高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法精講精練-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法詞匯復(fù)習(xí)系列第七章動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)，要用不同的形式來(lái)表示，這種不同的形式叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)常用的時(shí)態(tài)有八種，分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：Hewroteanovel.（主語(yǔ)he是動(dòng)作wrote的執(zhí)行者，是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。）Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.（主語(yǔ)theclassroom是動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）高考重點(diǎn)要求：1、通過(guò)上下文或所設(shè)定的語(yǔ)境，正確判斷和運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)2、在書面表達(dá)中能根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間關(guān)系，正確使用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)3、根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系，正確判斷和運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在表示不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不同的形式來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)從時(shí)間上來(lái)看，可分為“現(xiàn)在”，“過(guò)去”，“將來(lái)“和”過(guò)去將來(lái)“四大類。動(dòng)詞共有十六種不同時(shí)態(tài)，但常用的時(shí)態(tài)有八種。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作）或存在的狀態(tài)，句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：Hegoestoschoolatseveno’clockeveryday.Thesunrisesintheeast.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)，句中常有yesterday,ago,in1989,once,lastweek(month,year),atthattime,justnow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：Hewasbornin1989.IusedtoplayfootballwhenIwasyoung.（三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)時(shí)間有多種形式，其共同特點(diǎn)是句中常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：tomorrow,nextweek,inaweek等例如：Wewillvisitthesciencemuseumnextweek.Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblemtomorrow.（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事情，句中常與now,atthismoment等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Theboyisplayingvideogames.Hisfatheriswritinganovelthesedays.（五）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或還要延續(xù)下去，句中常用since,for,yet,already等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。例如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1980.Hehasbeeninthisfactoryforfiveyears.（六）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。例如：Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.WhenIcamein,theywerehavingsupper.（七）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或者從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearnedmorethan2,000Englishwords.Myteacherhadtaughtinthatschoolfortenyearsbeforeshecamehere.（八）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：Hesaidthathewouldstudyharderthanbefore.Hedidn’ttellmewhenhewouldgo.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（一）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法（1）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)說(shuō)更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.（3）含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語(yǔ)或者直接賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupilssomeadvice.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(4)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursadaybytheboss.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.（三）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：ThiskindofcarismadeinShanghai.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.Wasthisnovelwrittenbyhisfather?一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：willbe或begoingto+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.Thebabywillbetakengoodcareofinthehospital.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?Wehaven’tbeeninvitedtotheparty.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：be+being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?Yourcompositionmustbehandedintomorrow.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1、有些表示狀態(tài)、情感、感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：be,like,want,love,hear,wish,hope等。例如：Ihopehewillcomebacksoon.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。例如：—HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?—Yes,Ihave.3、某些動(dòng)詞在表示主語(yǔ)特征和性質(zhì)時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞，但在表示動(dòng)作時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,shut等。

Theclothesheboughtyesterdaywasheswell.4、不及物動(dòng)詞及部分由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的詞和短語(yǔ)有：appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,belongto,breakout,takeplace等。例如：Thisbookbelongstohim.Afirebrokeoutlastnight.5、get常與marry,beat,break,tear,hurt,repair,dress,pay等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般指動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。例如：Theseworkersgotpaidbythehour.Thelittlebabygotquicklydressed.二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sent B.weresent C.hadsent D.hadbeensent答案：B【解析】besentabroad被派往國(guó)外。例2、Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_________inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted答案為D?！窘馕觥咳纾篵y意為“到……為止”。by后加過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如by后加現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如by后加將來(lái)時(shí)，主句要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。bytheendoflastyear常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候前已完成的動(dòng)作。例3、Whenandwheretogofortheon-salary-holiday_________yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided答案為D?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)副詞yet可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可排除A、C；不定式，動(dòng)名詞及從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按單數(shù)處理，whenandwheretodosth.表示單數(shù)，要用hasnotbeendecided。例4、HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_______fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate答案為C?！窘馕觥俊癰ythetime”后接定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這種定語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。譯文：到明年他畢業(yè)之前，已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。例5、Rainforests_______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut答案為C。【解析】這句話的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來(lái)它們將會(huì)消失?！