專題6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)梳理與精練

Today,giveastrangeroneofyoursmiles.Itmightbetheonlysunshineheseesallday.今天，給一個(gè)陌生人送上你的微笑吧。很可能，這是他一天中見到的唯一的陽光。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一．1.結(jié)構(gòu) have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞否定句 haven’t/hasn’t+動(dòng)詞過去分詞疑問句 Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞？肯定回答Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.2.過去分詞的變化A直接加edB不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加dC輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加edD以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加edE不規(guī)則變化見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表3.過去分詞ed發(fā)音規(guī)律清念/t/元濁/d//t//d/以后念/id/finished borrowed wantedpassed enjoyed shoutedhelped called neededcooked moved counted4.havebeento表示曾經(jīng)去過某地（現(xiàn)在不在那里了），后面可接去過某地的次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等。havegoneto表示已經(jīng)去了某地（現(xiàn)在還沒有返回）。havebeenin表示在某地多長時(shí)間了，常在含有for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語的句子中使用。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一1.youevertoBeijing?No,I.2.WhereisMike?HetoBeijingalready.3.Whereyou?Icouldn’tfindyou.4.youruncletotheGreatWallyet?Yes,he.5.MrSmithJapanforthreeyears.6.China[r??p?:tid]thatwehasalreadymadegreatprogressinthepast20years.7.We[?s?t?sfa?d]people’sneedswithmorekindsoffoodandclothes.二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Chinahasdevelopedrapidlysincethereformandopeningup.(改為疑問句)rapidlysincethereformandopeningup?2.ShehasgonetoCubatobeavolunteer.SheCubatobeavolunteersincethissummerholiday.3.I’velearntalotfromit.(改為否定句)Ialotfromit.4.Haveyoubeentoanyotherplace?,.(肯定回答)二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列副詞連用：already已經(jīng)（多用于肯定陳述句，句中）yet尚，還，仍然（多用于否定句、疑問句，句末）ever曾經(jīng)（多用于疑問句，句中）recently最近（多用于句末）never從不（多用于否定句，句中）just僅僅（多用于肯定句句中）before之前（一般位于句末）用just,already,yet,recently,ever,never填空a.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?No,Ihavebeenthere.b.Ihavereadthenoveltwice.c.Haveyoufinishedyourwork?d.Ihaven’theardfromher.e.Hehasgoneshoppingwithhisparents.f.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.g.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.h.Hasthebusleft?Yes,ithasleft.i.你曾經(jīng)去過法國嗎？HaveyoubeentoFrance?j.以前我從沒丟過書。Ihavelostbooksbefore.三．—現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.Hehasbeenawayfromthearmyfornineyearsbecauseofalegwound.(1)for和since區(qū)別for用來說明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)間長短，即多長時(shí)間，時(shí)間段用來說明動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)，即時(shí)間點(diǎn)，指具體的年，月，日，時(shí)，星期幾sincesince+一段時(shí)間+ago，表示自……時(shí)間前開始至今since+一般過去時(shí)從句Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)從句時(shí)間段+haspassedsince+一般過去時(shí)從句(2)leave為瞬間性動(dòng)詞（短暫性），不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如果有時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語，要將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?！炬溄印砍Ｒ姸虝鹤冄永m(xù)的動(dòng)詞die——bedead borrow/lend——keep e/go——beinbuy——have leave——beaway(from) finish——beoverbegin/start——beon open——beopen close——beclosedbee——be join——beinhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段have/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Howlong疑問句用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.9.ItthreeyearsIcametoAmerica.課后練習(xí)一．用“for”或“since”填空。1999oneyearSaturday10o’clocklastweekstwoweeks10hoursagohewasborntwomonthsagooverfivedayswecameherelastyear二．、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Everystudent_________________(see)thefilmalready.2.KentandI__________________(write)asongbefore.3.Dick_______________(do)theworkthesedays.4.Thepeopleinthemountains________never________(see)films.5.Patty_______________(buy)amagazineabouttheschoollife.6.Theactress________________(live)hereallherlife.7.Theglassisbroken.Who________(break)thisglass?8.Finallytheworkers______________(finish)thatjob.9.________you________(borrow)thebookwetalkedabutlasttime?10.There’snomorewineinthebottle.They________(drink)allofit.11.Tom________(leave)amessageforyou.He________(call)lastnight.12.I______________(see)themovieoncebefore.I__________(love)italot.13.A:__________________(you/hear)thenews?B:yes,I________A:Who_______________(tell)youthenews?B:LiMing________(do)A:When____________________(he/tell)you?B:Twohoursago.14.I_______already_______(see)thefilm.I_______(see)itlastweek.15.______he_________(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.16.______you______(be)toHongKong?Yes,I_________(be)theretwice.17.______youever________(eat)chocolatesundaes?No,never.18.Myfather_______just________(e)backfromwork.Heistirednow.19.Where`sLiMing?He________(go)totheteacher`soffice.20.Shanghai______(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit______________(bee)alargecity.21.I___________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.22.SofarI____________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.23.Howlong______theWangs_________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)I______________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn`tetoschoolbecausehe`sill.(就劃線部分提問)__________________heetoschool?3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就劃線部分提問)___________________________learnedEnglish?4.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)I________j