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第4頁共14頁虛擬語氣講解和練習(xí)(附答案)概念理解 虛擬語氣(thesubjunctivemood),又稱假設(shè)語氣,是謂語動詞的一種形式,表示說話人敘述的內(nèi)容與事實相反,在現(xiàn)實中并不存在,或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小。一、動詞的語氣語氣用來區(qū)別講話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中的語氣(mood)有三種,分別是陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。1.陳述語氣陳述語氣一般用來敘述事實或就事實提出詢問,主要用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。Wherethereisawill,there'saway.有志者事竟成。Canyouhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs你能幫我把箱子搬到樓上嗎?HowImissedthelifeinthecountryside!我多么想念鄉(xiāng)村的生活??!2.祈使語氣祈使語氣表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛳逻_命令。Comethisway,please!請這邊走。Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou別吵,行嗎?Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過馬路時一定要小心。3.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.但愿四季如春。Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運!知識清單清單一、條件句中的虛擬語氣英語中條件從句有兩類,一類是真實條件句,另一類是非真實條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,是真實條件句;如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。A.真實條件句真實條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用陳述語氣。Ifhedoesn'tcomeat8,wewon'twaitforhim.如果他八點不來,我們就不等他了。Ifafloodhappenedinthepast,therewasusuallyagreatlossoflifeandproperty.過去發(fā)生洪水的話,常有很大的生命和財產(chǎn)損失。Weshallgothereunlessitrainstomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們將去那里。I'llletyouusemybikeonconditionthatyoukeepitclean.如果你能保持車子干凈,我就讓你用我的自行車。B.非真實條件句在含有非真實條件句的復(fù)合句中,主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用虛擬語氣,其構(gòu)成有三種形式:與現(xiàn)在事實相反if條件句的謂語:were/did主句的謂語:would(could/should/might)+do與過去事實相反if條件句的謂語:haddone主句的謂:would(could/should/might)+havedone與將來事實相反if條件句的謂語:did/were主句的謂:should(would/could/might/wereto)+do基本規(guī)律:正常時態(tài)+過去1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的條件條件從句用動詞的過去式(be動詞用were),主句用should(第一人稱)或would/could/might(全部人稱)+動詞原形。would、could、might存在詞義上的區(qū)別。IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgoandseemyfriends.明天要是星期天的話,我就去看望我的朋友。IfIwereyou,Ishouldgoandtry.我要是你,我就去試試。Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.如果幻想能成為馬匹,叫花子都有了坐騎2.表示與過去事實相反的條件條件從句用動詞的過去完成時,主句用用should(第一人稱)或would/could/might(全部人稱)+havedone。IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.如果昨天我知道你的電話號碼,我就給你打電話了。Ifithadnotrainedthismorning,Ishouldhavegoneshopping.今天早上要是沒下雨,我就去買東西了。Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagestothepeopleifwehadnotbuiltsomanyreservoirs.倘若我們沒有修建這么多的水庫,洪水就會使人民遭受巨大的損失。3.表示在將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的條件:條件從句有三種形式:①were/did條件從句用動詞的過去式were/did,主句用should(第一人稱)或would/could/might(全部人稱)+動詞原形。Ifhewereheretomorrow,Iwouldspeaktohim.明天如果他在這里的話,我就和他談?wù)?。虛擬語氣除主要用于非真實條件句外,還可用在部分主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句之中。A.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣主句中的動詞、名詞、形容詞如表示要求、建議、命令或愿望等含義,與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句通常用于“Itis+形容詞名詞動詞的-ed形式+that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。主語從句中是否用虛擬語氣取決于所用的形容詞或動詞的-ed形式,其謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”(美國英語常省略should,只用動詞原形)。①表示建議或命令I(lǐng)tisimportantthatwe(should)workoutastudyplan.重要的是我們要制訂出一個學(xué)習(xí)計劃。Itwillbebetterthatwe(should)meetsomeothertime.最好我們在另一個時間見面。Itissuggestedthateachstudent(should)singasonginEnglish.有人建議每個學(xué)生都要唱一首英文歌曲。Itisdemandedthatheshouldleaveatonce.要求他立刻離開。②表示驚訝Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedtoseehisownshortcomings.真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺點。Itisapity/shamethatIshouldbeatschoolinsteadoflyinghereinhospital.真可惜,我應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校而不是躺在醫(yī)院里。Itisnaturalthatyoushouldforgetitfirst.你起先記不住是很自然的。 必背:常見的要接含有虛擬語氣主語從句的詞形容詞:important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等動詞的-ed形式:arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed等Itisnecessarythattheprogram(should)beloadedintothecomputer.有必要把程序輸入電腦。Itisstrangethatheshouldhavelearnedsomuchinsuchashorttime.很奇怪他竟然在如此短的時間內(nèi)學(xué)了那么多的東西。Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.希望一切在今晚前準(zhǔn)備就緒。