專題15閱讀理解之說明文-2024年中考英語真題題源解密

專題15閱讀理解之說明文閱讀理解綜合考查學(xué)生對英語語言知識的運用，題型包括詞義猜測題、細節(jié)理解題、脈絡(luò)理解題、推理推斷題、主旨大意題等。題材廣泛，包括故事、日常生活、人物傳記、科普知識、社會文化、自然風(fēng)光等，體裁有記敘文、議論文、說明文和應(yīng)用文。本專題目的在于幫助學(xué)生提高說明文的解題能力，以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)。（2023·江蘇鹽城）AteamofChinesescientistsandclimbersreachedthetopofQomolangmaatabout12:30p.m.onTuesday,May23.It’sthesecondtimesincelastyearforthescienceexpedition(考察)teamtoreachthetop.Theteamwasmadeupof13Chinesescientistsandclimbers.Theysetoffataheightof8,300metresforthetopatabout3a.m.Aftermorethan8hoursofhardclimbing,theyarrivedatthe8,830metreweatherstation.Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors(傳感器),theyfinishedimprovingtheworld’shighestautomated(自動化的)weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.Besides,theycollectedicesnowsamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.Theweatherstationrecordstemperatures,windspeedsandotherkeydataforstudyingclimatechange.ClimatescientistshavefoundthatglobalwarminghashadalargeinfluenceontheglaciernumberontheQinghaiTibetPlateau(青藏高原).Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.Sincethemid20thcentury,ChinahassentdifferentresearchexpeditionteamstoQomolangma.Butbecauseoflimitedresourcesandtechnologies,manykeyscientificquestionsarestillunanswered,suchaswhetherglobalwarmingcanmelttheiceatthetopofQomolangma,andhowecosystemcanchangeasheightincreasestoextremity.1．HowmanytimeshastheChinesescienceexpeditionteamreachedthetopsincelastyear?A．Once. B．Twice. C．Threetimes. D．Fourtimes.2．Whichparagraphbestdescribesthepicturebelow?A．Paragraph1. B．Paragraph2. C．Paragraph3. D．Paragraph4.3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．Thewayofscientistsstudyingclimatechange.B．Theeffortofgovernmenttosolveclimatechange.C．TheinfluenceofclimatechangeontheQinghaiTibetPlateau.D．TheimportanceofstudyingecosystemoftheQinghaiTibetPlateau.4．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Theteamsetoffataheightof8,830metresforthetopatabout3a.m.B．Theteamcollectedrocksamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.C．Chinahassetuptheworld'shighestautomatedweatherstationsofar.D．Allthekeyscientificquestionshavebeenanswereduptonow.【答案】1．B2．B3．D4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了中國科學(xué)家利用氣象站去研究珠穆朗瑪峰的氣候變化情況以及全球變暖對青藏高原的影響。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’sthesecondtimesincelastyearforthescienceexpedition(考察)teamtoreachthetop.”可知，自去年以來，中國科學(xué)考察隊登頂了兩次，故選B。2．推理判斷題題。根據(jù)圖片的展示可知，圖片展示的是科學(xué)家和登山者到達氣象站的情況，與第二段表達的內(nèi)容一致，故選B。3．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.”可知，本段主要是介紹研究青藏高原的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，故選D。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors(傳感器),theyfinishedimprovingtheworld’shighestautomated(自動化的)weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.”可知，到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了世界上最高的自動化氣象站。故選C。（2023·江蘇常州）Scientistswhostudyhappinesshaveevidence(證據(jù))toshowthatbeingkindtootherscanresultinhappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanliftaperson’smood,forexample.Everydaylifeisfullofchancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakethemostofthem.Instudies,behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyandIexaminedapossibleexplanation:peoplewhodokindactsunderestimate(低估)howmuchtheonesreceivingkindnessvaluetheirbehavior.Intheexperiments(實驗),about1,000peoplewereaskedtodosomeactionstomakesomeoneelsefeelgood.Weaskedboththepersonperforming(執(zhí)行)thekindactandtheonereceivingittoanswersomequestions.Theperformerswereaskedtoreporttheirownexperienceandtoguesshowthereceiversmightfeel.Wewantedtounderstandhowvaluablepeopleconsideredtheseactstobe,soboththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(評分)how“big”theactseemed.Inallcases,weparedtheperformer’sexpectationsofthereceiver’