2023北京海淀區(qū)初三一模英語試題及參考答案

試題PAGE1試題2023北京海淀初三一模英語2023.04學校___________________姓名___________________準考證號____________________考生須知1.本試卷共8頁,共兩部分,38道題,滿分60分。考試時間90分鐘。2.在試卷和答題卡上準確填寫學校名稱、姓名和準考證號。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上,選擇題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束,請將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。第一部分本部分共33題,共40分。在每題列出的四個選項中,選出最符合題目要求的一項。一、單項填空(每題0.5分,共6分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.Myuncleisadoctor.Helikes________jobverymuch.A.my B.her C.his D.your2.Sixstudentsinourclasswillcelebratetheirbirthdays_________May.A.at B.on C.of D.in3.DavidisAmerican,_________hespeaksChineseverywell.A.for B.but C.so D.if4.—John,__________Ijoinyouinthevolunteerprogramafterschool?—Ofcourseyoucan.Shallwemeetatfivethisafternoon?A.can B.need C.must D.should5.Withthehelpofmyteacher,I’vebecomemuch__________atwritingthanbefore.A.good B.better C.best D.thebest6.—__________willyoustayinBeijingthistime?—Forthreemonths.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howlong7.—Whatisyoursisterdoing,Jane?—She_________avideoonhowtomakeskylanterns.A.watches B.willwatch C.iswatching D.watched8.Lilyandherclassmates________onaschooltripyesterday.A.went B.willgo C.go D.havegone9.I_____________sixbookssincethebeginningofthisyear.A.read B.amreading C.willread D.haveread10.Ifthenumberofsharksdropstoolow,it___________dangertoalloceanlife.A.brings B.willbring C.hasbrought D.brought11.Today,teenagers__________tohelparoundintheirneighborhood.A.encourage B.encouraged C.areencouraged D.wereencouraged12.—Doyouknow______________?—Attheendofthestreet.A.whereIcanfindabookstore B.howIcanfindabookstoreC.wherecanIfindabookstore D.howcanIfindabookstore二、完形填空(每題1分,共8分)閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。Atafamilyreuniononeyear,Inoticedthatmy13-year-oldgranddaughterLaurenwasnotincludinghercousinEmilyinhersmallcircleofthreefriends.IpulledLaurenaside,andthoughtofgivingheralecture(訓斥)onkindness.JustthenIremembereda__13__experiencewhenIwasaboutthesameageasLauren.Iwasleftoutingroupactivities,andIfeltterrible.Seeingthat,athoughtfulteacheraskedmetohandoutpapersoneday.Althoughtheteacher’skindactdidn’tmakemea__14__ofthegroupimmediately,itincreasedmyself-confidenceandcreatedchancesforcommunicationwithmyclassmates.So,insteadofgivingLaurenalecture,Ichangedmyway.“Wouldyouandtheothergirlsbewillingtomakecupcakesforeveryone?”Iasked.“Yes!”Lauren’sfacebrightened,butthen__15__.“Hmm…doesEmilyhavetohelp?”sheasked.Thiswasn’taquestionIwashopingfor.Itoldherfirmly(堅定地)thatEmilyneededtobe__16__.ThenItoldtheotherthreegirlsabouttheplan.Theywereveryhappywiththeidea,butLaurenwasn’t.Igaveeachofthemtasksformakingthecupcakes.Soon,allthefourgirls__17__themselvesinmeasuring(測量),mixing,andhigh-fivingoneanother.Icouldtelltheyhadagreattimethere.Whenthecupcakeswereready,thekitchenwasamess,soIgaveeachgirltheirownclean-upduties.Morehigh-fiving.Morefun.Soonafter,Iheard__18__inthelivingroomthatevening.InoticedLaurensittingonthefloorbehindEmily,brushingherhairwhileEmilywaslaughingatsomethingLaurenhadsaid.Obviously,myplanofinvolvingtheminanactivitydidthetrick.