2.賓語從句虛擬語氣常用在表示要求、建議、命令或愿望的動詞后的賓語從句中。常見的賓語從句中需用“should+動詞原形”的動詞有:一個堅持:insist兩個命令:order,command三個建議:suggest,advise,propose四個要求:demand,require,ask,desire①在suggest(建議),order(命令),propose(建議),insist(堅持要做),command(命令),request(要求),advise(建議)等動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用should+動詞原形(美國英語常省略should)。Theexaminationinstructoraskedthatthestudents(should)notuseacalculator.考官要求學(xué)生不要使用計算器。Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beraisedby10percent.工人們要求增加百分之十的工資。Theyrequestedthathe(should)singasong.他們要求他唱一首歌。比較:動詞suggest和insist后面的賓語從句,應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況選用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。suggest作“建議”解時,用虛擬語氣,作“使想起、暗示”解時,用陳述語氣。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默暗示他贊同我的決定。(暗示)HesuggestedthatI(should)sticktomydecision.他建議我堅持自己的決定。(建議)insist作“堅決要求”解時,用虛擬語氣,作“堅持認為”解時,用陳述語氣。Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople'shealth.他堅持認為做早操對健康有益。(強調(diào))Heinsiststhathe(should)domorningexerciseseveryday.他堅持每天都要做早操。(要求)②在動詞wish后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣,表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。一般過去時were/did表示目前不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望IwishIwereabird.但愿我是一只小鳥。IwishIknewtheanswer.我要是知道答案就好了。過去完成時haddone表示過去不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那時她要是接受我的建議就好了。IwishthatIhadseenheryesterday.真希望我昨天見過她。過去將來時would/coulddo表示將來沒有把握或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望Iwishyouwouldstayanhourlonger.我希望你再呆一個小時。Iwishitcouldstopraining.但愿雨能停。提示:由于wish和hope的漢語意思差不多,在使用上往往容易出錯。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”,表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,后接從句時要用虛擬語氣;hope表示“希望”,指可以實現(xiàn)的希望,后接從句時用陳述語氣。Thestudentshopethattheirfootballteamwillwinthegame.學(xué)生們希望他們的足球隊獲勝。(可能實現(xiàn))IwishIcouldseehimnow.我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他。(不可能實現(xiàn))3.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中,謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。Thedemandisthatthecomposition(should)bewrittenononesideonly.按照要求作文必須單面謄寫。Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamily(should)gatheronceayear.我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團圓一次。Thesuggestionthateducation(should)bereformedisreasonable.教育要改革的建議是合理的。必背:表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞常見的有advice 建議demand要求desire愿望decision決定idea 意見motion 提議order命令proposal提議requirement要求request 請求regulation規(guī)章suggestion建議B.狀語從句中的虛擬語氣①方式狀語從句由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實的情況,也可以用虛擬語氣表示與事實不符或與事實相反的情況。a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實不相符,用一般過去時Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.這位老師對待這位學(xué)生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。(這位學(xué)生并不是她的親生孩子)b.表示與過去事實不相符,用過去完成時Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感覺我們好像認識多年了。(其實并沒有認識多年)c.表示與將來事實不相符,用would/might/couldItlooksasifitmightrain.天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)對比:Helooksasifheisyoung.看樣子他好像很年輕。(他就是年輕)Helooksasifhewereyoung.看樣子他好像很年輕。(實際上他不年輕)②目的狀語從句a.由incase,lest,forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,動詞用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示憂慮或目的。PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseI(should)forget.請你明天再提醒我這件事,以免我忘記。Sheemphasizeditagainandagain,lesthe(should)forget.她一再強調(diào)這一點免得他忘記。Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetofaceforfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.我們開了一個會,面對面談了這件事,以免發(fā)生任何誤會.b.在inorderthat和sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,往往用can(could)或may(might)。IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforget.我要把你的電話號碼記下來,以免忘記。Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.為了能提前完成工作,他們比往常更加努力。Wewilltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.我把真實情況告訴你,使你能自己作出判斷。③讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句指事實時,從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣。若從句內(nèi)容表示現(xiàn)在和將來的假設(shè)情況,從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。Thoughhe(should)fail,therewouldstillbehope.