smoodwiththereceiver’sactual(實際的)experience.Forone,bothperformersandreceiversexperiencedmorepositive(積極的)moods.Foranother,thereceiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindperformersexpected.Thereceiversalsoratedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butwefoundthatperformersunderestimatedtheirpositiveinfluencesonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,performersinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolateonacoldwinter’sdaytopeoplethatjusthappenedtobenearby.Again,thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmallcouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfor.Consideringthesewarmactionscanimproveourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?5．Whatdidthereceiversdointheexperiments?A．Theyshowedkindnesstoothers.B．Theyguessedtheperformers’feelings.C．Theyratedhowvaluabletheperformers’actofkindnesswas.D．Theyparedtheperformers’expectationswiththeiractualresults.6．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Differentpurposesoftheresearch. B．Moreevidencefortheresearchresults.C．Possibleinfluencesoftheresearchfindings. D．Anotherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.7．Whatisthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsshowingkindnesstoothers?A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.8．Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A．Beingkindcanreduceone’shappinessasexpected.B．Kindnesscanhaveunexpectedlypositiveinfluences.C．Choosingkindnessismoredifficultthanexpected.D．Showingkindnessismorevaluablethanreceivingit.【答案】5．C6．B7．A8．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了研究表明，善良會產(chǎn)生意想不到的積極影響。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“boththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(評分)how‘big’theactseemed”可知接受者都必須對善意行為的程度進行評分。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople...thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.”可知本段主要介紹了一些證明研究結(jié)果的更多證據(jù)。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?”可知作者建議我們要選擇善良，所以作者對于對別人友善的行為是支持的。故選A。8．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了研究表明，善良會產(chǎn)生意想不到的積極影響。故選B。（2023·江蘇南通）Climatechange(氣候變化)hasbroughtaseriouswarningtothelivingareasoftheSiberiancrane,increasingtheneedtobetterprotectthebirdsandtheirmigratorychannels(遷徙路徑),anexpertsaid.TheSiberiancranebreeds(繁殖)innortheastSiberiainRussiaandfliestoPoyangLakeforthewinterinEastChina’sJiangxiProvince.About95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.QianFawen,aresearchprofessorfromtheNationalBirdBandingCenterofChina,saidthatPoyang’swaterlevelsdecidewhetheritissuitableforthebirdstolivethere.However,climatechangehasmadethelevelschangeoften.“Insomeyears,thelakeexperiencesfloods;inothers,itexperiencesdroughts.Bothofthesesituationscreatefoodshortagesinthecranes’livingarea,”hesaid.TheSiberiancraneislistedasseriouslyendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.“Weneedtoprotecttheirlivingarea,whichismainlywetland,sothatwecanprotectthem,”Qiansaid.IntherecentlyannouncedNationalActionPlanfortheProtectionofBirdMigrationChannels(202135),1,140placesinChinawereconsideredasimportantbreedinggrounds,winteringgroundsandstayingstops,includingPoyangandtheYellowRiverwetlandinNingxia.Theplansaidthatthegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratorybirdsandpayfarmersforlossescausedbythebirds.SinceChinajoinedtheRamsarConventiononWetlandsin1992,ithasdesignated(指定)202,600hectaresofwetlandasWetlandsofInternationalImportance.Theystoreandcleanwater,keepallkindsoflivingthings,helpstorefloodsandpreventdroughts.AccordingtoaplanannouncedbythecentralgovernmentinOctober,by2025,Chinawillhaveprotected55percentofitswetlands.AftertheWetlandsProtectionLaw,thenation’sfirstlawtoprotectwetlands,wasintroducedonJune1,2022,pleteprotectionwasstrengthened.Thelawclearlyexplainedwhatthegovernmentshoulddoandintroducedstrictpunishmentforpeoplewhodestroywetlandareas.Itlimitsbuildingatimportantnationalwetlandsanditdoesn’tallowharmfulactivities,includingusingthemasfarmlands,leavingwastewatereverywhere,harvestingandfishingtoomuch.KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringinthenation’swetlands,includingsomenewrarekinds.