Afterthefamilyreunion,ItoldLaurenhow__19__ofheritwastoincludeEmilyintheiractivities.Nowthefourgirlsareyoungadults.Theydon’tseeeachotheroften,buteachtimetheymeetup,theyneverfailtolaughaboutthemessykitchentheymadethattime.Thisbestprovesthathavingteensinvolvedismuchmore__20__thanjustlecturingwhenteachingthemhowtheyshouldbehave.13.A.secret B.funny C.common D.similar14.A.coach B.guest C.member D.speaker15.A.cleared B.relaxed C.clouded D.softened16.A.followed B.included C.judged D.tested17.A.busied B.trained C.bettered D.troubled18.A.shout B.laughter C.complaint D.argument19.A.patient B.polite C.brave D.kind20.A.effective B.popular C.surprising D.traditional三、閱讀理解(每題2分,共26分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。AHowtoPracticeCriticalThinkinginThreeStepsIttakestimetopracticecriticalthinking(批判性思維),butit’snevertoolatetostart.Thefollowingthreestepswillhelppeopletobecomecriticalthinkers.Step1:Criticalthinkersstartbyaskingquestions.Theyaskthemselves:Ifthis,thenwhat?Ifthat,thenhowwilltheresultbedifferent?Theymaythinkaboutallpossibleideasbeforetheymakedecisions.Step2:_________Criticalthinkerssearchforanswers.Theymakeuseofallpossibletoolsorinterviewpeopleforinformation.Thentheyanalyze(分析)theinformationwithanopenmind.Theycompareanddecidewhatthebestanswersare.Step3:_________Aftercriticalthinkersgetnewideastoworkoutproblems,theysharetheseideaswiththeirteammatesandgetsupportfromthem.Duringcommunicationwithothers,betterideasoftencomeup.Forquestions21-23,matcheachstepwiththechoices(A-D).Thereisoneyoudonotneed.21.Step1 A.ThinkofPlans22.Step2 B.LookforAnswers23.Step3 C.AskQuestionsD.ShareIdeasBSerenalookedupfromherphonewhensheheardaloud“POP”.Aflattire!“Thisismakingtheboringtripevenworse,“shethoughttoherself.“Nobigdeal!We’llcontinueouradventuresoon!”Herdadjumpedouttochangethetire.“Whatkindofadventureisthis?!We’redrivinginabrokencar,allthewaythroughSouthDakota,justtoseesomeoldpresidents’headsinahugerock!There’snothingfuninthat!”Serenathoughtandreturnedtoherphone.“What’ssointerestingonyourphone?”herbrotherTonyaskedCuriously.“Allysharedpicturesfromhervacation.She’sonarealadventureinAfrica!Look!Elephants!Hippos!Evenlions!”shesaid.“That’samazing!”Tonyagreed.“You’llhavetosharepicturesofourtrip.““YoumeanpicturesofDadchangingaflattireinthemiddleofnowhere?Whowouldwanttoseethat?”“Butthat’sthegreatthingaboutthiswholetrip!”Tonysaidexcitedly.“Wehavenoideawhat’sgoingtohappen,orwhatsurpriseswemighthave!We’reonatrueadventure.”Tonycontinued,“Ireadthatthere’sanamazingplaceouthere.Ifoundpicturesonline.Lookhowamazingtheyare!”SerenaputdownherphoneasTonyintroducedpicturesoftheancientanimalsandotherinterestingthingsabouthere.Shelookedoutofthewindow,wonderingwhentheycouldgetthere.Butthensheheldherbreath.Justontheothersideoftheroad,wasaherdofbison(一群野牛)walkingslowlythroughthegrasses.She’dneverseenanythinglikethemthisclosebefore!“Well,Ididn’texpectthat!Maybewe’regoingtohavearealadventureafterall,”saidSerenaasshequicklytookapicturethroughthewindow.“Exactly!Nowlookhowwonderfultheviewisatthemoment!”Tonysaid.“Andallbecausewegotaflattire.”24.HowdidSerenafeelaboutthetripatfirst?A.Bored. B.Worried. C.Interested. D.Surprised.25.WhydidTonyshowSerenathepicturesonline?A.Toshowtheirtripcanbeamazingtoo.B.Toaskhertocompetewithherfriends.C.Toprovehewasgoodattakingpictures.D.Toencouragehertostudyancientanimals.26.WhatdidSerenalearnfromthetrip?A.Theimportanceofhistory. B.Themeaningoffamilytoher.C.Thewaysofsolvingproblems. D.Thevalueoflivinginthemoment.CPeopleusedtoseelotsofplasticsontheseasurface.Nowinastudy,researchershavefoundthatthemicroplasticpollutionindeepwaterismuchmoreseriousthanthatontheseasurface.“Whatwe’veknownaboutmicroplastichasbeenfromtheseasurface,“saysKyleVanHoutan,“butthisstudysuggeststhere’salargeramountthat’sunnoticed.