高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試第一部分第一章語法填空含解析

第一部分語法知識(shí)第一章語法填空語法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的短文中比較均勻地挖出10個(gè)空白，讓考生填入符合語境和語法的內(nèi)容，目的是考查學(xué)生理解語篇、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及熟練運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)的能力。試題分“有提示詞”和“無提示詞”兩種類型，以“實(shí)詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”，從詞法、句法、行文邏輯三個(gè)角度命題，試題難度一般。近兩年全國卷命題視角考點(diǎn)20162015Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)12221非謂語動(dòng)詞21223從句的引導(dǎo)詞11111名詞22211形容詞(含比較級)01011副詞11111并列連詞00100助動(dòng)詞00000冠詞11001介詞11111代詞10010命題規(guī)律]試題本著“突出語境，重在運(yùn)用”的原則，考查學(xué)生在真實(shí)語境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞法和語法知識(shí)的能力。無提示詞的題目主要考查“行文邏輯、冠詞、連詞、助動(dòng)詞、介詞、引導(dǎo)詞”等，有提示詞的題目則主要考查“動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞”等。Passage1(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)59430001)(2016·全國Ⅰ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia'sbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop61.________(attract)．Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot－for－profitPandaBase，whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I62.________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600－acrecentre.Fromtomorrow，IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63.________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64.________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,65.________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66.________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67.________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120－pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit，Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68.________(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69.________(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle－fed,70.________otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。成都涌現(xiàn)出很多百萬富翁，亞洲最大的建筑以及豪華酒店，但這對于作者這樣的游客來說，熊貓才是那里的魅力所在。作者與熊貓結(jié)下了不解之緣，被邀請擔(dān)任成都熊貓基地在英國宣傳大熊貓的大使，以前做記者時(shí)，還拍攝過關(guān)愛熊貓的片子呢。61．解析：考查名詞的用法?？崭袂坝行稳菰~和物主代詞，因此要用其名詞形式。答案：attraction62．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境及allowsbtodosth這一固定句式可知，此處要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。答案：wasallowed63．解析：考查副詞的用法。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞形式。答案：officially64．解析：考查固定短語。gobackto為固定短語，意思是“回到，追溯到”。答案：to65．解析：考查定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷這是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的inthemid－1980s，從句中缺少狀語，因此填寫關(guān)系副詞when。答案：when66．解析：考查過去分詞的用法。因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語動(dòng)詞was，故此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。答案：permitted67．解析：考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，introduce作謂語動(dòng)詞include的賓語。而Britishvisitors是introduce這一動(dòng)作的承受者。故用動(dòng)名詞形式。答案：introducing68．解析：考查物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)空格后的名詞及前文中的“alivelythree－month－oldtwin”可知要用形容詞性物主代詞。答案：its69．解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為days。答案：days70．解析：考查固定搭配中冠詞的用法。由前文中的關(guān)鍵詞“twin”“one”可知這里考查one...theother...(一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)的用法。故答案為the。答案：thePassage2(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)59430002)(2016·全國Ⅱ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof41.________(great)andlessimportance.Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof42.________(achieve)．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43.________(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused44.________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So，getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45.________possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46.________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47.________(regular)．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor 48.________while，exercising，ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，you'llbelesslikely49.________(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—butwhateveritis，50.________(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是當(dāng)我們在工作中感到壓力巨大時(shí)，應(yīng)該如何合理釋放這些壓力：優(yōu)先處理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期間定期休息等。41．解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)后面的andless可知，此處也要用比較級形式。答案：greater42．解析：考查名詞的用法。介詞of后要用名詞作賓語。固定表達(dá)asenseofachievement“成就感”。答案：achievement43．解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語為動(dòng)名詞短語leavingtheless...，動(dòng)名詞作主語謂語要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且這里說的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故要用is。答案：is44．解析：考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時(shí)候的注意力更集中。固定短語befocusedon“專心于，集中于”。答案：on45．解析：考查固定表達(dá)。正是因?yàn)槿藗冊绯康淖⒁饬Ω鼮榧?，所以我們要早起，并在午飯之前盡可能的高效。固定表達(dá)as...aspossible“盡可能……”。答案：as46．解析：考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動(dòng)詞show可知，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：studies47．解析：考查副詞的用法。如果我們定期休息的話。此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語takeshortbreaks，故要用副詞形式。答案：regularly48．解析：考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和大腦休息一會(huì)。固定表達(dá)forawhile“一會(huì)兒”。答案：a49．解析：考查不定式的用法。固定表達(dá)belikelytodo...“很可能做某事”。答案：tobring50．解析：考查祈使句中的動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，故謂語要用動(dòng)詞原形。