初中英語語法精講精練主謂一致專題

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載初中英語語法精講精練：主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。表現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：語法一致；意義一致；就近一致（就近原則）。一語法一致(意義一致)：主語復(fù)數(shù)----謂語復(fù)數(shù)；主語單數(shù)-----謂語單數(shù)1主語復(fù)數(shù)的情況----謂復(fù)⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。⑶“定冠詞+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示一家人時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the＋a.表一類人，做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；但表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式：Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2主語單數(shù)的情況-----謂單⑴單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式：Somewaterisinthebottle.Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.⑵manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式：ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。⑷表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度等度量詞或短語作主語時(shí)，?？醋髡w概念，謂單：Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。⑸表加減乘除的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算做主語，謂單：Threeplustwoisfive.Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主語，謂單：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂單：Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。⑻動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞,句子作主語時(shí)，謂單：Toseeistobelieve眼見為實(shí)。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語，謂單：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。⑽主語為某些詞組，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語，謂單：Iseveryoneheretoday.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect兩個(gè)答案都不正確。⒀s結(jié)尾的表單數(shù)意義的名詞作主語，謂單，如news,maths,physics等：Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。3謂語根據(jù)主語單復(fù)數(shù)意義來定的情況：⑴anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過800人。⑵相同兩部分組成的名詞做主語，謂復(fù)；當(dāng)名詞前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短語修飾時(shí)，謂語與kind,pair,glass等一致：Thebluetrousersaremine.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.這雙鞋是湯姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有兩杯水。⑶“l(fā)otsof/alotof/plentyof+名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于名詞的數(shù)；若是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)；若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)⑸family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指整體時(shí)，謂單;指具體成員時(shí)，謂復(fù)數(shù)：Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。⑹none如指量，用單數(shù)。若指數(shù)目，與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語用單也可用復(fù)，none如果代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.這些土地都沒有變成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于of后面的名詞：Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.Alloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻當(dāng)主語后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定：MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。二就近一致（就近原則）⑴以here，there為首的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞常與臨近的主語一致：Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.這是給你的書和紙。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式：TomorJackiswrong.不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.經(jīng)典習(xí)題II.選擇填空。1.-----Areyouworriedwhenyoursonoftenplayscomputergames?-----Yes.Ithinkplayingcomputergames_______onteenagers.A.haveagoodeffectB.hasagoodeffectC.hasabadeffect2.Theoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons,______crossingtheroad.A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have3.Thispairoftrousers______Lucy’s.Yourtrousers______onyourbed.A.is,are

B.is,is

C.are,are

D.are,is4.

Tenkilometers______averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have5.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therethen.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were6.Whathewantedtoknow______whytheydidn’ttellhim.A.are

B.was

C.were

D.is7.Eitheryouorhe______tostayathomethisafternoon.A.has

B.have

C.are

D.is8.Neitherofthetwins______bread.A.like

B.likes

C.liked

D.islike9.Fishandchips______myfavoritefood.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.become10.Thesingeranddancer______cometoourcity.A.are

B.is

C.have

D.has11.Three-fourthsofthewater______gone.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.were12.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,______listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoys

B.enjoy

C.isenjoyed

D.areenjoyed13.EitherTomorMaria______suretoknowtheanswer.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were14.Neitheryounorhe______howtoanswerthequestion.A.know

B.knows

C.knowing

D.toknow15.Iaswellasthey______readytohelpyou.A.am

B.are

C.is

D.

be16.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______aboutforty.A.is

B.are

C.were

D.have17.Everyhourandeveryminute______important.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were18.Look!TheTurnerfamily______havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.A.is

B.are

C.like

D.like19.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather______thefilm.A.like

B.likes

C.liking