新高考英語一輪復習練習考向31 完形填空之記敘文類(原卷版)

考向31完形填空之記敘文類文體分析記敘文是記人敘事的文章，它主要是用于說明事件的時間、背景、起因、過程及結果，即我們通常所說的五個"W"(what,who,when,where,why)和一個"H"(how)。記敘文的重點在于"述說"和"描寫"，因此一篇好的記敘文要敘述條理清楚，描寫生動形象。1.敘述的人稱英語的記敘文一般是以第一或第三人稱的角度來敘述的。用第一稱表示的是由敘述者親眼所見、親耳所聞的經(jīng)歷。它的優(yōu)點在于能把故事的情節(jié)通過"我"來傳達給讀者，使人讀后感到真實可信，如身臨其境。如：Theotherday,Iwasdrivingalongthestreet.Suddenly,acarlostitscontrolandrandirectlytowardsmefast.IwassofrightenedthatIquicklyturnedtotheleftside.Butitwastoolate.ThecarhitmybikeandIfelloffit.用第三人稱敘述，優(yōu)點在于敘述者不受"我"活動范圍以內的人和事物的限制，而是通過作者與讀者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情節(jié)展現(xiàn)在讀者面前，文章的客觀性很強。如：LittleTomwasgoingtoschoolwithanumbrella,foritwasraininghard.Ontheway,hesawanoldwomanwalkingintherainwithnothingtocover.Tomwentuptotheoldwomanandwantedtosharetheumbrellawithher,buthewastooshort.Whatcouldhedo?Thenhehadagoodidea.2.動詞的時態(tài)在記敘文中，記和敘都離不開動詞。所以動詞出現(xiàn)率最高，且富于變化。記敘文中用得最多的是動詞的過去的，這是英語記敘文區(qū)別于漢語記敘文的關鍵之處。英語寫作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動詞時態(tài)的變化，正是這一點才使得所記、所敘有鮮活的動態(tài)感、鮮明的層次感和立體感。3.敘述的順序記敘一件事要有一定的順序。無論是順敘、倒敘、插敘還是補敘，都要讓讀者能弄清事情的來龍去脈。順敘最容易操作，較容易給讀者提供有關事情的空間和時間線索。但這種方法也容易使文章顯得平鋪直敘，讀起來平淡乏味。倒敘、插敘、補敘等敘述方法能有效地提高文章的結構效果，讓所敘之事跌宕起伏，使讀者在閱讀時思維產(chǎn)生較大的跳躍，從而為文章所吸引，深入其中。但這些方法如果使用不當，則容易弄巧成拙，使文章結構散亂，頭緒不清，讓讀者不知所云。4.敘述的過渡過渡在上下文中起著承上啟下、融會貫通的作用。過渡往往用在地點轉移或時間、事件轉換以及由概括說明到具體敘述時。如：Inmysummerholidays,Ididalotofthings.Apartformdoingmyhomework,readinganEnglishnovel,watchingTVanddoingsomehousework,IwentonatriptoQingdao.Itisreallyabeautifulcity.Therearemanyplacesofinteresttosee.Butwhatimpressedmemostwasthesunrise.ThenextmorningIgotupearly.Iwasveryhappybecauseitwasafineday.BythetimeIgottothebeach,thecloudsonthehorizonwereturningred.Inalittlewhile,asmallpartofthesunwasgraduallyappearing.Thesunwasveryred,notshining.Itroseslowly.Atlastitbrokethroughtheredcloudsandjumpedabovethesea,justlikeadeep-redball.Atthesametimethecloudsandtheseawaterbecameredandbright.Whatamovingandunforgettablescene!5.敘述與對話引用故事情節(jié)中主要人物的對話是記敘文提高表現(xiàn)力的一種好方法。適當?shù)赜弥苯右Z代替間接的主觀敘述，可以客觀生動地反映人物的性格、品質和心理狀態(tài)，使記敘生動、有趣，使文章內容更加充實、具體。試比較下面兩段的敘述效果：Iwasinthekitchen,andIwascookingsomething.SuddenlyIheardaloudnoisefromthefront.Ithoughtmaybesomeonewasknockingthedoor.IaskedwhoitwasbutIheardnoreply.AfterawhileIsawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor.Irealizeditwasthecat.Ifeltreleased.這本來應是一段故事性很強的文字，但經(jīng)作者這么一寫，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是敘述模式，沒有人物語言，把"懸念"給沖淡了。可作如下調整：Iwasinthekitchencookingsomething."Crash!"aloudnoisecamefromthefront.Thinkingsomeonewasknockingatthedoor,Iasked,"Who?"Noreply.Afterawhile,Isawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor."Itsyou."Isaid,quitereleased.題型分析一、題型解讀記敘文類完形填空可分為記事和記人兩種形式，記敘時間、地點、人物和事件等，文章長度在300詞左右。文章首句一般不設空，以情景意義考查為主，淡化對語法的考查，4個選項詞類相同，設空以實詞為主，即動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞為主，虛詞為輔，即介詞、連詞，代詞為輔，幾乎不涉及情態(tài)動詞與冠詞。