高考英語二輪語法精講精練-名詞性從句

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載高考英語二輪語法詞匯復習系列第十章名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses)。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。高考重點要求：掌握主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、表語從句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)弄清名詞性從句的連詞的用法和意義根據(jù)句子語義確定使用何種從屬連詞知識點概述一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為兩類：1.名詞性that從句，即以that為連接詞的名詞性從句。that只能起連接主句和從句的作用，不充當從句的任何成分，無詞義。2.名詞性wh-從句，即以wh-詞連接的名詞性從句。Wh-詞包括：連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why連接詞whether,if不充當句子的任何成分。二、主語從句1.用作主語的從句叫主語從句。that從句作主語，that不能省略?！鳷hathelikessuchkindofbooksisveryinteresting.他喜歡這種書是非常有趣的?！鳺hetherhewillbeabletocomeremainsaquestion.他是否能夠來仍然是一個問題?！鳺hatheislookingforisnoneofyourbusiness.他在找什么與你無關(guān)。2.很多主語從句都可以用that作形式主語。例如：Itisveryinterestingthathelikessuchkindofbooks.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillbeabletocome.3.It作形式主語主要包括以下幾種類型和搭配關(guān)系：1）It+be+adj.+從句

Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.

2）It+be+n.+從句

Itisapitythathemissedthelecture.3）It+be+過去分詞+從句

Itissaidthattheyhavewonthegame.4）It+be+vi.+從句Itseemsthatsomethingiswrongwiththecomputer.三、表語從句表語從句在句中作表語，它位于主句的聯(lián)系動詞之后。that從句作表語，that不能省略。表語從句只用whether，不用if?！鳷heproblemisthatsmokerscannotgowithoutsmoking.問題是抽煙的人不抽煙就會感到難受?！鳷hequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.問題是這是否值得做。▲Thisiswherehehasworkedforyears.這就是他多年工作的地方。四、賓語從句賓語從句在句中作賓語，引導賓語從句的that可以省略。whether和if可互換，但介詞賓語或有ornot時，用whether.▲Theyknowthatthehabitmaykillthem.他們知道這個習慣能使他們致死?！鳷heydoubtwhetherornotJackisagoodstudent.他們懷疑Jack是否是一個好學生?！鳷heywantedtoseewhichshopsofferedthebestadviceandservice.他們想了解哪家店提出的建議和提供的服務(wù)最好。五、同位語從句同位語從句中先行詞不充當從句成分，從句是用來解釋先行詞的內(nèi)容。That從句作同位語，that不能省略?！鳺ordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.消息傳來，我們的足球隊贏了比賽?！鳰ayIaskaquestionwhenthemeetingwillbeheld?我能否問個問題，會議什么時候舉行？第二節(jié)實戰(zhàn)演練一、復習時需注意的要點1.由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語2.主句和從句要保持時態(tài)上的一致性，從句還要保持陳述句語序。3.當從句是由選擇問句轉(zhuǎn)化而成時，一定要用whether構(gòu)成whether...or結(jié)構(gòu)。4.That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a.It+be+adj.+that從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明顯……b.It+be+過去分詞+that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat…從所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……c.It+be+n.+that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat…事實是……d.It+be+vi.+that從句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……5.選擇性疑問從句選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成，例如：PleasetellmewhethertheyareSwedishorDanish.請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、_____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.Whatisrequired B.WhatrequiresC.Itisrequired D.Itrequires答案為C【解析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+動詞的過去分詞+that引導主語從句。經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有say,report,think,hope,expect,consider,suggest等。例2、Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_________roadconditionsneed_________.A.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimprovedC.where...improvingD.when...improving答案為A?！窘馕觥靠疾橥徽Z從句。因為先行詞在從句中不作任何成份，因此用關(guān)系詞that，故B、C、D均不正確。對于第2個空格，need既可作實義動詞，又可作情態(tài)動詞。作實義動詞時后跟動詞不定式，即needtodosth.，另外roadconditions與improve之間是被動關(guān)系，因此是needtobeimproved(needtobedone=needdoing)。譯文：私家車受歡迎所涉及到的新問題是道路狀況需要改善。例3、_________madetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because答案為B?！窘馕觥縲hat引導主語從句，在主語從句中作主語；that引導表語從句，在表語從句中起連接作用。例4、There'safeelinginme_______we'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what答案為A?！窘馕觥客徽Z從句thatwe'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever作afeeling的同位語，解釋afeeling的具體內(nèi)容。that連接同位語從句時，只起連接作用不作從句的任何成分。譯文：我有一個這樣的感覺，我們不會知道什么是UFO——永遠不會。例5、Perseveranceisakindofquality—andthat's_______ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why答案為A?！窘馕觥窟@是一個表語從句，what在表語從句中作takes的賓語，構(gòu)成“Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。譯文：堅定不移是一種品質(zhì)——堅定不移使人們做好任何事情。例6、Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that答案為A?！窘馕觥窟@是一個賓語從句，wants后面缺少賓語，所以要填寫what。Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句諺語，意思是“永遠不折不扣地給予對方他想要的東西?！弊g文：當你在找工作面試回答問題時，請記住這條黃金定律：永遠不折不扣地給予對方他想要的東西。例7、Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as答案為B?！窘馕觥窟@是一個同位語從句。that引導從句作information的同位語，解釋information的具體內(nèi)容。注意：that和what引導名詞性從句(主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句)的區(qū)別：that引導名詞性從句，只起引導作用，在從句中不作成分。