▲9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2toParagraph4?A．About95percentoftheSiberiancranesspendtheirwinterinPoyangLake.B．ClimatechangehaslittleinfluenceontheSiberiancranes’livingareainPoyang.C．TheSiberiancraneswillliveinPoyangallyearroundifthewetlandisprotected.D．WaterlevelsdecidethatPoyangLakeisn’tsuitablefortheSiberiancranestolive.10．Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsisrightatimportantwetlands?①buildinghouses

②makingfarmlands

③limitingfishing④leavingwastewater

⑤watchingbirdsA．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤11．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．TheproblemtheSiberiancranesfaceandthewayspeopleprotectwetlands.B．ThereasonwhytheSiberiancranesmigrateandtheplacetheyusuallystayin.C．TheimportanceofprotectingtheSiberiancranesandtheresultitwillleadto.D．Thelossofwetlandsandtheactionsthathavealreadybeentakentohelpthem.12．Whatwillthewriterprobablycontinuetowritein“▲”inParagraph8?A．Peoplehavedonesomethingtoprotectwetlands.B．Thenumberofthebirdshasincreasedinwetlands.C．Expertswillgoontodootherresearchonwetlands.D．Thegovernmentwillmakemorelawstoprotectwetlands.【答案】9．A10．C11．A12．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了西伯利亞鶴面臨的問題以及人們保護濕地的方式。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“About95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.”可知大約95%的鳥類在鄱陽湖度過冬天。故選A。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratorybirds”可知政府應(yīng)該觀察和統(tǒng)計候鳥的數(shù)量，即⑤；根據(jù)“itdoesn’tallowharmfulactivities,includingusingthemasfarmlands,leavingwastewatereverywhere,harvestingandfishingtoomuch.”可知不允許過度捕撈，即要限制捕撈，即③。故選C。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了西伯利亞鶴面臨的問題以及人們保護濕地的方式。故選A。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringinthenation’swetlands,includingsomenewrarekinds”可知中國主要自然保護區(qū)管理辦公室報告稱，有更多的鳥類在中國濕地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物種，可見濕地的鳥類數(shù)量在增加，選項B“濕地中的鳥類數(shù)量有所增加”符合語境。故選B。（2023·江蘇無錫）Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsaputerthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybegantoengageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich“friend”tocallonatouchscreenputerandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices.IlyenaHirskyjDouglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandacoauthorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelpedmanypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”Theirstudyof18petparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesofparrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyare,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orselfharmingbehaviorssuchasfeatherplucking.Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofaputertomakeacalltothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileownerstookdetailednotesonthebirds’behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofootage.JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow”thattheyweremunicatingwithotherbirds.“Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystemwiththeirparrotsinthefuture,”shesaid.“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,”saidHirskyjDouglas.“Somewouldsing,somewouldplayaroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”13．Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.A．ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocalls B．ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocallingC．whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefits D．whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems14．Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetparrots?A．Theirwaytomunicateissinging. B．Mostofthemusedtoliveinlargegroups.C．Themostpopularonesmademostcalls. D．Theycanmakevideocallsbythemselves.15．Whichwordhastheclosestmeaningto“isolated”?A．a(chǎn)mazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely16．Thefollowingparagraphcanbestgoafter________.Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph2 C．Paragraph3 D．Paragraph4【答案】13．B14．C15．D16．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹研究人員使用視頻通話幫助寵物鸚鵡擺脫孤獨。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.”可知，在美國，有2000萬只鸚鵡生活在人們的家中，我們想探索一下這些鸚鵡是否也能從視頻通話中受益。由此可知，這項研究的主要目的是找出鸚鵡是否能從視頻通話中受益。故選B。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鳥類的鸚鵡是最受歡迎的選擇。由此可知，最受歡迎的打了最多的。故選C。15．詞句猜測題。分析“Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated”可知，被允許與其他鳥類進行視頻通話的寵物鸚鵡顯示出感覺不那么孤立的跡象，此處isolated的意思是“孤立的”，故選D。16．推理判斷題。分析“Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.東北大學(xué)的麗貝卡·克萊因伯格是這項研究的第一作者，她表示視頻通話可以再現(xiàn)群體生活的一些社會效益。”可知，本句介紹的是該研究中視頻通話的效益，與第三段結(jié)尾“Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”語境相符，邏輯相連。故選C。（2023·江蘇揚州）Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(觀察),hypothesis(假設(shè)),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbepletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.17．Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B．Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C．Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D．Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.18．WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?A．Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.B．Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.C．Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.D．Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto(指的是)?A．Thehypothesis. B．Theconclusion.C．Thequestion. D．Theobservation.20．WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?A．Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.B．Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.C．Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.D．Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.【答案】17．A18．A19．B20．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基本科學(xué)方法包括四個步驟：觀察、假設(shè)、實驗和結(jié)論。17．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了基本科學(xué)方法包括四個步驟：觀察、假設(shè)、實驗和結(jié)論。選項A“科學(xué)方法的四個基本步驟是如何工作的？”最能表達出文章主旨。故選A。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.（一個好的假設(shè)包括三件事：對觀察結(jié)果的解釋，它能夠被檢驗，它通常會預(yù)測新的結(jié)果或結(jié)論。）”可知A選項“一塊糖能讓惡心的胃感覺好一點?！笔且粋€好的假設(shè)，是一個解釋，且能夠被檢驗。故選A。19．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.”可知此處“it”指代前面的“Theconclusion”，表示“結(jié)論要么明確地支持假設(shè)，要么結(jié)論不支持假設(shè)”。故選B。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知實驗是一種挑戰(zhàn)或支持假設(shè)的測試。故選C。閱讀理解之說明文一、文章特點說明文是以說明為主要表達方式來解說事物或闡明事理的文章體裁。說明文一般采用平實的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如動物的特征、介紹新生事物、自然或社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因等等。說明事物可采用多種方式：舉例法、對比法、給事物下定義法、使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片法等等。無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的本質(zhì)特征，清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。說明文條理十分清晰；時態(tài)上多為一般現(xiàn)在時。二、出題特點1.細節(jié)理解題；2.生詞詞義判斷題；3.標(biāo)題判斷題；4.主旨大意題；5.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題；6.觀點態(tài)度題。三、閱讀方法閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵：抓住事物的特點，即抓住說明對象的本質(zhì)特征。1.明確說明對象。閱讀事物說明文，首先從整體入手，把握文章的說明對象是什么；閱讀事理說明文，首先弄清文章說明了什么事理?？梢酝ㄟ^把握段落主題句來明確說明對象。2.逐段概括要點，理清說明順序。概括要點要重視首尾句的作用，重視概念句或解說性語句的作用。閱讀時可以把這些語句勾畫出來。3.整體感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之間是并列、遞進還是總分關(guān)系；是由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，還是由個別到一般，或是從結(jié)果到原因。