專題01動(dòng)詞（復(fù)習(xí)講義）中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)（學(xué)生版）

專題01動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)講義【要點(diǎn)歸納|典例解析】動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或做什么。動(dòng)詞有五種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。一、行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，按照其后是否能跟賓語(yǔ)，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1. 及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)其意義才完整。Ilikethismagazineverymuch.“我非常喜歡這本雜志。”（2021·重慶九龍坡·重慶市育才中學(xué)?？级＃㏕hespacecraft“Tianwen1”successfully________Mars(火星)inFebruarythisyear,andIreallyhopethatIcanwalkonthatredplanetoneday.A．got B．a(chǎn)rrived C．reached D．saved（2022·北京·統(tǒng)考一模）—Alongjourneycanbecoveredonlybytakingonestepatatime.—Iagree.Allsmallthingcan________andbeebigthings.A．a(chǎn)ddup B．setup C．showup D．getup2. 不及物動(dòng)詞(1)自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ)。如：Westudyhard.“我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。”Birdscanfly.“鳥(niǎo)會(huì)飛?！?2)不及物動(dòng)詞如需加賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)借助相應(yīng)介詞。如：Lookattheblackboard.“看黑板?！盠istentomecarefully.“仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我講?！保?022·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第四十七中學(xué)校考二模）—Thefouryearlifeinmiddleschoolwillbe________toallofus.—Therearemanymovingstories________inourclass.A．value,tohappen B．valuable,happened C．ofvalue,thathavehappened（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·?？家荒＃狧owdoyoulikeZhangJing’stranslationatthemeetingbetweenChinaandtheUS?—Wonderful!Itisworth________.A．listening B．listeningto C．tolistento（2020·湖北襄陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考一模）—It’s12yearssinceWenchuanhadthatterribleearthquake.—Timeflies!Nowgreatchangeshave_________duringthepast12years.A．happened B．beenhappened C．takenplace D．beentakenplace（2020·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Noonecantellwhenthey________.—Whenthey________,I’llletyouknowatonce.A．return;willarrive B．willreturn;reach C．willreturn;arrive二、系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞(look,sound,taste,smell,feel)、表變化的系動(dòng)詞(get,turn,go,bee)和狀態(tài)類系動(dòng)詞(keep,stay,leave,remain)等。如：Shewasnotonlyintelligentbutalsoverymusical.“她不僅聰明，而且極具音樂(lè)天分?！盩hefishtastesdelicious.“這魚(yú)嘗起來(lái)真好吃。”Themotherwentmadafterthetrafficaccident.“車(chē)禍后這位母親發(fā)瘋了?！盌on’tkeepthedooropenwhenyou’reout.“你出去的時(shí)候別把門(mén)開(kāi)著?！保?023·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mum,what’sinthekitchen?It________delicious!—Oh,it’sthechicken.A．sounds B．tastes C．smells（2023春·全國(guó)·七年級(jí)專題練習(xí)）Thenumberofthescientists________57andanumberofthem________fromAmerica.A．is;is B．is;are C．a(chǎn)re;are D．a(chǎn)re;is（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考一模）Ireallyenjoythenoodlesandvegetables.They________delicious.A．taste B．stay C．feel D．sound（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考一模）Thefoodinthefridge________bad.Throwitaway,please.A．issmeltterrible B．smellsterrible C．smellsterribly（2022·甘肅隴南·?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Theoranges________nice.aretasted B．taste C．istasted D．Tastes（2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）—________sweetmusic!Doyoulikeit?—Um,it________beautiful!A．Howa;sounds B．Whata;listens C．What;sounds D．How;hears三、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定、疑問(wèn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等。主要的助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。分類分類作用be用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：be＋v.－ing/過(guò)去分詞do用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句；

