手工編程-數(shù)控銑床編程實例分析一典型型腔類塑件模具的設(shè)計

數(shù)控機床操作須知一、一般須知1.零件加工前，一定要首先檢查機床的正常運行。加工前，一定要通過試車保證機床正確工作，如利用單程序段，進給倍率，機械鎖住等，在機床上不裝工件和刀具時檢查機床的正確運行。如果未能確認機床動作的正確性，機床可能出現(xiàn)誤動作，可能損壞工件、機床或傷害用戶。2.作機床之前，仔細地檢查輸入的數(shù)據(jù)。如果使用了不正確的數(shù)據(jù)，機床可能誤動作，可能引起工件的損壞、機床本身的損壞或使用戶受傷。3.確保指定的進給速度與想要進行的機床操作想適應(yīng)，通常，機床都有最大許可速度。合適的進給速度根據(jù)不同的操作而變化。請參閱隨機床廠提供的說明書來確定最大的進給速度。如果沒有使用了正確的速度進行操作，機床有可能發(fā)生誤動作，從而引起工件或機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及用戶。4.當(dāng)使用刀具補償功能時，請仔細檢查補償方向和補償量。使用不正確的指定數(shù)據(jù)操作機床，機床可能誤動作，從而有可能引起工件或機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及用戶。5.CNC和PMC的參數(shù)都是機床廠設(shè)置的，通常不需要修改，當(dāng)必須修改參數(shù)的時候，請確保改動參數(shù)之前對參數(shù)的功能有深入全面的了解。如果不能對參數(shù)進行正確的設(shè)置，有可能引起機床的誤動作，可能損壞工件、機床本身或傷害用戶。6．在機床通電后，CNC裝置尚未出現(xiàn)位置顯示或報警畫面之前，請不要碰MDI面板上的任何鍵。MDI面板上的有些鍵專門用于維護和特殊的操作。按下這其中的任何鍵，可能使CNC裝置處于非正常狀態(tài)。在這種狀態(tài)下啟動機床，有可能引起機床的誤動作。7.隨CNC裝置提供的操作說明書和編程說明書對機床的功能進行了完整的敘述，包括各種可選功能?？蛇x功能隨機床而變化。因此，本說明書敘述的某些功能，對特定機床實際上并不適用。如有疑問，請查閱機床說明書。二．編程須知1．坐標系的設(shè)定如果沒有設(shè)置正確的坐標系，盡管指令是正確的，但機床有可能并不按你想象的動作運動。這種誤動作有可能損壞刀具、機床、工件甚至傷害用戶。2．非線性運動定位當(dāng)進行非線性移動的定位時（在起點和中點之間，利用非線性運動進行定位），在編程之前請仔細確認刀具路徑的正確性。這種頂位為快速移動，如果刀具和工件發(fā)生了碰撞，有可能損壞刀具、機床、工件甚至傷害用戶。3.回轉(zhuǎn)軸的功能當(dāng)編制極坐標插補或法線方向（垂直）控制時，請?zhí)貏e注意旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的轉(zhuǎn)速。不正確的編輯有可能導(dǎo)致回轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)速過高，如果工件安裝不牢，由于離心力過大會甩出工件從而導(dǎo)致事故。這樣的事故會導(dǎo)致刀具、機床損壞、甚至傷及用戶。4.英制/公制轉(zhuǎn)換在輸入的英制和公制之間轉(zhuǎn)換時，沒有變更數(shù)據(jù)（比如工件的原點、參數(shù)、和當(dāng)前的位置）的測量單位。因此，在開動機床之前，要確定測量采用那種單位制。如果試圖采用不正確的數(shù)據(jù)進行操作會導(dǎo)致刀具、機床損壞，甚至傷及用戶。5.恒表面切削速度的控制當(dāng)進行恒定端面切削速度控制的坐標軸逼近工件坐標原點時，主軸的速度可能變的非常高，因此，有必要指定最大的允許速度。如果指定的最大速度不合適，有可能損壞刀具、機床本身、工件甚至傷及用戶。6.行程檢查在接通機床電源后，需要進行手動返回參考點。在手動返回參考點前，行程檢查功能不能用。