近幾年記敘文文體完形填空的選文突出了敘述上的靈活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生詞量的增大，及復合句的增多，考生在此題上的失分仍然很嚴重。因此，如在讀懂原文的情況下減少失誤是目前考生面臨的重大問題。二、解答技巧1.細讀文章首句，推測全文內容完形填空通常首句是一個完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的關鍵，是理解全文大意的一扇窗戶，所以理解首句信息顯得很重要。一般情況下，高考完形填空首句不設空。少數(shù)情況下，即使設空，也是在句子末尾，不影響考生對句意的把握?！镜淅纠縈yprevioushomehadastandofwoodsbehinditandmanyanimalsinthebackyard.Thatfirstyear,I11feedingpeanutstothebluejays,thenthesquirrels.Thesquirrelshadno12cominguprighttomeforthem.Asthemonthswentby,therabbitssawthatIwasno13anddidn'tescape.【解析】根據(jù)首句，確定出本文講述的主題：“我”以前家的后面有一片樹林，在后院有很多動物；國繞這一主題展開故事。11.A.avoidedB.startedC.canceledD.suggested【解析】：第一年，“我”開始給冠藍碼喂花生吃，然后又喂松鼠。startdoingsth.“開始做某事”12.A.businessB.funC.problemD.privilege【解析】：松鼠毫無困難（problem),直接上來享用花生。13.A.helpB.cheatC.threatD.exception【解析】：幾個月過去了，兔子見“我”沒有威脅，不逃走了。threat"威脅”，符合語境?！敬鸢浮浚?1.B12.C13.C2.通讀全文，理清各個角色一般來說，記敘文有兩個或兩個以上的角色，作者對這些角色的態(tài)度是不一樣的，即便是對做同樣一件事的人，作文突出了敘述上的靈者也不一定采用同樣的態(tài)度來描述。只有把握好每個人物生詞量的增大，及復：的特點和內心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更準然很嚴重。因此，如何確地選出答案。【典例示例】IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Hesmiledatmeand41placedhiscombonhiswallet.Butthistime,Inoticedsomething42.Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,43hissmilewasstillas44asbefore,thesmileofafatherwhojustwantedagood45forhisfamily.41.A.firmlyB.hurriedlyC.casuallyD.carefully【解析】：父親對“我”笑了笑，小心地（carefully)把梳子放在他的錢包上。firmly“堅決地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“隨便地”，均不符合文意。42.A.differentB.excitingC.interestingD.urgent【解析】：但是，這一次，“我”注意到一些不同的（different)事情后文中的“Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinkles...”也是暗示。43.A.forB.orC.soD.yet【解析】：根據(jù)空處上下文的語境可知，此處表示意思上的轉折，故要用yet“然而，但是”。44.A.convincingB.heartwarmingC.cautiousD.innocent【解析】：父親的微笑仍然像以前一樣令人感到幸福快樂(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的，有說服力的”；cautious"謹慎的，十分小心的”；innocent"無辜的，無罪的”，均不符合文意。45.A.originB.lifeC.reputationD.education【解析】：從父親的笑中，作者體會到父親是想讓自己的家人有好的生活（life)?！敬鸢浮浚?1.D42.A43.D44.B45.B3.理順事件線索，找準發(fā)展方向記敘文一般按事件發(fā)展的順序來敘述（有時用倒敘）,正確把握文章的發(fā)展順序對把握文章的主脈有著重要的意義。因此，在選擇答案時要事先理清人物間的關系及各自所做的事情?！镜淅纠縊bediently(順從地）,myclasslaytheirheadsontheirdesks,closedtheireyesand42.Whenthemusicstarted,theroomwasfilledwiththemostbeautifultonesandmusicalcolorsIcouldhaveeverimagined.Allthechildrenwere43.Whenthemusicfinished,Iaskedthemalltoraisetheir44slowlysothatwecouldshareourmusicaljourneys.42.A.sleptB.noddedC.waitedD.continued【解析】：學生們趴在課桌上，閉著眼睛，等待（waited)著播放音樂。43.A.talkingB.singingC.dancingD.listening【解析】：根據(jù)前一句的“Whenthemusicstarted”可知，此處指所有學生都在聽著音樂。故選D。44.A.legsB.headsC.armsD.shoulders【解析】：根據(jù)前一句的“Whenthemusicstarted”可知，此處指所有學生都在聽著音樂。故選D。【答案】：42.C43.D44.B4.描摩作者意圖，弄清蘊含哲理記敘文一般通過一件平常事來說明一個人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，對理解細節(jié)有更為準確的作用。注意不要把自己的觀點放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的態(tài)度和觀點為線索展開?！