“Microplasticsaresmallpiecesthatbreakfromplasticbottlesorbagsastheychangetosimplerchemicalformsintheenvironment.Theyhavedifferentsizesandcanbefoundanywhere,includingintheoceans,lakes,soilandevenblowingintheairTostudymicroplasticpollutionindeepsea,Houtan’steamcollectedsamples(樣本)intheseabyusingaROV(遙控潛水器).AstheROVwentdownfrom5to1,000metersbelowtheseasurface,aspecially-designedmachinefiltered(過濾)thesamplewaterandkeptthesmallparticles(微粒).Backinthelab,theteamusedaspecialmachinetofindoutthetypesofplasticpresent.Althoughtheresearchersfoundmicroplasticwaseverywhere,theamountoftheparticleswasnotevenlyspreadinthewater.Themidwater,180to460metersbelowthesurface,heldthehighestamountofmicroplasticpollution,aboutfourtimesasmuchasonthesurface.VanHoutanthinksthismaybebecausewhenplasticbreaksdownintoever-smallerpieces,theyarecoveredwithbiologicalmaterial,whichcausesthemtogodownintothedeep-seaareaTheirfindingsarebasedonlyonacertainarea,andiftheresultsholdforthewideroceanenvironment,theamountofplasticinthemidwaterwouldbeworrying,becausethisiskeylivingenvironmentformostseaanimals.Theseparticles,whichhaveharmfulchemicals,cangointothefoodwebsatboththeocean’ssurfaceandseafloor,andcaninfluencereproductionofseaanimals.Thefinaleffectremainsunknown,butwhatisforcertain,Houtansays,isthat“thisisaseriousproblem,anditshowshumanscanchangenaturalsystems.“Yetinotherways,“theresultsareencouraging,“hesays.Sincemostofthemicroplasticwastecomesfromsingle-useplastic,thismeanswecouldreducemicroplasticpollutionbycuttingdownontheproductionanduseoftheunnecessaryplasticproducts.27.Houtan’steamusedROVto____________________.A.filterthesamplewater B.collectsamplesintheseaC.examinethechemicals D.recordthedepthofwater28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Theseasurfaceisthemostseriouslypolluted.B.Deep-seaanimalswilldieoutinthenearfuture.C.Themidwaterholdsthemostmicroplasticparticles.D.Biologicalmaterialdestroysthefoodwebsindeepsea.29.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toremindpeopletoreduceplasticwaste.B.Toexplaincausesofmicroplasticpollution.C.Tointroducechangesintheoceanecosystem.D.Toadvisepeopletorecyclesingle-useproducts.DMostofusprobablyhavetoldalieatonetimeoranother.Someliesareharmful.Somearemostlyharmless.Stillotherliesmayevenhecreatedwithkindness.Butwhateverkindoflieyoutell,ittakessurprisingbrainpowertopullitoff.Lyingalsocanhaveunwantedinfluences,too.Whenyoutellthetruth,youthinkofwhatyouwanttosayandjustsayit.However,lyingtakesmuchmorework—youhavetocomeupwithastoryandrememberit.Alotofthatworkisdoneinabrainareacalledtheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮層).It’sresponsibleforworkingmemoryandexecutivefunction(執(zhí)行功能)taskssuchasplanning,problem-solvingandself-control.Workingmemorykeepsthingsinmindjustforalittlewhileasyou’reusingthem.Executivefunctioncomesintoplaywhenyouuseself-controltokeepfromblurtingout(脫口而出)thefactsthatwoulduncoveryourlie.Ithelpsyourecallallthedetailsofalietomakesurethatitsoundsbelievable.Italsoletsyouthinkasteportwoaheadtomakesurethelieyou’retellingwilllikelyholduptoquestioning.Callingonyourexecutivefunctionthiswayusesupalotofbrainpower.Vendemia,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,didaresearchandhasfoundthatpeople’smentalworkloadwillbeheavierandtheirreactiontimelongerwhentheylie.Worsestill,whentheprefrontalcortexisbusywithtasksrelatedtolying,shenotes,ithasahardertimedoingothertaskssuchasmakingastudyplanorusingself-controltokeepfromspendingtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.Lyinghassocialinfluences,too.Eventhekindestliescansometimesberiskyandoftenbackfire.Whenyougivedishonestpraise,youmaymakeyourfriendsfeelgoodatfirst.Butifyoudoitoftenenough,they’llsoonlearnthattheycan’ttrustyourpraise.Peoplegenerallyvaluehonestyanddon’tlikeliars,soifyouareviewedasuntrustworthy,itcanbebadforyourrelationships.It’swidelyagreedthatnearlyallculturesvaluehonesty,andnowscienceisrevealing(揭示)howdishonestyinfluencesthebrainandyourabilitytobuildthetrustonwhichstrongrelationshipsdepend.So,evenwhenlyingdoesn’tstretchyournose,itstillcomesatapricethatyoucan’tafford.30.