定語從句語法講解

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定語從句一．定語從句的基本用法漢語中的“……的”即為定語。如：“美麗的春天”中的“美麗的”。如果定語由一個句子來充當(dāng)，此句即稱之為定語從句。由定語所修飾的詞叫做先行詞，如“春天”。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。它們的引導(dǎo)詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。判斷使用什么引導(dǎo)詞要判成分，看指代。關(guān)系代詞成分指人指物指人和物作主語whowhichthat作賓語who;whom;/which;/that作定語whosewhosewhose作介賓(介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前)whomwhich作介賓(介詞放在句末)whom；who;that;/which;that;/that關(guān)系副詞作狀語表時間表地點表原因when=in/onwhichwhere=in/atwhichwhy=forwhich二．關(guān)系代詞that,which用法之別引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which,that在修飾先行詞時，一般可換用，有時則不可。它們引導(dǎo)定語從句有最基本的三點區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①that只用于限制性的定語從句；which可用于限制性和非限制性定語從句。=2\*GB3②that可指人也可指物；which只可指物。=3\*GB3③that不能至于介詞后，引導(dǎo)定語從句時把介詞放于句后，which可置于介詞后,也可把介詞放在定語從句后面.下面就which,that不宜換用的情況，作一歸納：1．只可用that的定語從句=1\*GB3①在修飾時間、地點等先行詞時，只可用that代替when,where等關(guān)系副詞，而不能用which。Thatwasthetimethat(=when)hearrived(at).=2\*GB3②same所修飾的先行詞后可用that而不可用which。YesterdayImetthesamescientistthat(=as)youmetlastyear.=3\*GB3③主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞who時，定語從句要用that而不用which(who,whom)引導(dǎo)。（避免重復(fù)）WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?Whothathasseenhimdoesn’tadmirehim?2．多用that（極少用which）的定語從句。=1\*GB3①先行詞為不定代詞all,everything,nothing,anything,something,little,much,few,onlything,best等或名詞前帶有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等時，關(guān)系代詞一般用that。Inthisschoolwesawmuch(little)thatwasdifferentfromours.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.YoumustpayattentiontoeverythingthatIwilldo.=2\*GB3②先行詞包括人和物時用that.Ourschoolmastertalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.=3\*GB3③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級（包括first,last）或被only,very等修飾時關(guān)系代詞一般只用that。Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.What’sthefirst(best,last,only)Englishmagazinethatyouhaveeverread?=4\*GB3④關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，多用that引導(dǎo)。Ourvillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.3.只用which不用that的定語從句。=1\*GB3①在定語從句中作介詞賓語且置于該介詞后，只用which。（介詞在前）Theroominwhichweliveisveryclean.=2\*GB3②在先行詞是物的非限制性定語從句中，只用which.Ienjoythedress,whichmymotherboughtformybirthday.=3\*GB3③定語從句是比較級，先行詞是物，只能用thanwhich(指人用thanwhom),than之后不用that。Hereisourschool,thanwhichthereisnothingbetterinourcounty.這是我校，在我縣再也沒有比這更好的學(xué)校了。=4\*GB3④先行詞是that，指物，后面不能再用that，而要用which。（避免重復(fù)）What’sthatwhichismovingonthetable?在桌子上移動的東西是什么？三、whose的用法。1．既可修飾人，又可修飾物，既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，又可修飾非限制性定語從句。2.“whose+名詞”，有時可用“the+n.+of+which/whom”或“of+which/whom+the+n.”替換。Thehousewhosewindowsarepaintedgreenbelongstome.=Thehouse,thewindowsofwhicharepaintedgreen,belongstome.=Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowsarepaintedgreen,belongstome.四、關(guān)系詞的省略（做賓語）1．關(guān)系代詞作及物動詞的賓語時。That’sonething(that/which)Ihaven’tforgottentoday.Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.2．關(guān)系代詞作介詞短語的賓語，且介詞放在句末時。Isthisyourcomputerroom(that/which)youworkin?Thestranger(who/whom/that)thevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.注：若介詞提前，關(guān)系代詞必須用which代表事物，用that代表人，而且不可省略。Isthisyourcomputerroominwhichyouwork?ThestrangertowhomthevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.五、which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別1.都可代表整個主句的意思，都可在從句中作主語或賓語。Shewasabsent,which/asisoftenthecase.Heislying,which/asanybodycansee.2．如果從句的謂語動詞是系動詞，從句的主語可用as，也可用which；如果從句的謂語動詞是行為動詞，就只能用which。Hesaidheknewnothingabouttheaccident,as/whichwasalie.Ourteamwon,whichmadeusveryhappy.3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句的前邊或后邊，意為“正如”；which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句的后邊，意為“這一點”。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanhasalwaysbeenapartofChina.Herspeechwaswonderful,aswehadexpected.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.4.用在such…as,和thesame…as引導(dǎo)的定語從句中。