镜淅纠縄t37methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat38momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.39isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe40whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.37.A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned【解析】：這不由讓作者想起和其他隊比賽也是一個難得的學習機會。Itstrikessb.that...“讓某人突然想到……”，為固定句型。38.A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning【解析】：本句與文章首句“Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething"還有下文Thelessonstheylearnedmanot...照應。39.A.ExperienceB.IndependenceC.CuriosityD.Interest【解析】：結合上文的比賽情況可知，“經(jīng)驗”是最好的老師。40.A.harmfultoB.mixedwithC.differentfromD.appliedto【解析】：這些經(jīng)驗與她們在學校學到的東西可能不會有太大的“不同”，但是肯定更加深入、更加有意義，因為這她們自己摸索出來的。differentfrom"與……不同”，符合語境?！敬鸢浮浚?7.B38.D39.A40.C5.把握時間線索，做出正確判斷有些記敘文敘述一件事，故事情節(jié)隨著時間而不斷推進。我們可以抓住里面的時間線索，利用情節(jié)的變化來巧妙地做出判斷。【典例示例】Thatsecondyear,therabbits15me,andonewouldevensitupforslices!...Byyearthree,therabbitsandthegroundhogwereback.Thegroundhog23didn'thaveaproblemwithmescratchingherback,andIgotanidea.15.A.fearedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.remembered【解析】：第二年，兔子記得“我”，甚至有一只會坐著享用胡蘿卜片。remember"想起，記得”。23.A.alsoB.thusC.justD.still【解析】：第三年，兔子和土撥鼠回來了?！拔摇庇檬种缸贤翐苁蟮谋橙匀唬╯till)沒有困難?！敬鸢浮浚?5.D23.D【檢測訓練】1Therearegoodstoriestobefoundinnearlyeveryvolunteerexperience.ButLaurieScottispositivethat1anexchangestudentproducessomeofthegreatest.Asalong-timevolunteerwithanagencythathelps2studentsconnectwithwarmandcaring3duringtheirtimeintheUS,Scotseesfirst-handboththehumorandtheverydeeplymeaningfuloutcomes.Scott4Christine,forexample,astudentfromNorway.5atarestaurantoneday,Christinewasaskedifshewantedasouporsalad.ThegirlturnedtoScottwith6,“WhywouldIwantasupersalad?”Tryingnottolaughtoohard,Scott7thatwhatthewaiterhadaskedwaswhethershewanted“souporsalad”.Scottandherhusband8volunteeredtobeahostfamilyinAugust2003.TheyhadjustmovedtoLasVegas,andshewaslookingforawaytogetconnectedinthecommunity.“Theconceptofhelping9worldpeacethroughunderstandingiswhatmakesme10.ThroughtheagencyIhavefoundthebestpartofmycommunityinourgreatfamiliesandhavebeenabletosharethe11sideoftheUSwithourstudents.”Timeandagain,her12toservicehasopenedhearts.Infact,shesays,oneoftheiramazingexperiencescamefrom13onehostedstudent,ayoungmanfromGermanynamedJens,abouthowAmericansvolunteer.InGermany,whereyoungpeopleare14tospendayearservinginthearmy,volunteerserviceis15.Therefore,Jenswasso16bytheconceptofgivingthathe17theagencytohelppromoteexchanges,andbecameveryinvolvedwithlocalschools.18allstoriesthatcomeoutofinternationalexchange,there’sa(an)19inthisone:Openingourheartsand20issomethingwecanalldo.1.A.adopting B.hosting C.raising D.teaching2.A.international B.promising C.needy D.urban3.A.relatives B.colleges C.houses D.friends4.A.misses B.remembers C.praises D.loves5.A.Queuing B.Working C.Calling D.Ordering6.A.surprise B.anger C.delight D.fear7.A.announced B.realised C.explained D.concluded8.A.obviously