2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時素養(yǎng)評價十三Unit5WorkingtheLandReadingandThinking含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE十三Unit5ReadingandThinkingⅠ.單句語法填空1.IhavefourchildrenandIcontinually(continue)learnnewthingsfromthem.2.Theherointhenovelisaselfishbusinessmanwhosewholeeffortandlifearedevotedtoearningmoremoney.3.Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.4.Mikefoundachallenging(challenge)jobasacomputerprogrammerinabigcompany.5.Hehasbeenwiththecompanysinceitscreation(create)in1989.6.Allvarieties(variety)ofgoodsfordailyuseareavailable.7.OnceYuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum.8.Moststudentshavetolookforjobsafteruniversitygraduation(graduate).9.Ittakespatiencetoeducate(educate)children.

10.Hewilltryhisbesttohelpthembymeansofhisconventional(convention)medicalknowledge.Ⅱ.選詞填空domesticfarmingcelebrityestimateconvinceshortagesolutiongenerateadvanceleisure1.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankofcelebrityafter25yearsasanactress.2.Poorpreparationandshortageofequipmentaccountedfortheirfailureofclimbingtothetopofthemountain.3.Thefirsthybridricewasusedforfarmingin1974.4.Itisestimatedthatabout1,000peopleattendedthecitymarathon.5.Womenarestillthemainvictimsofdomesticviolence.6.Asolutiontoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.7.I’mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse.8.Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltogeneratepower.9.IliketogotothecinemawhenIhaveleisuretime.10.Thegentleman,despitehisadvancedyears,helpedKathrynbacktoherseat.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示翻譯句子1.袁隆平,被譽為“雜交水稻之父”,是中國最聞名的科學(xué)家之一。(knowas)YuanLongping,(whois)knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.

2.袁隆平的父母希望他從事科學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)。(wantsb.todo)YuanLongping’sparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.

3.1953年畢業(yè)后,他擔(dān)當(dāng)探討員。(afterdoing)Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.

4.袁隆平的創(chuàng)新不僅幫助養(yǎng)活了中國,還幫助養(yǎng)活了很多其他依靠大米的國家,如印度和越南。(notjust...but)YuanLongping’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.

5.應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個你可以向他尋求任何建議的人。(therebe)Thereshouldbesomeonetowhomyoucanturnforanyadvice.

Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASeawaterricetestyieldholdspromiseforharshlandsByMaoWeihuaandZhengCaixionginUrumuqi|chinadaily.com.cn|Updated:2024-11-1917:01Theseawaterrice,developedbyagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisteam,achievedatheoreticalyieldof546.74kilogramspermu(0.07hectares)inapaddyinYopurgacounty,XinjiangUygurautonomousregion.Thefigurewasannouncedafterastrictandpublicevaluationlastmonthbyaproductiontestingexpertgroup,whichconsistedoffourrenownedriceexperts.YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2024,expandedtheirexperimentalricefieldtomorethan20hectaresthisyearinthecounty,locatednearChina’slargestdesert,theTaklimakan.Thericeoutputfromtheexperimentalricefieldindicatedthatthesaline-alkalilandcanbetransformedintogoodricefieldsinthreetofiveyears,saidWangQi,anexpertwithYuanLongping’sresearchteam.Thetrialplottogrowtheseawaterriceisofaheavysaline-alkalinature,withsalinitycomingtomorethan17per1,000partsandthepHvaluereachingover8.0,buttheseawaterricehastheeffectofimprovingthesoilandreducingthesaline-alkalicontent,Wangsaid.【文章大意】本文是一篇摘自《中國日報》的新聞報道,主要介紹了袁隆平和他的探討團隊研發(fā)的“海水稻”勝利通過專家測試。1.Whoreportedthenews?A.WangQi.B.YuanLongping.C.YuanLongping’sresearchteam.D.MaoWeihuaandZhengCaixiong.【解析】選D。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本文是新聞報道,依據(jù)標(biāo)題下面的斜體字部分可知,介紹新聞稿來源,由《中國日報》記者毛衛(wèi)華和鄭彩雄報道。本題考查學(xué)生的“看”的實力,要求學(xué)生學(xué)會在網(wǎng)頁、報刊上搜尋所需信息。2.What’stheadvantageofseawaterrice?A.Itachievedayieldof546.74kgperhectare.B.Itcanbeplantedinthesaline-alkalifield.C.Itdoesn’tneedsomuchsunlight.D.Itcanbeplantedeverywhere.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第一段提到海水稻的理論產(chǎn)量達到546.74kilogramspermu,而不是perhectare,因此A項錯誤,C和D文中未提到,第三段提到海水稻的試驗就是在saline-alkalifield進行的,第四段也有提及。3.WhendidtheseawaterricebegintobeplantedinXinjiangbyYuanLongpingandhisteam?A.Lastmonth. B.In2024.C.InNovember,2024. D.InOctober.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的第一句YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2024...可知,海水稻是在2024年起先試驗種植的。4.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.Aguidebook. B.ATVprogram.C.Awebsite. D.Atextbook.【解析】選C。文章出處題。依據(jù)Updated:2024-11-1917:01可知,本文是2024-11-1917:01上傳更新的,因此可推斷文章很可能來自一個網(wǎng)站。BEverysummer,myfamilyandIvisitourrelativesinIndiaandwheneverwetravel,myparentsalwaysremindmetodrinkonlybottledorboiledwater.OnoneofmytripstoIndia,Isawchildrendrinkingwaterfromtheroadside.Iwastroubledtolearnthatmillionsofpeople,mostofthemchildrenindevelopingcountries,dieeachyearbecauseofwaterrelateddiseases.LivingintheUS,Iamluckytobeabletoturnonthetapandgetpotablewater(飲用水),whileonesixthoftheworld’spopulationlacksaccesstocleanwater.Thisyear,IenteredtheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge.InlateJune,IlearnedthatIwasselectedasoneofthetop10nationalfinalistsofthisfamousmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.Overthesummer,IworkedwithDr.JimJonza,myScientistmentor(導(dǎo)師)from3M,anddevelopedasystemthatusessolarenergytopurifywater.Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatareaffectedbyharmfulwaterpollution.InOctober,myfamilyandIflewto3MHeadquartersinStPaul,Minnesota,wherethefinaleventwastobeheld.Forthelastchallenge,eachofushadtopresenttheinventionwehadbeenworkingonoverthesummer.Thefirstplacewinnerwouldwin$25,000,atriptoCostaRica,andthetitleofAmerica’sTopYoungScientist.Attheawardsceremony,allofuswaitedanxiouslyuntiloneofthejudges,DannyForester,startedannouncing“ThewinneroftheDiscoveryEducationAsAmerica’sTopYoungScientist,Iwasgivenanopportunitytoshowmyinventiononnationaltelevisionanddeliverseveralpresentations.OneofthemostimportantthingsIhavelearnedisthatcommunicationandteamworkarekeytosuccess.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講解并描述了作者通過一次去印度的經(jīng)驗,發(fā)覺人們?nèi)狈η鍧嵥?就此得到啟發(fā)回國后與JimJonza博士合作,開發(fā)了一個利用太陽能的凈水系統(tǒng)。5.WhydoestheauthormentionhervisitstoIndia?A.ToexpresshergreatloveforIndia.B.Toshowtheproblemofuncleanwater.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofrelatives.D.Tocompareeasternandwesterncultures.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知,每年有數(shù)百萬人死于與水有關(guān)的疾病,其中大多數(shù)是發(fā)展中國家的兒童。由此可以推斷出,作者提到自己去印度的經(jīng)驗是為了說明人們?nèi)狈η鍧嵥膯栴},故選B。6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“implementing”inParagraph2?A.Researching. B.Changing.C.Finishing. D.Using.【解析】選D。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)Myinventionisgreenandcosteffective可知,作者的獨創(chuàng)很環(huán)保、高效且節(jié)約成本,因此作者期盼將它應(yīng)用到受有害的水影響的地區(qū)。故劃線詞implementing是“應(yīng)用”的意思。7.HowdidtheaudiencereactasForesteropenedthepaperwiththewinner’sname?A.Theyappearedcalm.B.Theyletoutshoutsofjoy.C.Theysatquietly.D.Theydroppedpinstotheauthor.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句可知,Forester宣布獲獎時全部觀眾都屏住呼吸,你甚至可以聽到大頭針落地的聲音。由此可知觀眾都特別寧靜地坐著,故選C。8.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderofcomplexity(困難性).C.Inorderofplace.D.Inorderofimportance.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。依據(jù)全文可知,作者主要按時間依次回顧了自己在發(fā)覺教化3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽中奪冠的經(jīng)驗,故選A。【閱讀多維訓(xùn)練】依據(jù)本篇閱讀理解填空(1)Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatareaffectedbyharmfulwaterpollution.分析:本句是一個并列復(fù)合句,由and連接。其次個并列分句中包含由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞places。譯文:我的獨創(chuàng)是綠色的,低成本效益高,我期盼著能在受有害的水污染影響的地方應(yīng)用它。(2)OneofthemostimportantthingsIhavelearnedisthatcommunicationandteamworkarekeytosuccess.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。Ihavelearned為省略that的定語從句,修飾先行詞Oneofthemostimportantthings;主句中包含that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。譯文:我學(xué)到的最重要的事情之一就是溝通和團隊合作是勝利的關(guān)鍵。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2024·濰坊高二檢測)Garlicisoneofthemostcommoncookingingredientsaroundtheworld.ManydishesinEurope,Africa,AsiaandtheAmericasusethisstrong-flavoredvegetable.Garlicissimilartootherbulb-shapedplants,includingonions,chives,leeksandscallions.Butgarlicisspecial.1Medicinalgarlicisthroughouttime.

ResearchersattheMemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenterandCornellUniversitystudiedthemedicinaluseofgarlicthroughouthistory.TheyfoundreferencestogarlicinancienttextsfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,Chinaand2

TheoriginalOlympicathletesinGreeceategarlictoimprovetheirperformance.3

WorkerswhobuiltthepyramidsinEgyptategarlic.Infact,thisisathemethroughoutearlyhistory—workerseatgarlictoincreasetheirstrength.4Theshortansweristhatgarliccreatesagascalledhydrogensulfide.

Atfirst,hydrogensulfidedoesnotseemveryhealthy.Infact,itistoxicandflammable.Itsmellslikerotteneggs.5Hydrogensulfiderelaxesbloodvessels.Relaxingbloodvessels,inturn,allowsmoreoxygentotraveltothebody’sorgans.Itlowershighbloodpressureandprotectsthebodyagainstcardiovasculardisease.“Cardio”relatestotheheartand“vascular”relatestobloodvessels.SomeresearchersinChinahavegonesofarastocallhydrogensulfidethekeytoalongerlife.Andanotherstudyfoundthateatinganappleorlettuceaftereatinggarliccutsdownonthestronggarlicsmellonone’sbreath.

A.Butwhyisgarlicsuchahealthyfood?B.Butitdoesanimportantjobinourbodies.C.TheancientRomansfedgarlictothesoldiersandsailors.D.Forcenturies,peoplehaveusedgarlicnotonlyforcooking,butalsoformedicine.E.Forexample,inancientGreeceandRome,peopleconsideredgarlicanaidtostrengthandendurance.F.Also,togetthefulleffectofgarlic’shealthbenefits,donotaddittofoodorcookwithitimmediately.G.Scientistshavereportedthatthisoldergarlichasevenmorepropertiesthataregoodforourbodiesthanfreshgarlic.【文章大意】本文介紹了大蒜的歷史及各種用途。大蒜能讓人增加體能,促使血管舒張,增加血管的通透性。1.【解析】選D。依據(jù)下文的關(guān)鍵詞語Medicinalgarlic可知D項符合語境,即“很多世紀(jì)以來,人們不僅把大蒜用于烹飪,而且還入藥”。2.【解析】選E。依據(jù)前面句子中的關(guān)鍵詞語Greece。Rome和E項中的inancientGreeceandRome可知,E項符合語境。3.【解析】選C。依據(jù)前面的句子“最初的希臘奧林匹克運動員食用大蒜以便提高他們的表現(xiàn)”,可知C項符合語境,即“古羅馬人讓士兵和海員食用大蒜”。誤會分析:很簡單誤選G項。誤認(rèn)為上文提到大蒜的作用,接下來會接著寫科學(xué)家的發(fā)覺,但是下文中并沒有提到更陳舊的大蒜比簇新的大蒜有更多的對身體有益的特性,故G項不符合語境。4.【解析】選A。依據(jù)后面的句子Theshortansweristhatgarliccreatesagascalledhydrogensulfide可知,此處應(yīng)是疑問句,故選A。5.【解析】選B。依據(jù)前后句子的內(nèi)容可知大蒜具有刺激性氣味,但大蒜具有舒張血管的作用。故B項符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空Bend,asmalltowninOregon,iscalled“mooncountry”.Beforetheastronautsever1ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.WhenJimIrwincametoBendfor2,hemadefriendswithFloydWatson,a(n)3resident,whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity.Fiveyearslater,Irwinwas4fortheApollo15moonlanding.

WhenthenewsthathisoldfriendwouldgotothemooncametoWatson’s5,hechoseapieceoflavarock(火山巖)nearDevil’sLake,6itinpaper.ThenhepostedittoIrwinwithaletterwherehe7himandmadearequest,“Iamsendingyoua8pieceofCentralOregonlava,whichIhopeyouwillbeableto9tothemoonforme.”O(jiān)ffwenttheletter,andWatsonthought10ofit.Afewmonthslater,onJuly26,1971,Irwin11tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden.

Andafewweeksaftertheir12,WatsongotanunexpectedletterfromIrwin.“Ididcarryyourpieceoflavatothemoonandleftitthere,”Irwinwrote—andenclosed(附上)a13ofit,withthesmallpieceofOregonlava14withanarrowandthewords”O(jiān)regonlavaonthemoon!”ForWatsontheletterandthepicturewere15.And,ofcourse,heneverlookedatthemoonthesamewayagain.

【文章大意】本文為一篇記敘文。宇航員JimIrwin在美國俄勒岡州Bend小鎮(zhèn)接受登月訓(xùn)練時,結(jié)交了一位當(dāng)?shù)睾糜袴loydWatson。當(dāng)Watson聽說Irwin被選為“阿波羅15號”登月宇航員時,他希望好友把一小塊取自Bend小鎮(zhèn)湖邊的火山巖放到月球上。Irwin的確把這塊火山巖送上了月球,并拍照留念。1.A.did B.madeC.took D.grasped【解析】選B。在宇航員勝利登上月球之前,他們在Bend接受訓(xùn)練。makeit為固定短語,意為“獲得勝利”,符合句意。2.A.adventure B.researchC.amusement D.practice【解析】選D。依據(jù)上文中的“Beforetheastronautsever______ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.”及下文中的“Irwinwas______fortheApollo15moonlanding...Irwin______tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden.”可知,JimIrwin是一名宇航員,來到Bend接受登月訓(xùn)練。practice意為“練習(xí),訓(xùn)練”,符合句意。

3.A.local B.aggressiveC.gifted D.academic【解析】選A。依據(jù)下文中的“whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity”可以推斷FloydWatson是當(dāng)?shù)?local)居民。4.A.carriedout B.pickedoutC.ruledout D.checkedout【解析】選B。五年后,Irwin被選中實行“阿波羅15號”登月安排。pickout意為“細(xì)心選擇”,符合句意。carryout“執(zhí)行,實施”;ruleout“解除”;