注意當(dāng)進行行程檢查時，即使出現(xiàn)超程，系統(tǒng)也不會發(fā)出警報，這也許會造成刀具、機床本身、工件的損壞，甚至傷及用戶。7.絕對值/增量值方式如果用絕對坐標編制的程序在增量方式下使用時，或者反過來，機床有可能不按預(yù)想的進行運動。8.平面選擇在圓弧插補、螺旋插補或固定循環(huán)時如果使用的平面不正確，機床可能不按預(yù)想的進行動作，請參閱相關(guān)功能功的詳細敘述。9.可編程鏡像功能當(dāng)執(zhí)行可編程鏡像功能時，機床按鏡像的坐標值運動。10.補償功能如果在補償功能方式下，發(fā)出基于機床坐標系的運動命令或參考點返回命令，補償就回暫時取消，這可能會引起機床不可預(yù)想的運動。因此在發(fā)出以上命令之前，請先取消補償功能。三．機床操作須知1.手動操作當(dāng)手動操作機床時，要確定刀具和工件的當(dāng)前位置并保證正確的指定了運動軸，方向和進給速度。2.手動返回參考點接通電源后，請執(zhí)行手動返回參考點位置。如果機床沒有執(zhí)行手動返回參考點就進行操作，機床的運動不可預(yù)料。行程檢查功能在執(zhí)行手動返回參考點之前不能執(zhí)行。機床的誤動作有可能造成刀具、機床本身和工件的損壞，甚至傷及用戶。3.手輪進給在手輪進給時，在交大的倍率（比如100）下旋轉(zhuǎn)手輪，刀具和工件臺會快速移動。大速率的手輪移動有可能會造成刀具和機床的損壞，或者傷害用戶。4.倍率禁止在螺紋加工、剛性攻絲或其它攻絲期間，如果倍率被禁止（根據(jù)宏變量的規(guī)定），速度不能預(yù)測，可能會造成刀具、機床本身和工件的損壞，或者傷害用戶。5.清原點/原點預(yù)置操作一般來說，在機床按照程序運行時，不要進行清除原點或原點預(yù)置操作。否則，機床有可能出現(xiàn)誤動作，這會造成刀具、機床本身的損壞，甚至傷及用戶。6.工件坐標系的偏移手動干預(yù)，機械鎖住，或鏡像可能移動工件坐標系。用程序控制機床前，請仔細確認坐標系。用程序控制機床的運行時，如果程序不允許有坐標系移動，任何坐標原點的移動都會使機床產(chǎn)生誤動作，造成刀具、機床本身或工件的損壞，甚至傷及機床用戶。7.軟操作面板和菜單開關(guān)組合使用MDI面板、軟操作面板和菜單開關(guān)，可以指定機床操作面板上沒有的操作功能例如方式切換，倍率值改變和手動進給等。注意：如果對MDI面板按鍵誤操作，機床可能會出現(xiàn)誤動作，會導(dǎo)致刀具、機床本身和工件的損壞，或傷害用戶。8.人工干預(yù)如果在機床處于程序控制時進行人工干預(yù)，當(dāng)重新啟動程序時，刀具運動軌跡有可能變化。因此，在人工干預(yù)后重新啟動程序之前，請確認手動絕對值開關(guān)，參數(shù)和絕對值/增量值命令方式的設(shè)定。9.進給暫停，倍率和單程序段運行進給暫停，倍率和單程序段功能可以用系統(tǒng)的用戶宏變量#3004取消，在這種狀態(tài)下操作機床請當(dāng)心。10.空運轉(zhuǎn)通常，使用空運轉(zhuǎn)來確認機床運行的正確性。在空運轉(zhuǎn)期間，機床以空運轉(zhuǎn)的速度運動，這與程序編入的進給速度不一樣。注意，空運轉(zhuǎn)的速度有時比編程的進給速度高。11.在MDI方式中應(yīng)注意用命令指定的刀具軌跡，在MDI方式中不進行刀具半徑或刀尖半徑的補償。當(dāng)用MDI方式輸入命令中斷處于刀具半徑或刀尖半徑補償方式的自動操作時，請在自動運行方式恢復(fù)后特別注意刀具的路徑。請參閱相關(guān)功能的詳細敘述。12.程序編制機床在程序控制下運行時，如果在機床停止后進行加工程序的編輯（修改、插入或刪除），此后再次啟動機床恢復(fù)自動運行，機床將會發(fā)生不可預(yù)料的動作。一般來說，當(dāng)加工程序還在使用時，請不要修改、插入或者刪除其中的命令。