B.frequently C.probably D.originally9.A.makeup B.giveaway C.takeover D.bringabout10.A.talented B.involved C.organized D.relaxed11.A.familiar B.flexible C.positive D.controversial12.A.sacrifice B.devotion C.response D.addiction13.A.teaching B.reminding C.questioning D.warning14.A.required B.advised C.determined D.considered15.A.compulsory B.widespread C.valid D.unusual16.A.frightened B.relieved C.attracted D.challenged17.A.founded B.inspired C.joined D.permitted18.A.Except B.Like C.Ratherthan D.Regardlessof19.A.difference B.anecdote C.amusement D.lesson20.A.minds B.homes C.eyes D.schools2RaeganLawrenceisan11-year-oldstudentandbandmemberatBonaireMiddleSchool,incentralGeorgia,USA.Overthepastseveralmonths,shehasusedthegrief(悲痛)andstress21bytheCOVID-19pandemicto22herbestandhelpothersintheprocess.TheCOVID-19pandemichasbeenvery23toRaeganandherfamily.Shelosttwoofherauntsaswellashergreatgrandfathertothe24.Andshehasn’tbeenabletovisitsomeofher25suchashergrandfather.Feelingconstantlysad,she26tofindoutwhatshecoulddotomakethings27.Whilethinkingaboutwaysshecould28,herbandbegantosell“theworld’sfinestchocolatebars”toraisefunds.Thisgavehera(n)29—whynotbuytheworld’sfinestchocolatebarsto30theworld’sfinestpeople?Inhermind,thefinestpeopleintheworldarethehealthcareworkers,firemen,andfirstresponderswhohave31themselvesduringthispandemictohelpingotherswhileputtingthemselvesin32.Andsellshedid!WhileReaganistypicallya33person,thisdidnotstopherfrompromotingsalesofhercandybarsandthenusingthemoney34tobuybarsforfirstresponders.Shealso35totakeallthemoneyshehadinsavingsfromChristmas,herbirthdayandothergiftstobuychocolatebarsfortheworld’sfinestpeople.Inall,Raegan36over400bars.Thefirstrespondersthatreceivedthemwere37notjustfortheworld’sfinestchocolate,butthe38andcaringactionsofoneoftheworld’sfinest11-year-oldgirls!RaeganLawrence’sstoryhas39manyotherstohelpthoseinneedduringthis40moment.21.A.released B.caused C.damaged D.controlled22.A.avoid B.catch C.lookfor D.bringout23.A.typical B.strange C.cruel D.normal24.A.virus B.worm C.public D.hospital25.A.relatives B.classmates C.friends D.doctors26.A.hesitated B.agreed C.struggled D.preferred27.A.heavier B.higher C.clearer D.better28.A.help B.stay C.share D.show29.A.privilege B.excuse C.idea D.advantage30.A.evaluate B.reward C.respect D.protect31.A.devoted B.limited C.abandoned D.attached32.A.silence B.stress C.comfort D.danger33.A.stubborn B.brave C.shy D.patient34.A.obtained B.borrowed C.found D.changed35.A.afforded B.decided C.refused D.expected36.A.triedout B.storedup C.brokeoff D.gaveaway37.A.fit B.grateful C.responsible D.famous38.A.humorous B.generous C.traditional D.honest39.A.invited B.persuaded C.inspired D.required40.A.necessary B.fruitful C.pleasant