即使他失敗了,仍有一線希望。Ishouldsaythesamethingevenifhewerehere.即使他在這里,我還是要這么說。Whetherhe(should)succeedorfail,weshallhavetodoourpart.不管他成功還是失敗,我們還是要做好自己的事。Howeverharditmightrainrains,weshallgotheretogether.不管雨下得多么大,今晚我們還是要去那里。Nomatterwhathissocialposition(might)be,amanisequalintheeyeofthelaw.一個人不論其社會地位如何,在法律面前都是平等的。C.定語從句中的虛擬語氣在Itis(high)time(that)...結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式,表示“到某人該做某事的時間了”。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.到孩子們睡覺的時間了。Itishightimethatwebeganthemeeting.正是我們開會的時間了。四、其他句型中的虛擬語氣A.IfonlyIfonly位于句首引起的感嘆句用虛擬語氣,動詞用一般過去時表示目前的愿望,用過去完成時表示過去的愿望,用would或could表示將來。Ifonlyheknewtheanswer.他要是知道答案就好了。(用過去時表示現(xiàn)在)IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能講幾種外語就好了?。ㄓ脀ould/could表示將來)Ifonlyyouhadtoldmethetruthbefore.要是你以前告訴我真相就好了。(用過去完成時表示過去)注意:ifonly和wish的用法相同,表示的意愿也基本相同。Ifonlyitwouldrain.但愿天能下點兒雨!=HowIwishitwouldrain.IfonlyIhadknownherearlier!要是我早點兒認識她就好了!=IwishIhadknownherearlier.B.wouldratherwouldrather,wouldprefer,wouldsooner等后接從句,表示“寧愿”,動詞用過去時表示當(dāng)時和將來的情況,用過去完成時表示過去的情況。Iwouldratheryoulefttoday.我寧可你今天走。Iwouldpreferhedidn'tstayheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在這兒呆得太久。IwouldratherIhadn'tseenthatfilmyesterday.我寧愿昨天沒有看那場電影。提示:wouldrather主要有兩種用法。1.后接不帶to的不定式I'dratherplaytennisthanswim.我寧愿打網(wǎng)球,也不愿游泳。I'drathernotgotothemovies.我寧愿不去看電影。Whichwouldyouratherhave,teaorcoffee你喜歡喝茶,還是咖啡2.后接不用連詞的that從句I'dratheryouwenthomenow.我希望你現(xiàn)在就回家。Iwouldrathermydaughterattendedapublicschool.我希望我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。C.表示愿望的感嘆句在表示祝愿的感嘆句中,用動詞原形,表示愿望。LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!中華人民共和國萬歲!Mayyoubehappy!祝您快樂!Godblessyou!上帝保佑你!Successattendyou!祝你成功!TheLordsaveus!愿主救我們!D.情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣部分情態(tài)動詞的過去形式(could,might,should,would),可以用于非真實條件句以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中表示虛擬語氣。1.表示想像或猜測IfIcouldspeakFrench,Iwouldteachyou.如果我會說法語,我就能教你。(我不會,所以不能教你)Ifyouphonedhimrightnow,youmightgetthemattersettled.如果你現(xiàn)在給他打電話,你就可以把問題解決了。Therecouldbesomethingwrongwiththetaperecorder.這臺錄音機可能出毛病了。Hemighthavesaidso.他可能這樣說過。Couldhehavedonesuchafoolishthing他會做這樣的傻事嗎?2.表示委婉或客氣虛擬語氣(could,would,might+動詞原形)可使說話者的口氣變得委婉客氣。 Youcouldanswerthisemailforme.你可以替我回這個電子郵件。Couldyouleavemeyourtelephonenumberandaddress你能將電話號碼和地址留給我嗎?Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow勞駕把窗子打開,好嗎?Youmightaswellputoffthediscussiontillnextweek.你們不妨把討論推遲到下個星期。比較:wouldliketodo愿意,想要wouldliketohavedone本來想Iwouldlike(tohave)awordwithyou.我想和你談一談。(現(xiàn)在想)Iwouldliketohavetalkedwithyou.我原本想和你談一談的。(沒有談成)3.表示惋惜或責(zé)備Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonebetter.如果給我們更多時間,我們能夠干得更好些。(我們并沒有得到更多的時間)Youcouldhavegotupalittleearlier!你完全可以早點兒起來?。▽嶋H上沒有早起)Itwascoldyesterday.Ishouldhavewornaheavycoat.昨天很冷,我該穿件厚外套的。(但我沒穿)Thiswallshouldn'thavebeenpainedblue.這墻不應(yīng)該漆成藍色。(但已漆了)提示:當(dāng)代英語一個顯著的變化就是虛擬語氣的使用越來越少,許多該用虛擬語氣的地方都用陳述語氣代替。HesuggestedthatIwenttothehospitalatonce.他建議我們立刻去醫(yī)院。(原應(yīng)用shouldgo)Weshallwritedowntheaddresslestweforget.我們要把地址記下來,以免忘記。(原應(yīng)用shouldforget)Imagineyouareanastronaut.設(shè)想你是個宇航員。(原應(yīng)用were)ExerciseOne1.Wedemandedthatwe__________ofanychangeintheplan.A)informedB)wouldbeinformedC)beinformedD)hadbeeninformed2.It’snecessarythathe_________arecognizedqualification.A)hasB)haveC)hadD)having3.It'shightimewe____________ourattentiontothisproblem.A)turnedB)turnC)hadturnedD)wouldturn4.Ifonlyyou__________himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.didn'ttoldB)hadn'ttoldC)wouldnottellD)wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe____________herethen.wouldhavebeenB)hadbeenC)shouldhavebeenD)couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____________before.hadinventedB)wereinventedC)shouldhavebeeninventedD)hadbeeninvented7._____________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A)WeretheytoB)CouldtheyC)IftheyD)Wouldthey8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe____________thelastbus.hadcaughtB)shouldhavecaughtC)couldhavecaughtD)caught9.You____________theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A)shouldn'thavewashedB)mustn'thavewashedC)cannothavewashedD)needn'thavewashed10.