高中英語人教版選修7Unit3UndertheSeaperiod2教案2

Unit3UndertheSeaTheuseofVingVing作動名詞時具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語、表語、賓語、定語,有時它可以有自己的邏輯主語,也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式。一、Ving形式的名詞特征Ving形式否定形式為notdoing，具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。Layingeggsistheantqueen’sfulltimejob.主語Herjobisteaching.表語Heisfondofplayingfootball.賓語developingcountries定語workingpeople定語二、Ving形式作主語1．Ving形式作主語表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.大聲朗讀對我們學習一門外語是很重要的。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.早睡早起被認為是一種好習慣。Ving形式在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.在這兒等沒好處，咱們回家吧。Itisnouseyourplaining;thepanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會管的。②Ving形式在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile/worth等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.用這種方法去測量光速是危險的。Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.很值得再向你的指導老師咨詢一下這個問題。③Ving形式在“Thereis(was)no+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵賴這個事實，中國自它成立以來已在各個方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。Thereisnolitteringabout.不許亂扔雜物。⒉Ving作賓語①有些動詞后面要求跟Ving作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有：admit承認；excuse原諒；postpone拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象practice練習；appreciate欣賞；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forbid禁止；propose建議；consider考慮；forgive寬?。籨elay耽擱；imagine想象；resent厭惡；deny否認；resist抵制；keep保留；risk冒險；dislike討厭；mind在意；miss錯過；suggest建議；enjoy喜歡；pardon原諒；escape逃避Hemanagedtoescapesufferingfromthedisease.他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。Prof.Smithconsideredgivinghisstudentsareadinglistbeforetheystartedthenextchapter.史密斯教授考慮在學生們學習下一章之前給他們一份讀書清單。Whenhecamebackhomefromhisnightshift,Jasontriedtoavoidwakeninghisfamily.當杰遜下夜班回到家時，他盡力不弄醒他的家人。Thesuspectdeniedturningontheputerintheofficethatnight.犯罪嫌疑人否認他那晚開過辦公室的電腦。②有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞短語有：can’tstand忍不??；can’thelp忍不住；feellike想欲；giveup放棄；putoff推遲Afterhearingthefunnystory,allofuscouldn'thelplaughingeartoear.聽完了那個滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α?。Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?你要不要去散步？③Ving形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語后做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有：insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon,seeabout,taketo等。I'mlookingforwardtoyouringnexttime.我期待著您下一次的到來。Thankyouforofferingmesomuchhelp.感謝你們給我提供了這么多的幫助。Heisfondofwatchingsportsgames.他喜歡觀看體育競賽。④在“havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+Ving形式；bebusy(in)+Ving形式；wastetime(in)+Ving形式；losttime(in)+Ving形式；Thereisnopoint(in)+Ving形式”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，Ving形式做介詞賓語，in常要省去。Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。二、動名詞可具有時態(tài)意義動名詞可以像動詞那樣表現(xiàn)時態(tài)意義，有一般式（doing）和完成式（havingdone）之分。動名詞的時態(tài)意義是一個相對的概念，從屬于句中謂語動詞。一般式表示動名詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動作，沒有時間概念；完成式表示動名詞的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。Thesecretarywasscoldedfornothavingfinishedtypingthereportintime.那位秘書因沒有按時將報告打印出來而受責備。(動名詞的完成時態(tài))Iregrethavingsaidsomerudewordstomybrother.我后悔對我弟弟說了些粗話。Wehavenoideaoftheirhavingdonesuchkindofthing.我們不知道他們干過這種事情。注意①在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。Yourcarneedsfilling.你這車要充氣了。Thiscitydeservesvisiting.這座城市值得光顧一下。Theproblemrequiresstudyingcarefully.這個問題需要認真研究。Thetreeswantwatering.這些樹需要澆水了。②在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.Thebookisworthreading.③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.Exercises1.Thethiefenteredtheroomwithout_____.A.noticingB.beingnoticedC.havingnoticedD.havingbeennoticed2.Besides_____,sheiskindandtender.A.beautifulB.beingbeautifulC.shebeautifulD.isbeautiful3.Heapologizedfor_____.A.hisnotbeingabletoeB.hisbeingnotabletoeC.hisbeingablenottoeD.himnotbeingabletoe4.Whenheheardthebignoise,Tomstopped_____and_____tothewindowtoseewhatwashappening.A.toread;wentB.reading;togoC.reading;goingD.reading;went5.Iambusy_____fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp_____houseworkathome.A.preparing;doingB.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doingD.toprepare;todo6.______theexamwilldisappointyourparents.A.YoufailingB.YourfailingC.YoufailD.Youtofail7._____thesamemistakeagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.HisbeingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Hismaking8.Idon'tthinkit'smuchgood_____tohim.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.written9.Suchbooksarenotworthy_____atall.A.ofbeingreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toread10.Itisnouse________withoutthrough_________.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;understandD.read;tounderstand11.Sorry,wedon’tallow__________inthelectureroom.A.tosmokeB.smokeC.smokingD.tosmoking12.Theydon’tpermit__________noiseher.A.tomakeB.makeC.makingD.made13.Thesentencewants__________oncemore.A.toexplainB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.tobeexplainedit14.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed__________.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch15.Alisaidthatshewouldn’t’mind_________aloneathome.A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leaving16.She__________t