D.challenging3Whenmydaughter,Mia,wasinvitedtoakids’poolparty,myheartsunk.My41sometimesgotinthewayofmedoingactivitieswithher.Thereweremomentsthatshouldhave42asawarning,likethefamilypartywhereIhadfrighteningheartpalpitations(心悸)andsawMialookingatmein43,butIjustnutittothebackofmy44.Oneday,oneclosefriend45me,“Seriously,youarethebiggestYOUI’veeverseen.So,fromnowonyou’recomingtotheSlimmingWorldgroupwithme.”Later,herwords46inmymind.ThereIwas,aged33,overweightandstartingtohaveheart47.WhatwouldMiadoifshelostherdad?48,Iwaspulledintothegroup.Withtheconsultant’sexplanationoftheeatingplan,Istartedadinnerwithlotsofvegetables.Thenextweek,Iwas49tofindI’dlost6pounds—thismightactually50!Withmoreconfidence,Idecidedtopractiseswimming,51onedaybeingabody-confidentdad,splashing(戲水)around52atapoolpartywithMia.AsI53myswimmingdistance,myweightlossbecomeeven54.Mialovedseeingthechangeinmeandthe55shoneonherface.I’malsoproudofmyselfforturningmylifearound,forMia.41.A.weight B.sight C.height D.look42.A.escaped B.served C.stopped D.disappeared43.A.joy B.excitement C.curiosity D.horror44.A.neck B.hand C.mind D.shoulder245.A.taught B.laughed C.asked D.warned46.A.worked B.circled C.woke D.rose47.A.examinations B.functions C.problems D.researches48.A.Immediately B.Calmly C.Gradually D.Fairly49.A.upset B.sad C.amazed D.nervous50.A.fadeaway B.settledown C.breakout D.payoff51.A.imagining B.forgetting C.admitting D.worrying52.A.slowly B.happily C.secretly D.cautiously53.A.observed B.predicted C.increased D.measured54.A.evident B.dull C.reliable D.strange55.A.anger B.anxiety C.fear D.pride4Haveyoueverlostsomethingpreciousandthoughtyou’dnevergetitback?AwomannamedThomasfromOregonfoundabagfromabargainshop.However,littledidsheknowthatbagwouldchangesomeone’slifeforthe56.Itlookedbrand-newsosheboughtitwithout57.Aftermakingithome,shenoticedsomethinginterestingandturneditoverto58,andsomethingheavymoved.Shestartedtothinknegativethoughtsinfearofwhatwasleftthere.Thomasalso59whythelastownerwouldthrowawaysuchavaluableitem.Curiously,she60furtherdownthroughaholeinthelining(襯布).Slowlyshepulledabrand-new61outwithastonishment!Thatlefther62morequestions.Forexample,whodiditonearth63?Onseeingpictureafterpicture,sheassumeditwasamotherandherchild,64thatsuchalossmusthavegotamotherupsetallherlife.Therefore,shesharedthephotosonline,hopingsomeonewould65them!Meanwhile,shedoubtedwhethertheyremainedhere.66,theownerConnerwasnearby.Thomas67herthatshehadhercamerawithtimelessphotos.ShenearlyburstintotearsthemomentshesawthephotosThomassenther.Thomasarrangeda(n)68withConner.“Thankyou!Itneveroccurtomethatmycamerashouldreturntomy69;afterall,sevenyears.”Connerblurted(脫口而出)asshewalkeduptoThomaswith70.ThankstoThomas,allherpastmemorieswerebackinherhandsandheart.56.A.richer B.better C.easier D.harder57.A.doubt B.mercy C.hesitation D.regret58.A.examine B.open C.match D.sew59.A.understood B.reflected C.recalled D.wondered60.A.looked B.reached C.bent D.stretched61.A.camera B.photo C.record D.phone62.A.with B.off C.into D.beyond63.A.taketo B.stickto C.belongto