Theword“write”hasthesamepronunciationastheword“right”.Heisn’tsuchamanaswouldbowbeforedifficulties.六、介詞提前1．介詞提前包括以下幾種情況=1\*GB3①介詞（包括復(fù)雜介詞）+which/whom=2\*GB3②介詞+which/whose+n.(此時，which和whose都作定語)=3\*GB3③限定詞（some,none,all,both,several,either,many等）+ofwhich/whom=4\*GB3④數(shù)詞或最高級+ofwhich/whom2.判斷介詞一要看句意，二要看搭配關(guān)系，即看后邊的位于動詞和前邊被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞之間應(yīng)搭配什么介詞。（練習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)換從句）=1\*GB3①Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.(wecouldnotlivewithoutoxygen)=2\*GB3②Shemetmyfather,fromwhomshegotthenewsofmysister’smarriage.(shegotthenewsfrommyfather)=3\*GB3③Inthelonelycountryroad,hesawnobodyaround,towhomhecouldturnforhelp.(hecouldturntonobodyforhelp)定語從句專項練習(xí)=1\*ROMANI.在句子的橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞，必要時加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1．Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintomouth.2.Wealllikeourmathsteacher,_____hasaspecialwayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.3.Thetallmaninaraincoat,_____nobodyrecognized,turnedouttobeMary’sfather.4.TheboyyoumetjustnowisTom,_____compositionwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.5.TheprofessorissupposedtocomeonMonday,______he’llgiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.6.Wecametoasmallvillage,_____wereceivedawarmwelcome.7.HehastoworkonSunday,______hedoesn’tlike.8.WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSunday,_____theweathermaybebetter.9.MrSmith,_______lifewashardthen,workedveryhardtosupporthisfamily.10.Thefactoryhas1,000workers,___300arewomen.11.Igavehimawarming,_____heturnedadeafear.12.Thatoldmanhastwosons,both_______aresoldiers.13.Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.14.Sixteenyearslater,hereturnedtohishometown,____hehadbeenbroughtupasanorphan.15.Tooursurprise,ayoungplayer,______wehadneverheardofbefore,wonthegoldmedal.16.HevisitedAmericaandCanada,______countrieshehadagoodtime.17.Chinahasmanyislands,thelargest______isTaiwan.18.Iverymuchrespectourmonitor,_______helpIhavemadegreatprogress.19.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.20._______isknowntoall,Chinawillbeapowerfulcountryin20or30years.21.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeonlyafter5:30pm,_____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.=2\*ROMANII.單項選擇1．TheywereforcedtoworkinAfrica_____neededskilledworkers.A.whereB./C.whichD.inwhich2.Thisistheplace_____myunclevisitedlastyear.A.inwhichB.thatC.whereD.inthat3.Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons____theyrememberedintheirschooldays.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom4.Thewoman___youmetinthelibraryjustnowisourEnglishteacher.A.herB.whichC.whoD.whose5.Thisisthebuilding____wasbuiltlastyear.A./B.whoC.whichD.it6.Thebaby____isnothers.A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareB.whosheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhomsheistakinggoodcareD.whosesheistakinggoodcare7.Thehouse____wasblownoffhasbeenrepaired.A.whoseroofB.theroofofthatC.ofwhichroofD.roofofwhich8.Theman,____daughterIworked,wasverykindtous.A.withwhoseB.withwhomC.whoseD.ofwhose9.Iknowaboy,_____isaprofessor.A.ofwhoseB.fatherofwhomC.ofhisfatherD.whosefather10.Thewoman,____,isafamousscientist.A.whosesonIamlookingafterB.afterwhosesonIamlookingC.hersonIamlookingafterD.Iamlookingafterherson11.a.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?b.Isthisthemuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone12.a.Thisbook_____shespenttwoyearssoldwell.b.Thisbook_____costhertwoyearssoldwell.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.where13.a.John,_____carIwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.b.John,_____Iwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.A.whoseB.inwhoseC.withwhomD.who14.a.Thewoman_____hewasmarriedwasadoctor.b.Thewoman_____hemarriedwasadoctor.A.whomB.withwhomC.whoseD.towhom15.a.Doyoustillrememberthedays______weworkedonthefarm?b.Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespenttogether?A.which