that引導賓語從句時，that可省略，而在其他三個從句中，that雖不作成份，一般也不省略；what在這四個名詞從句中一定作成分，作主語、賓語、表語或補語。譯文：有消息說，更多的中學畢業(yè)生將進入大學。例8、Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why答案選C?！窘馕觥窟@是一個表語從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能從重病中很快康復?！崩?、—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where答案為A?！窘馕觥窟@是一個why引導的表語從句，表示原因。這句話的意思是“這就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎?”例10、________shecouldn'tunderstandwas________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What...whyB.That...whatC.What...becauseD.Why...that答案選A。【解析】主語從句shecouldn'tunderstand缺少賓語，要用What引導。表語從句fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons是一個完整的句子，要用why引導，意思是“為什么越來越少的學生對她的課感興趣”。第三節(jié)鞏固練習Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.____the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinParisisnotknownyetA.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for3.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It4.ThewholefamilywereworriedaboutJanebecausenoonewasaware______shehadgone.A.thatwhere B.oftheplacewhich C.ofwhat D.ofwhere5._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter6.____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This7.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Thereason C.Whoever D.Who8.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where9.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who B.Theone C.Anyone D.Whoever10.Thequestionremains______thePartycanwinthemajorityofthepeople.A.that B.if C.whether D./11.Iremember____thisusedtobeaquietvillage. A.when B.how C.where D.what12.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywereexcited13.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.nomatterwho14.Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput15.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike16.Canyoutellme____?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman17.Theywanttoknow____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey18.Wouldyoupleasetellme____theairport?A.howIcangetto B.howcanIgetto C.whereIcangetto D.whereIcangetto19.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever20.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis21.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehadthedaybefore.A.that B.how C.where D.what22.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere23.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’show24.Itisimportant______youwinorlose;whatmattersishowyouplaythegame.A.whether B.asif C.whom D.that25.Therewasmuchcertainty______theboardofdirectorswouldagreetoourvariousproposalsforincreasingsales.A.which B.why C./ D.that26.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgone B.theredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone27.Greenland,____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargest B.thatisthelargest C.isthelargest D.thelargest28.____isnopossibility____BobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematchA.There…that B.It…that C.There…whether D.It…whether29.Wewillsoondiscusstheproblem______weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheanimalsandplantsinourregion.A.if B.whether C.that D.eversince30.____isquiteclear.A.Whereisthefighting B.WhyisthefightingC.Whatwaris D.Whatiswarbeing31.Thereason_______hedidn’tcometoourpartywas_______hetookamissingboybackhomeonhisway.A.why…because B.why…that C.that…why D.that…that32.____thatnotallgovernmentofficialsarehonest.A.Itseemstome B.Inmyopinion,IbelieveC.Mybelievingis D.Ithinkinmymind33.____ismoreandlessadvancedcanpassthetest.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.Astudent34._______landownershipinsomecountiesisunfair_______obvious.A.What…is B.Whether…are C.That…is D.If…is35.ThereasonIplantogois____ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillhaveadisappointmentD.onaccountofshewillbedisappointed36.Shewantedtoknow____.A.whetherIknewherandwheredidsheworkifIknowherandthefactorysheworkedtherewhetherIknewherandthefactorysheworkedifIknewherandthefactorywheresheworked37.Myfatherwouldn’ttellme____hisnewcar.A.howmuchhepaidfor B.howmuchdidhepayC.hepaidhowmuchfor D.didhepayhowmuch38.Asimpleexperimentshows____airhassomestrength.A.what B.that C.which D.who39.Ican’ttell______A.whatonemybrotherlikesbestwhichonemybrotherlikesbestthatonedoesmybrotherlikebestwhichonedoesmybrotherlikebest40._____wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.That B.Which C.whether D.What41.Thebooklooks____ithadbeenoutintherain.A.that B.whether C.asthough D.what42.Shesaidthatshe____there