最后總結(jié)出文章的中心思想。四、解題技巧1.閱讀做標(biāo)記。在閱讀的時候可給段落標(biāo)上序號，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞匯做上記號，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.審清題干。發(fā)掘和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認(rèn)命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。3.定位閱讀,強化對應(yīng)意識。絕大部分的說明文閱讀題都有一個共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和間接從選段中找到依據(jù)?；卮饐栴}時要注意原文利用和自我加工相結(jié)合。（2023·江蘇南京·校考一模）ApolicedramabasedonrealorganizedcrimecasesishelpingeducatethepublicabouttheValueoftheruleoflawandtheirrights,expertssaid.Aspecialcampaignlaunchedbythecentralgovernmentonfightingorganizedcrimeandlegaldepartments’rectificationmeasuresareusedasmuchofthebackgroundforTheKnockout.Thedramatellsthestoryofapoliceofficer’sfightagainstorganizedcrimeover20years,andshowstheriseanddemiseofunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficials.Ithasreceivedaratingof9.1outof10onDouban,oneofChina’smostvisitedreviewplatforms,andhasbeeoneofthemostdiscussedtopicsonsocialmediasincemidJanuary.ThedramabeganscreeningonChinaCentralTelevisionandstreamingplatformiQiyionJan14,withatotalof39episodestobeaired.Manyviewershaveapplaudedtheshow’splotlinesandtheactors’performances,andalsopraisedtheeffortsofpoliceofficersinbattlingorganizedcrime.AccordingtothemissionforPoliticalandLegalAffairsofthemunistPartyofChinaCentralmittee,from2018to2020,authoritiesbusted3,644mafialikegangsand11,675othercriminalgangs,detained237,000suspectsandinvestigated89,700casesof“protectiveumbrellas”,areferencetoofficialswhohidegangsters’crimes.WeiPengju,directoroftheInstituteofCulturalEconomicsattheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsinBeijing,saidTheKnockoutresonatedwithviewersonanemotionallevel.Reactionstotheprogramalsoreflectedhowthepublicperceivedtheworkandachievementsofthenationinbatingorganizedcrimeandbuildingasoundlegalenvironment.“Storiesoffightingorganizedcrimeareoftenattractivetoaudiences,andthisreflectspeople’sexpectationsandtrustinadvancingruleoflaw.Thehatredofgangstersandthepursuitofjusticeamongviewersisthesame,whichisthesimplestunderstandingofalawbasedsociety,”saidZhiFeina,aprofessorattheFilmandTelevisionResearchInstituteoftheChineseNationalAcademyofArts.Zhisaidthatthepositivesentimentcreatedbytheauthorities’crackdownonorganizedcrimeisanimportantreasonforthedrama’ssuccess.Thishasalsopromotedtheideaoftheruleoflaw,sheadded.21．WhatisthetypeofTheKnockout?A．Ahorriblefilm. B．Aseriousdrama. C．Adetectivestory. D．Anexcitingnovel.22．Accordingtothepassage,whichwordbestdescribesTheKnockout?A．Popular. B．Humorous. C．Romantic. D．Funny.23．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．ThedirectorofTheKnockoutdesignedtheplotonthebasisofhisimagination.B．Thepolicedefeatedunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficialsafter20yearsinTheKnockout.C．Formonpeople,TheKnockoutisnotworthwatching.D．AspecialcampaignwaslaunchedsuccessfullybythecentralgovernmentbecauseofTheKnockout.24．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph7?A．ThethoughtsinTheKnockoutareoppositetotheonesofviewers.B．Viewerscouldn’tunderstandTheKnockoutonanemotionallevel.C．TheKnockoutcaughtviewers’attentionsuccessfully.D．WhatTheKnockoutshowedwasprettyimportanttoviewers.25．WhichsayingbestexpressesthethemeofTheKnockout?A．Betterlatethannever. B．Aftertherainesthesunshine.C．Everycloudhasasilverlining. D．Justiceandfairnessmaybelate,butshallneverabsent.【答案】21．B22．A23．B24．C25．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了一部以真實有組織犯罪案件為基礎(chǔ)的警匪劇《狂飆》幫助公眾了解法治和自己的權(quán)利。該劇在中國受到廣泛關(guān)注，也反映了中國打擊有組織犯罪的成果。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ApolicedramabasedonrealorganizedcrimecasesishelpingeducatethepublicabouttheValueoftheruleoflawandtheirrights,expertssaid.”及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，《狂飆》是一部警匪劇，講述了一名警察與有組織犯罪作斗爭20年的故事，展示了黑社會人物和腐敗官員的崛起和衰落，因此可以推斷出TheKnockout是一部嚴(yán)肅的電視劇。