D.respondto64.A.anxious B.aware C.curious D.sensitive65.A.recognize B.confirm C.contact D.observe66.A.Unfortunately B.Eventually C.Hopefully D.Thankfully67.A.begged B.reminded C.informed D.convinced68.A.meeting B.interview C.celebration D.conference69.A.charge B.possession C.name D.collection70.A.dignity B.surprise C.relief D.excitement5Myfamilywentonholidayforaweekthissummer.Iwassurprisedtolearnthesleeping71forthenight—myyoungdaughterhadagreedtosleepinafirst-floorbedroombyherself.Aswe72,wediscussedthedeerwehad73onourway.“Ihopewecouldseeabearortwothis74!”mywifeshouted.Atbedtime,mywifeandIwenttotheupstairsroom,andmyparents-in-law(岳父母)headedfora75onthefirstfloor.MywifeandIwereabouttosleepwhenourdaughterappearedwitha/an76lookonherface.Shesaida77wasscratching(刮出刺耳聲)atherwindow.IdecideditwouldbebestifIsleptdownstairsandmydaughtersharedtheroomwithmywife.Onmywaydown,Ipassedmyfather-in-law,asleepinfrontofthe78.IwasinbedonlyafewminuteswhenIheardatap…taponthewindowoutside.Somethingwasindeedoutthere.79,itwasn’tabear—Itoldmyself.Ifellasleepsoon.Sometimelater,Iwas80byastrangesound.Isawalarge81inthedoorwayandfrozeasit82closertome.Irealizedwhatitwas—onlyaftermyfatherin-lawbentdowntogivemeakiss.“It’sDavid.”Myfather-in-lawjumpedback.Welaughed83attheawkwardmoment,andIexplainedhisgranddaughter’sbedroom84.Itoldhimthattheonlything85thanabearattackwasPapaBearcomingintokissmegood-night.71.A.schedules B.arrangements C.plots D.routines72.A.settledin B.brokein C.lookeddown D.calmeddown73.A.shot B.hunted C.trained D.spotted74.A.evening B.week C.month D.year75.A.study B.kitchen C.bedroom D.bathroom76.A.worried B.embarrassed C.delighted D.satisfied77.A.dog B.deer C.cat D.bear78.A.house B.television C.door D.fire79.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However80.A.awakened B.interrupted C.impressed D.struck81.A.figure B.person C.animal D.ghost82.A.climbed B.jumped C.inched D.rolled83.A.eagerly B.sincerely C.secretly D.nervously84.A.preference B.switch C.difference D.choice85.A.prettier B.funnier C.scarier D.stranger6Helovesvisitingwiththepeopleonhisrouteandisalwayslookingforwaystohelptheneighborhoodduringhismorethan12-hourlongshifts.So,whenthe86inhisGeorgiacommunitymovedentirelyonlineinthespring,Finley,or“Mr.Adam”asthekidscallhim,couldn’thelpbutfeel87forthestudentsstuckinsideallday;somegoing88ormonthswithoutseeingtheirclassmates89.OnedayduringhisdailyrouteinStoneMountain,Finleydecidedtodosomethingtohelp90thespiritsoftheJonessisters,Eva,7,andAria,6.“Thesegirlshaven’tbeenabletogotoschoolorseetheir91allyear,”FinleytoldCNN.“Ithought,‘WhatcanIdotobringasmiletotheirfaces?Somethingdifferent,somethingtobringsomeexcitementfortheday.”Aftercheckingwiththegirls’parents,Finley92somecardsoutofhispocketandstartedthefirstofmanygamesofTic-tac-toe(井字棋).Itwasaninstant93.Everymorningforthenextfewweeks,EvaandAriawouldrunouttothe94tomaketheirstrategicmoves,leavethecardsinthem