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_________________.A.whyself-controlbenefitsthebrain B.whatsocialinfluenceslyingcanbringC.howthebrainworkswhenpeoplelie D.whenexecutivefunctioncomesintoplay31.Whatcanwelearnaboutlyingfromthepassage?A.Lyingimprovesworkingmemory.B.Coveringliestakesmuchbrainpower.C.Thenatureofliesisdecidedbythebrain.D.People’sreactioncanbespedupbylying.32.Theunderlinedword“backfire”inParagraph4probablymeans“______________”.A.leadtoseriousaccidents B.helptowinfullsupportC.buildupstrongrelationships D.havetheoppositeeffect33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SignsofLyingB.CostsofLyingC.CausesofLiesD.TypesofLies第二部分本部分共5題,共20分。根據(jù)題目要求,完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。四、閱讀表達(第34-36題每題2分,第37題4分,共10分)閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。DoctorsinBristolcansendpatientsonafreecoursefromthismonth,whichusesstand-upcomedytohelppatientswhoarefightingwithtrauma(創(chuàng)傷).Thecoursewaspioneeredbyacomedian,AngieBelcher.It’sbelievedthatcomedyisineveryoneofus,andweareallborncomedians.Everynightwecomehomefromworkandtellourfamilywhatourdayswerelike,butonthewayhomewe’llworkonthedetails,andtrytomakeourstoriesfunniertoamuseourfamilies.AccordingtoAngieBelcher,professionalcomedyeducationistogivepeoplethetoolstomakethestoriesbetter.Thecourseisacombinationofpsychology(心理學),comedyandstorytellinganditwilllastsixweeks.Infact,pasttraumasareperfectforcomedy.Comedydoesn’tcomefromthehappy,perfectmomentsofourlives,butfromoureverydaylifeevents.Peoplewho’vebeenthroughbiglifeexperiences,suchasthedeathofaclosefriendandpoorhealth,oftencan’twaittosharetheirstories,mostlybecausethere’salwayssomethingstrangelyfunnyaboutthesituation.Expertssaythatwecanacceptandhonorthecomedyofasituation,asmuchasthesadnessofit.It’sashortperiodofrestfromsomethingunpleasant.Angie,whohasamaster’sdegreeinpsychology,saysthecourseisforanyonewhoisreadytoexploretheirtraumathroughcomedy.Itcanbetakenbypeopleinrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblemsandpeoplewho’vehadtrauma.There’slotsofone-to-onehelpintheroomtoo.Thecomediansgivepeopleahandtowritetheircomedyandexploresomedarktimesfromtheirhistory.Whilethecoursecan’ttaketheplaceofmedicaltreatment,talkingaboutourtraumainafunnywayindeedhelps.Comedycanhelptobuildcommunity.Whenwebringourstoriesaliveforothers,itmakesotherpeoplefeellessalone.Havingourexperiencesmirroredbacktousishugelycomforting.34.Whopioneeredthefreecourse?35.Howlongwillthecourselast?36.Wheredoescomedycomefromaccordingtothepassage?37.YourfriendPeterisnowgoingthroughatrauma.Wouldyouliketoadvisehimtotakethecoursementionedinthepassage?Whyorwhynot?五、文段表達(10分)38.從下面兩個題目中任選一題,根據(jù)中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作。文中已給出內(nèi)容不計入總詞數(shù)。所給提示詞語僅供選用。請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。題目①假如你是李華,你校英語公眾號將推出以“科技”為主題的系列推送。請你用英文給公眾號留言,介紹一個你認為最實用的設(shè)備(device)或應(yīng)用程序(app),并描述它給生活帶來的便利。提示詞語：technology,communicate,learn,convenient,time-saving提示問題：●Whatdeviceorappdoyouwanttointroduce?●Whatbenefitsdoesitbringtopeople?Technologyisnowbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourlife.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________題目②積極求助是一種生活智慧。它能幫我們找到方向,帶我們走出迷茫。某英文網(wǎng)站正在開展以“積極求助”為主題的征文活動。假如你是李華,請用英文寫一篇短文投稿,介紹你向他人求助的一次經(jīng)歷,以及你的收獲。提示詞語：problem,encourage,explain,improve,confidence提示問題：●Whatisyourstoryofaskingforhelp?●Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Askingforhelpplaysanimportantroleinourlife.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案一、單項選擇(每題0.5分，共6分)1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B11.C12.A二、完形填空(每題1分，共8分)13.D14.C15.C16.B17.A18.B.19.D20.A三、閱讀理解(每題2分，共26分)21.C22.B23.D24.A25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.B32.A33.B四、閱讀表達(每題2分，共10分)34.Acomedian,AngieBelcher.35.Forsixweeks.36.Itcomesfromoureverydaylifeevents.37.Yes,Iwouldliketo.Becausethecoursecantalkingabouttraumainafunnywayhelps,andtroughthecourse,peoplecanfeelmorecomfortableandlessalone.五、文段表達參考范文題目①Technologyisnowbecomingmoreandmoreimportantin