專題10.第十章動詞語態(tài)（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（學(xué)生版）-2021-2022學(xué)年英語初升高銜接大串講（人教版2019）

第十章動詞語態(tài)初中知識回顧回顧一：各類時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)8種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)表達(dá)形式：①一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+過去分詞；②一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞；③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/arebeing+過去分詞；④過去進(jìn)行時：was/werebeing+過去分詞；⑤一般將來時：willbe+過去分詞；⑥過去將來時：wouldbe+過去分詞；⑦現(xiàn)在完成時：has/havebeen+過去分詞；⑧過去完成時：hadbeen+過去分詞。1.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinesebyalargenumberofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspoken C.speak D.isspeaking回顧二：情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式為：情態(tài)動詞+be/havebeen+及物動詞的過去分詞。2.Pleaseebackearlier,honey!I'mnotachild!Ishouldwhattodo!A.betold B.notbetold C.tell D.tells3.(2021北京,11)Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyed B.enjoy C.wereenjoyed D.areenjoyed4.(2021湖北武漢,31)—DidyounoticethestudentsafewwhyquestionsinMr.Zhang’sclass?

—Yes,Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.A.areasked B.mustbeasked C.havebeenaskedD.wereasked5.(2021河北,39)Thesegiftsbychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.

A.made B.weremade C.make D.aremade6.(2021云南昆明,32)Alotofteenagersthinkastheyareolderandwiser,theytomaketheirowndecisions.

A.shouldallow B.shouldn’tallow C.shouldbeallowed D.shouldn’tbeallowed7.(2021遼寧本溪,9)Thevideosaboutcookingtellushowfood.

A.makes B.made C.ismade D.wasmade8.(2021內(nèi)蒙古包頭,34)TeafromChinabegantobesentabroadmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenittotheworld.

A.wasknown B.isknown C.hasbeenknown D.knows高中知識銜接高中階段，我們將學(xué)習(xí)到更復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，因此主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)也會相對復(fù)雜一些。被動語態(tài)在高中階段，因?yàn)橥霈F(xiàn)在較復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯中，因而需要在學(xué)習(xí)的時候認(rèn)真記憶詞匯并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。知識一：被動語態(tài)的特殊表達(dá)法1.表示被動含義的主動動詞系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些系動詞常表示被動意義。常見的有taste(吃起來)，sound(聽起來)，prove(證明是)，feel(摸上去感到)等。如：Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良藥苦口。2.表示被動含義的主動結(jié)構(gòu)(1)動名詞beworth(值得)，want(=need)(需要)，require(需要)后所用的動名詞，必須用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如：Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的頭發(fā)該剪了。(2)不定式作定語：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常表示動賓關(guān)系，即用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這種情形最常出現(xiàn)在“There+be+主語+修飾主語的不定式”和“及物動詞+賓語（或雙賓語）+修飾賓語的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，特別是“主語+have+賓語+修飾賓語的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Thereissomuchworktodo.有這么多事情要做。(3)主語+be+形容詞+不定式常用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有amusing(有趣的)，cheap(便宜的)，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，hard(困難的)等。如：Thefilmisinterestingtosee.這部電影看起來很有趣。3.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“be+under+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示某事“在進(jìn)行中”。如：Thebuildingisunderconstruction.這座樓正在建設(shè)中。經(jīng)典例題—HaveyoureadthebookJaneEyre?Yes.It'safamousbookandreallyworthA.toread B.reading C.toberead D.read【引申】Youshouldgetupearlytomorrowmorningandgettherebeforethedooropens.Afterall,thenovelwell.A.issold B.isselling C.sells D.sold【歸納】sell(銷售)，wash(洗)，clean(打掃)，bun(燃燒)，cook(煮)等詞有用主動表被動的用法，需要特別記憶。知識二：被動形式表主動某些“動詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞，在變成被動語態(tài)時，表主動。此類動詞有devote,lose,dress,seat等。如：Thegirldressedherselfablueskirt.→Thegirlwasdressedinablueskirt..那個女孩穿著藍(lán)色的裙子。經(jīng)典例題Shortlyafterweawaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.A.seated B.wereseated C.satourselves D.tookplaces知識三：區(qū)別被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)在構(gòu)成上是相同的，都是由be+過去分詞而構(gòu)成，所以在應(yīng)用時應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)：表示以主語為承受者的動作。系表結(jié)構(gòu)：表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。有些動詞的過去分詞跟在系動詞后，已經(jīng)具有形容詞特征，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)往往是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：beexcited興奮的；bepleted完成的；befinished完成的；bedelighted高興的；besurprised驚訝的；befrightened害怕的；betired累的；bemarried已婚的；beworried擔(dān)心的。我們可以通過狀語來判斷句子是被動語態(tài)，還是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)有時間狀語和方式狀語的，一般為被動語態(tài)。如：Thelibraryisclosedatsix.圖書館六點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。(2)在句中有by+人和by+抽象名詞時，句子多用被動語態(tài)，而by+物時，多用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thebuildingsweresurroundedbypeople.大樓被人們包圍了。（被動語態(tài)）Thehouseissurroundedbytrees.房子周圍都是樹。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）思考總結(jié)被動語態(tài)常見的考點(diǎn)為：1.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的拼寫；2.主動形式表示被動含義的表達(dá)方式；3.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)；4.被動語態(tài)和主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。我們要學(xué)會靈活使用被動語態(tài)，在書面表達(dá)中，這會使得文章顯得地道、精煉。隨堂練習(xí)一.單句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