故選B。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ithasreceivedaratingof9.1outof10onDouban,oneofChina’smostvisitedreviewplatforms,andhasbeeoneofthemostdiscussedtopicsonsocialmediasincemidJanuary.”可知，《狂飆》這部劇在豆瓣評分很高，也是社交媒體上議論較多的話題之一，因此可推斷這部劇非常受歡迎。故選A。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedramatellsthestoryofapoliceofficer’sfightagainstorganizedcrimeover20years,andshowstheriseanddemiseofunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficials.”可知，在《狂飆》這部劇中，警察在20年后擊敗了犯罪團伙和腐敗的官員。故選B。24．句意猜測題。根據(jù)“TheKnockoutresonatedwithviewersonanemotionallevel”可知，《狂飆》這部劇吸引了觀眾的注意力，在情感上引起了觀眾的共鳴。故選C。25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedramatellsthestoryofapoliceofficer’sfightagainstorganizedcrimeover20years,andshowstheriseanddemiseofunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficials.”，可知《狂飆》這部劇講述了一名警察20多年來與有組織犯罪作斗爭，最后獲勝的故事，選項D“正義和公平可能會遲到，但永遠不會缺席?！狈线@篇文章的主題。故選D。（2023·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考二模）Thewinnersofthemostrespectedawardsintheworld—theNobelPrize—wereannouncedlastweek.AccordingtothefounderAlfredNobel,theprizerecognizespeoplewhohaveprovided“thegreatestbenefit(利益)tohumankind”.Fourteenoutstandingpeople,includingscientists,politiciansandauthors,wonawardsintheprize’ssixcategories(類別).Manyofthewinnershaveonethinginmon:Theachievementstheymakedatebackyearsago.Forexample,JohnB．Goodenough,oneofthethreewinnersofthisyear’schemistryprize,is97yearsold,theoldestpersonevertowinaNobelPrize.Heandtheothertwoscientistswontheprizefordevelopingthelithiumion(鋰離子)batteriesthatweusetodayinmobilephones,laptopsandelectriccars.Thetechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1970s,nearly50yearsago.Thereasonwhyittooksolongforthisachievementtoberecognizedisthatittakestimetoseetherealvalueofanewbreakthrough.“Everyyear,therearelotsofclaimsofamazingdiscoveries,butquiteafewofthemturnouttobenotquiteasamazingaseveryonethought,”saidSvenLidin,formerchairmanoftheNobelmitteeforChemistry.“Wewanttomakesurethatweawardthosewhoopenthefirstdoorintonewscientificinsight.Thismeansthatnaturallythereisadelay.”Buthowcantheymakesurethattheyhavechosentherightwinners?Theydependonqualifiednominators.Everyyear,thousandsofpeopleareinvitedtonominatecandidates(候選人)fortheNobelPrize.TheyincludeuniversityprofessorsandpreviousNobelPrizewinners,aswellascurrentandformerNobelmitteemembers.Afterreceivingallofthenominations,afivemembermitteeforeachprizewillpickthewinners.Thenamesofboththenominatorsandcandidatesarekeptsecretfor50years.Thismeansthatmanypeoplemighthavebeennominated,butwouldneverknow.Thisrule,accordingtothechiefeditoroftheprize’sofficialwebsite,allowspeopletobehonestinthenominationprocess.26．Paragraph2ismainlywrittentoexplain________.A．whyittooksolongtorecognizethewinners’achievementsB．whatkindofpeoplecanwintheNobelPrizeC．manyofthewinners’achievementsdatebackyearsagoD．howJohnB．GoodenoughwontheNobelPrize27．Theunderlinedphrase“thisachievement”inParagraph3refersto________.A．thetechnologyoflithiumionbatteries B．theuseoflaptopsC．theinventionofmobilephones D．thedevelopmentofelectriccars28．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A．JohnB．GoodenoughisthefounderoftheNobelPrizeB．onlyscientists,professorsandauthorscanhavethechancetowintheNobelPrizeC．theNobelwinnerscannotberecognizeduntilthevalueoftheirachievementsareseenD．peoplehaveknownthenamesofthenominatorsandcandidatesbeforethenominations29．HowcanapersonwintheNobelPrize?Pleasechoosethecorrectorder.①beanominator

②applyfortheNobelPrize③haveagreatachievement

④afivemembermitteepicksthewinner⑤waityearstoseetherealvalueoftheachievementA．③②①⑤④ B．②③①④⑤ C．①②③④⑤ D．③①④⑤②【答案】26．C27．A28．C29．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了為什么諾貝爾獎的獲得會有延遲。26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Manyofthewinnershaveonethinginmon:Theachievemen