睆木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)境theywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture可以判斷，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事對(duì)將來(lái)可能造成的影響。例6、HowIwisheveryfamily_______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad答案為B?！窘馕觥縲ish后接從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示這只是說(shuō)話人的一種愿望。具體用法：如果從句中動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式或would/could+havedone。譯文：我多么希望每個(gè)家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子。例7、Thenewsuspensionbridge________bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned答案為B。【解析】在含有by引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。譯文：到上月為止已完成了吊橋設(shè)計(jì)。例8、—Howareyoutoday?—Oh,I__________asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A．didn'tfeelB．wasn'tfeelingC．don'tfeelD．haven'tfelt答案為D?！窘馕觥楷F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。從句子的意思可知，從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始，已經(jīng)病了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。例9、—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I'mterriblysorry.________.A.I'mnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven'tnoticedD.Idon'tnotice答案為B?！窘馕觥勘硎緞偛艣](méi)有注意到，要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去所做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有注意到；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)顯然不符合句意。例10、Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt答案為D?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.說(shuō)明電影院還在建設(shè)之中，所以從時(shí)態(tài)上講是進(jìn)行時(shí)；另外從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。鞏固練習(xí)Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.makes2.Idon’treallyworkhere.I_____untilthesecretaryarrives.A.justhelpout B.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingout D.willjusthelpout3.—CanIjointheclub,Dad?—Youcanwhenyou_____abitolder.A.get B.willget C.aregetting D.willhavegot4.—Howlong_____eachotherbeforethey_____married?—ForaboutayearA.havetheyknown;get B.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget D.hadtheyknown;got5.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted6.Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t7.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,therooms_____.A.arebeingpainted B.arepainting C.arepainted D.arebeingpainting8.—Peter,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?—I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.did9.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people_____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnowon.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto10.—WhoisJerryCooper?—_____?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyet B.Hadn’tmethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethim D.Haven’tyoumethimyet11.I___MrSmithwouldgivemeanearlyreply,buthedidn’t.A.hope B.reallyhope C.willhope D.hadhoped12.Harry’sfather___bythetimethedoctorarrived.A.hadalreadydied B.hasdied C.isdying D.died13.Ididnotknowthereasonwhyhe___suchabigmistake.A.made B.reallymade C.hadmade D.wasmaking14.ThepenI___I___isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lost B.thought;hadlost C.think;hadlost D.thought;havelost15.—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No.ThisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.was B.havebeen C.come D.wascoming16.Youlookworried.What____toyou?A.happens B.hashappened C.happened D.ishappening17.Mypen___fortwoweeks.MayIborrowyours,please?A.haslost B.hadlost C.hadbeenlost D.hasbeenlost18.It___everydaysofarthismonth.A.israining B.rained C.rains D.hasrained19.Sofarsolarenergy___intheworld.A.hasnotbeenwidelyused B.isnotwidelyusedC.wasnotwidelyused D.hasn’tusedwidely20.Don’tinterruptme.I___lettersallmorningandhavewrittenfive.A.write B.havewritten C.waswriting D.havebeenwriting21.Idon’tthinkJimsawme,he_____intospace.A.juststared B.wasjuststaring C.hasjuststared D.hadjuststared22.Thekeytomydoor_____.Ihavelookedforiteverywhere,butIstill_____it.A.ismissing;can’tfind B.haslost;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfound D.hasbeengone;haven’tfound23.Itwon’tbelongbeforesuchathing_____again.A.happened B.ishappened C.willhappen D.happens24.We_____totheGreatWallthreetimesin1999.A.went B.hasbeen C.wasvisited D.hadvisited25.Thedoctorscoulddonothingtosavethepatientandhe_____.A.died B.die C.wasdying D.wasdead26.He_____tomeetusatthestationbuthedidn’tseeus.A.didgo B.didn’tgo C.hasgone D.wasgoing27.I_____thewholebookbythedayaftertomorrow.A.shallread B.shallbereading C.willread D.shallhaveread28.Iwon’tbeabletowatchtheprogrambecauseI_____myhomeworkatthattime.A.shallhavedone B.willdo C.shallbedone D.willbedoing29._____English?A.Howlongareyoustudying B.HowlongdoyoustudyC.Howlonghaveyoubeenstudying D.Howlongwillyouhavestudied30.–Youhaven’tgotthetextbookformyEnglishclassyet.--Iknow,andwe_____togetitforthelastfiveweeks.A.willhavebeentrying B.willbetryingC.hadtried D.havebeentrying31.–Haveyouboughtyournewbikeyet?--No,it_____foraweek.SoIjuststayathomeandgonowhere.A.israining B.willberaining C.hasbeenraining D.rains32.She_____lawthemomentshehasfinishedmiddleschool.A.isgoingtostudy B.istostudy C.isabouttostudy D.willbestudying33.Maryfeltbothunpreparedandnervousabouttheinterviewwhichshe_____nextday.A.wasabouttoface B.isgoingtoface C.willface D.wastoface34.Ifaman_____succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.A.will B.isto C.isgoingto D.should35.Beforehe_____intothewater,someonehadcaughthimbythearm.A.willthrowhimself B.threwhimselfC.throwshimself D.wasgoingtothrowhimself36.—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit___.A.didn’twork B.won’twork C.can’twork D.doesn’twork37.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange38.Pleasehelpmewithmymathswhenyou___time.A.have B.willhave C.aregoingtohave D.aretohave39.Wewon’tgounlessyou___soon.A.coming B.came C.willcome D.come40.Iwonderhowlongagothisuniversity____.A.hasbegan B.begins C.began D.hadbegan41.—BobhasjustarrivedfromLondon.—When___he___back?A.did;come B.has;come C.does;come D.was;come42.—Comein,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh,howniceofyou.I___you___tobringmeapresent.A.neverthink;aregoing B.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoing D.hadn’tthought;were