答案：makePassage3(2016·全國Ⅲ卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso－called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，61.________Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong，thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic，animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight62.________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal63.________(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,64.________(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,65.________thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich66.________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,67.________livedfromroughly551to479BC，influencedthe68.________(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand69.________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat70.________theirhands.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞洲一些國家中的吃飯工具——筷子。61．解析：考查連詞。China，Japan，Korea，Vietnam是并列關(guān)系。答案：and62．解析：考查語態(tài)?？曜邮潜恢圃斓?。bemadeof“用……制成”。答案：bemade63．解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：tocreate64．解析：考查分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。答案：using65．解析：考查連詞。as/when“當(dāng)……時(shí)，隨著……”。答案：as/when66．解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。答案：gradually67．解析：考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，故用who。答案：who68．解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語。答案：development69．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。and連接的并列句的主語都是knives，故填were。答案：were70．解析：考查介詞。固定短語：withone'shands“用某人的手”。答案：with一、真題再現(xiàn)Passage1(2015·全國Ⅰ卷)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours62.________，I'dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63.________(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.I'dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.________(painting)．Instead，I'dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it'sonlyanhouraway66.________carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter－knowncity.Yangshuo67.________(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69.________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了桂林的著名旅游景點(diǎn)陽朔。61．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。主句為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此when連接的時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故本空填arrived。答案：arrived62．解析：考查副詞。本句為過去完成時(shí)，描述的是作者來陽朔之前的情況，因此填副詞before/earlier。答案：before/earlier63．解析：考查代詞。這里指香港的污濁空氣，因此填物主代詞its“它的”，指香港的。答案：its64．解析：考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞“thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver”，且在從句中作主語，因此本空填關(guān)系代詞that/which。答案：that/which65．解析：考查名詞。由前面的短語“somany”可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)paintings。答案：paintings66．解析：考查固定搭配。從桂林乘車到這里僅用一個(gè)小時(shí)。bycar“乘汽車”。答案：by67．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句描述陽朔景色之美，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案：is68．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。空處為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾“Astudyoftravelers”。答案：conducted69．解析：考查副詞。本空修飾動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)填regularly。答案：regularly70．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幣c“people”之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。答案：livingPassage2(2015·全國Ⅱ卷)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.________(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout44.________(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.________(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;47.________thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.________(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，重點(diǎn)介紹了美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。41．解析：考查過去分詞短語作定語。本句主語是Theadobedwellings，謂語是areadmired，因此空白處不需要謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作定語表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。答案：built42．解析：考查形容詞最高級的用法。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。答案：the43．解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。答案：ability44．解析：考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語的用法。介詞without之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。答案：using45．解析：考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的用法。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。答案：slowly46．解析：考查不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語的用法。這是enoughtodo句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。答案：tocool47．解析：考查介詞。atthesametime表示“同時(shí)”，是固定搭配。答案：at48．解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合語境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。主語為Thiscycle，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。答案：goes49．解析：考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。答案：natural50．解析：考查賓語從句。這里是賓語從句，修飾形容詞thick應(yīng)用副詞how。答案：how二、提升演練Passage1Onehotsummerday，Iboughtasmallboatwhenmyfamilyspentvacation1.________(enjoy)thebeachesofbeautifulGulfshores.Bothofmydaughtersplayedalldayintheboat.Laterthelittleonegot2.________(tire)．Therefore，Itookhertoourspotonthesandasmyeldergirlcontinuedtoplayintheboat.Buttheboatwithmyelderdaughterinitwasgraduallymovingfaroutfromtheshore.Icalledtohertocome3.________(close)totheshoreandsheseemedtobefrightened.Allshecoulddowasto4.________(paddle)hardtoonesideandtheboatwasjustmakingsmallcircles.Istoodasfaroutinthewater，shouting5.________(instruct)toher.6.________(fortunate)，someteenagersonaboatnotfarfromher7.________(notice)whatw