____________(What/That)somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.Whomadethecallisnotimportant.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.Howyoutreatothersshowswhatkindofpersonyouare.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideawherethepartyistobeheld?5.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1.)從被修飾詞上區(qū)別：同位語從句前的名詞中是idea，fact，news，hope,belief,doubt,rule,conclusion,possibility,explanation,truth,,information,thought,decision,feeling,suggestion,request等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞；定語從句前的名詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。2.)從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別：同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性的；定語從句是對其先行詞進(jìn)行修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性的。3.)從引導(dǎo)詞上區(qū)別：某些引導(dǎo)詞如how，whether，what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；而which能引導(dǎo)定語從句卻不能單獨(dú)使用引導(dǎo)同位語從句。4.)從引導(dǎo)詞在句子中所作的成分區(qū)別：that在定語從句中必須作成分，指物時(shí)有時(shí)可用which代替，作賓語時(shí)可以省略；而that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不作任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which代替。引導(dǎo)詞when，where，why雖在兩種從句中都作成分，但引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，前面的名詞應(yīng)分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因；在同位語從句中則不然。判斷下面兩句是同位語從句還是定語從句：1.）Thenewsthatheheardistrue.______________2.）Thenewsthathewaskilledistrue.___________3.）Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar____hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.A.whereB.thatC.asD.why4.）Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when5.）OfonethingIamcertain________hardworkcontributestogoodresults.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that6．關(guān)于名詞性從句應(yīng)注意的其他問題1.）介詞后面一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，此時(shí)需要用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Youmayrelyonit_thathewillcomeintime.你放心好了，他會準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。2.）某些動詞如：enjoy，hate，have，hide，like，love，appreciate，take等后面不能直接跟賓語從句，需要用it作形式賓語，再把從句放到后面。Legendhasit_thatFujiaroseinanight.傳說富士山是一夜之間出現(xiàn)的。3.）動詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，其后的賓語從句常用that作連接詞；用在肯定句中時(shí)，連接詞用whether或if皆可，而不用that。名詞doubt用在肯定句中時(shí)，一般用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Thereissomedoubtwhether(if/whether/that)shewillcometomorrow.(選詞填空)4．）“wh-＋ever”既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；“nomatterwh-”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可和“wh-＋ever”互換。IwanttomakefriendswithwhoevercansharebothmyjoysandsorrowsWhoevercomeslate,hewillbecriticized.Asasayinggoes,givethemonkeywhateverhewants.Iwillstandbyyouwhateverhappens.名詞性從句專練1.Thesearequestions____(that/which)，understandably，areveryoftenasked.2.Howard’sideawas____(which/that)agroupofpeopleshouldsetupacompany，borrowingmoneytoestablishagardencityinthedepressedcountryside，farenoughfromexistingcitiestomakesure____(which/that)thelandwasboughtatthebottomprice.3.Itneveroccurredtohumansuntilthemid-1990s____(that/what/which)someanimalscanbecloned.4.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto____(who/whoever)canwinthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.5.Wearediscussing_________(if/whether)weshouldclosetheship.6.Thereason________hedidn’tcomeis________hewasill.A.why；thatB.that；whyC.why；becauseD.why；what7.Theshockingnewsmademerealize____terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why8.Idon’tlike________whenyoushoutatme.A.thatB.itC.thisD.any9..Iamsatisfied________shouldbedonehasbeenalreadydone.A.whatthatB.whatC.thatwhatD.that10.Isit，inyouropinion，possible_____newmeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheterribletraffic？A.whetherB.whatC.whenD.that11.)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.which12)—I’mafraidIhavetogiveitup.—Don’tbediscouraged.Remember________stickstohisworkwillsucceedoneday.A.anyoneB.whoC.whoeverD.thatwhoever13)WorldAIDSdayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway，and________therearemanythingsstilltobedone.A.whichB.whatC.thatD./14.)---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.

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D.who18.______isknowntousallisthatthethemeofShanghaiWorldExpois“BetterCity,BetterLifeA.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.What19.Iwonderwhenitwas_____youcametorealize_______hesaidmeant.A.that;whatB.what;thatC.what;whatthatD.that;thatwhat20.Scientistshavecometotheconclusion______thetemperatureonEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when21.After______seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why22.Britishscientistshaveproduced_____theybelieveistheworld’ssmallestChristmascard.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what23.Therehavebeenfrequentairdisastersintheworldrecently,andthatis______peopleareconcerned.A.whatB.whereC.howD.that24.Thoughinvitedseveraltimes,Istillhavesomedoubt_______Icangotohisbirthdayparty.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.whether25._________someteenagersdon’trealizeis______difficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.A.What;howB.That;ho