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_________ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A)hastogetB)weretogetC)hadgotD)couldhavegot11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____________himself.A)injureB)hadinjuredC)injuredD)wouldinjure12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios__________after11o'clockatnight.A)werenotplayedB)nottoplayC)notbeplayedD)didnotplay13.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_________onbusinessfirst.(98-1-59)A)wouldgoB)willgoC)wentD)havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney___________tofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)wascollectedD)canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee__________theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.approveB)willapproveC)canapproveD)wouldapprove16.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom________tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A)isassignedB)willbeassignedC)beassignedD)hasbeenassigned17.You_________herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.needn'thaveseenB)musthaveseenC)mighthaveseenD)can'thaveseen18.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_________him.A)wouldhavetelephonedB)musthavetelephonedC)wouldtelephoneD)hadtelephoned19.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_________untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted20.IwishI________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A)couldhavesleptB)sleptC)mighthavesleptD)haveslept21.I________hertothepartybutIdidn'tknowherwell.A)oughthaveB)wouldhaveinvitedC)shouldinviteD)mayhaveinvited22.You________totowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.A)needn'tgoB)shouldnotgoC)hadbetternotgoD)needn'thavegone23.Withallthisworkonhand,he__________tothecinemalastnight.A)mustn'tgoB)wouldn'tgoC)oughtn'ttogoD)shouldn'thavegone24.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms___________backbeforethedeadline(截止日期)A)mustbesentB)wouldbesentC)besentD)weresent

ExerciseTwo1.IfI_________theopportunityIwouldnothavemissedit.A)hadgivenC)hadbeengivingB)wasgivenD)hadbeengiven2.Ifwe_______yesterday,we_________thework.A)weren'tinterrupted..,wouldfinishB)didn'tinterrupt..,wouldhavefinishedC)hadn'tbeeninterrupted..,wouldhavefinishedD)hadn'tinterrupted..,wouldhavefinished3.Askhimtoringmeupifyou____________him.A)shouldseeC).sawB)wouldseeD)willsee4.Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,but________ifyouhadspentlesstimeinplayingfootball?A)wouldn'ttheyhavebeenbetterC)won'ttheybebetterB)wouldn'ttheybebetterD)won'ttheyhavebeenbetter5.Ididn'tknowthisPicassoexhibitwasclosed,butIwouldn'thavebeenabletocomeevenif_________aboutit.A)IknowC)IhavebeenknowingB)I'dknownD)I'veknown6.Ifhe___________hardinthepastfiveyears,thingswouldn'tbegoingsosmoothly.A)hadnotbeenworkingC)wasnotworkingB)hasnotbeenworkingD)werenotworking7."Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?""No.Ifhehad,Idon'tbelievehe__________thelivingroomwindow."A)wouldhavebrokenC)hasbrokenB)hadbrokenD)broke8.Iwishthatyouhadn'thadsuchabadheadachebecauseI'msurethatyou________theconcert.A)willenjoyC)wouldenjoyB)willhaveenjoyedD)wouldhaveenjoyed9.I'dratheryou__________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A)doB)didn'tdoC)don'tdoD)didn't10.Hedoesn'tdaretoleavethehouseincase___________.A)hewillrecognizeC)heisrecognizedB)heshouldberecognizedD)herecognize11.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe___________.A)fellbehindC)shouldfallbehindB)mayfallbehindD)wouldfallbehind12.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit_________ontheway.A)breaksdownC)wouldbreakdownB)brokedownD)shouldbreakdown13.Itishighlydesirablethatanewchairman___________forthecommittee.A)willbeelectedC)electB)iselectedD)beelected14.Itisrequestedthateverystudent___________aplanforthenextsemester.A)makesB)willmakeC)makeD)wouldmake15.Thelibrarianrecommendedthattheprofessor__________thenewlypublishedbook.A)borrowC)shouldhaveborrowedB)borrowedD)borr

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