代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞；

用在動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣have用于構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)：

have/has＋過(guò)去分詞will/shall用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：

will/shall/would/should＋動(dòng)詞原形Theputerwasboughtashisbirthdaypresent.“這臺(tái)電腦是作為生日禮物買(mǎi)給他的?！薄狣oyougotoworkbycar？—No,Idon’t.——“你開(kāi)車(chē)上班嗎？——不，沒(méi)有?！盩heyhaveseenthemovie.“他們看過(guò)這部電影了?！盨hallwegotothezoo?“我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎？” （2022·福建南平·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Lotsofpeople________theirbesttokeepourcountrysafeinawaragainstCOVID19.A．isdoing B．a(chǎn)redoing C．weredoing（2022·安徽蕪湖·統(tǒng)考二模）—Idon’tthinkyoucantakephotoshere.Lookatthatsign!—Sorry,I_________itjustnow.A．notice B．willnotice C．haven’tnoticed D．didn’tnotice（2022·廣西桂林·統(tǒng)考一模）We_______oftengotoschoolbefore8:00a.m..A．a(chǎn)ren’t B．don’t C．doesn’t（2022·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考一模）Hello!I’mverygladtoseeyouagain.When________you________here?A．did;arrive B．will;arrive C．have;arrived D．a(chǎn)re;arriving（2022·北京海淀·101中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）IfI________doitnow,Iwillneverdoit.A．a(chǎn)mnot B．won’t C．didn’t D．don’t（2022·安徽滁州·統(tǒng)考一模）—IwonderwhohelpedtheboyimprovehisEnglishlastterm.—Well,Ms.Lee________.A．do B．does C．did D．wasdoing四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但僅僅表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，需和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法含義例句need

表必要性需要；

必須You

needn’t

run

so

fast.

“你不必跑這么快?！庇胣eed提問(wèn)時(shí)，

肯定回答用must,

否定回答用needn’t或don’t

have

to沒(méi)必要；

不必Need

I

finish

my

homework

now?

“我需要現(xiàn)在完成作業(yè)嗎？”Yes,

you

must.

“是的，

你必須完成?！盢o,

you

needn’t/don’t

have

to.“不，

你不必?！薄鼻閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞用法含義例句will/would用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句中表提議愿意；將Will/Wouldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?“你可以把垃圾拿出去嗎？”will用于各種人稱，表示將來(lái)或意愿Yourparentswilltrytheirbesttohelpyou.“你的父母將會(huì)盡力幫助你?！鼻閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞用法含義例句haveto表客觀需要，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化不得不PeoplehavetowearafacemaskduringCOVID－19.“疫情期間人們不得不戴上口罩。（2023·上海普陀·統(tǒng)考一模）Accordingtothetrafficrules,we________rideanelectricbikewithoutahelmet(頭盔).A．mustn’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．maynot（2023·廣東中山·中山一中?？家荒＃狶ook!ThelightinLucy’sofficeisstillon.She________beworkingthere.—It________beher.ShehasgonetoHangzhouonbusiness.A．must;can’t B．can;mustn’t C．must;mustn’t D．may;needn’t（2023·河北石家莊·統(tǒng)考一模）—Let’sridetherollercoaster（過(guò)山車(chē)）.Itisreallyexciting.—You________bejoking!Don’tyouknowI’mafraidofhighplaces?A．must B．can C．may D．should（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mum,Ihavesignedforthebox.What’sinit?—I’mnotsure.It________beapresentfromyouruncle.A．must B．need C．will D．may（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·校聯(lián)考一模）—_________ItakeamobilephonewithmeforourspringoutingtoSunacLand?—Unlessyou’reallowed.A．Should B．May C．Must D．Will（2023·河北邯鄲·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mary,________Iuseyourdictionary?—Sure,hereitis.A．should B．must C．can D．need（2023·上海青浦·統(tǒng)考一模）“You________beafraidofthedog.Itwon’tbiteyou,”saidtheowner.A．won’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．can’t（2023·河北石家莊·統(tǒng)考一模）______yousmellsomethingburning?Goandseewhat’shappening.A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need（