二.單句改錯5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

三1.(2019江蘇,33)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.

2.(2019天津,8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

3.(2018天津,13)Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

4.(2018江蘇,30)Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.

5.(2017北京,29)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones(invent)yet.

6.(2017天津,6)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.

7.(2017江蘇,27)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).

8.(2016北京,30)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)withsuccessintheend.

9.(2015天津,9)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.

10.(2015北京,22)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We(treat)wellbyourhosts.

11.(2015安徽,29)Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstoe.

12.(2015福建,26)Tomydelight,Iwas(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.

四1.(2020屆河北邢臺摸底一,67)AftertheUnitedStateswontheMexicanAmericanWarin1848,NewMexicobecameanAmericanterritory.In1912,it(declare)the47thstate.

2.(2020屆河南天一大聯(lián)考階段檢測Ⅰ,62)Inthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicturebasedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols(carve)byancientChinesepeople.

3.(2020屆河南九師聯(lián)盟9月質(zhì)檢,62)ItwillbethefirstUSrollercoasterknownforafreefallverticaldrop,whichtotals17feet.Visitors(cast)65feetintheairatamorethan70degreeangleandthenimmediatelydropbackwardinonemovement.

4.(2020屆山西太原五中9月月考,49)In1976,he(rank)astheworld’ssecondrecognizablecelebrity.

5.(2020屆黑龍江大慶鐵人中學(xué)開學(xué)考試,69)Scientistssaymonarchswillbeindangerofdyingoutinthenext20yearsifnothing(do)tosavethem.

6.(2019海南儋州一次統(tǒng)測,66)AccordingtoTheOxfordGuidetoContemporaryWorldLiterature,JinYong’snovels(consider)tobeofveryhighquality.

7.(2019安徽A10聯(lián)盟階段考試,61)TheWorldWideWebisposedofdifferentwebsites,which(create)bypeopleandorganizationsaroundtheworld.

8.(2018吉林百校聯(lián)盟上學(xué)期聯(lián)考,65)Onceyourbrain(disturb)bysomeotheractivities,youmayactuallygetsleepyagain.

9.(2018湖南師大附中月考一,68)Advicewhich(give)withoutbeingaskedforiscalled‘unsolicitedadvice’inEnglish,namely‘notrequestedadvice’.

五Thesedays,1womenandmen2(surround)bymagazinesandwebsitesfulloftipsondieting,exerciseandfashion.Gone3(be)thedayswhenallmenhadtothinkaboutwearinganicesuittobesmartandhandsome.Things4(change).

Now,asurveyhassuggestedthat80%ofmenadmitbeingunhappyabouttheirbodies.Thebiggestbodyissuesforthemarebeerbelliesandlackofmuscles.Somethin