程序1：銑平面O0101N0009T01M98P9000N0010G00G90G17G54X4Y0N0011G43Z100H01N0012S1000M03N0030#1=-1N0040X4Y-10N0050G01Z#01F100N0060G91N0070G01Y110N0080X15N0090Y-100N0100X15N0110Y100N0120X15N0130Y-100N0140X15N0150Y100N0160X15N0170Y-100N0180X15N0200Y100N0210G00Z100N0220#01=#01-1N0160IF[#01GT-2.01]GOTO0040N0170G00Z100M05N0180M30程序2：銑邊框O0102N0009T01N0010G00G90G17G54X-0.5Y-10.N0020G43Z100.H01N0030S1000M03N0040Z5.N0050#01=-1.1N0060X-0.5Y-10.N0070G01Z#01F250N0080Y100.5F150N0090X100.5N0100Y-0.5N0110X-10.N0120G00Z5.N0130#01=#01-1.1N0140IF[#01GT-6.61]GOTO0060N0150G00Z100.M05N0160M30程序3：銑槽即筋槽O0103N0009T02M98P900N0010G00G90G17G54X71.1Y7N0020G43Z100H02N0030S2500M03N0040G00Z5N0050#01=-0.5N0060X71.1Y7N0070G01Z#01F100N0080Y95F80N0090G00X31.95N0100G01Y7N0110G00Z10N0120X7Y28.45N0130G01Z#01F250N0140X95F80N0150G00Y71.1N0160G01X5N0170G00Z10N0180#01=#01-05N0190IF[#01GT-2.51]GOTO0060N0200G00Z100M05N0210M30程序4：銑槽左下槽O0104N0009T03N0010G00G90G17G54X35.45Y48.35N0020G43Z100H03N0030S1500M03N0040G00Z5N0050#01=-2.2N0060G00X35.45Y48.35N0070G01Z#01F100N0080X31.95F100N0090Y35.65N0100X23.08Y30.53N0110X27.33Y23.17N0120X36.2Y28.29N0130X45.07Y23.17N0140X49.32Y30.53N0150X40.45Y35.65N0160Y48.35N0170X35.45N0180Y33.63N0190X27.86Y29.25N0200X28.86Y27.52N0210X36.7Y32.05N0220X43.79Y27.95N0230X44.79Y29.68N0240X37.45Y33.92N0250Y45N0260G00Z10N0270#01=#01-2.2N0280IF[#01GT-6.61]GOTO0060N0290G00Z100M05N0300M30程序5：銑槽左上槽O0105N0009T03N0010G00G90G17G54X22.3Y75.35N0020G43Z100H03N0030S1500M03N0040G00Z5N0050#01=-2.2N0060G00X22.3Y75.35N0070G01Z#01F250N0080Y66.85F100N0090X50.1N0100Y75.35N0110X22.3N0120Y71.85N0130X50.1N0140Y69.35N0150X22.3N0260G00Z10N0270#01=#01-2.2N0280IF[#01GT-6.61]GOTO0060N0290G00Z100M05N0300M30程序6：銑槽右槽O0106N0009T03N0010G00G90G17G54X65.05Y36.1N0020G43Z100H03N0030S1500M03N0040G00Z5N0050#01=-2.2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