考點(diǎn)27 閱讀理解之主旨大意題（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫（新高考）解析版

考點(diǎn)27閱讀理解之主旨大意題（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.高考真題考點(diǎn)分布年份試卷類型篇序體裁詞數(shù)話題考點(diǎn)分布細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞義猜測(cè)2024新高考全國I卷A應(yīng)用文199人與社會(huì)：棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)志愿者招募3000B夾敘來議文296人與社會(huì)：美國獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動(dòng)物0310C說明文339人與社會(huì)：紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀在學(xué)習(xí)效果上的差異1201D說明文358人與自然：現(xiàn)代生物采樣數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)性1300新高考全國II卷A(應(yīng)用文290人與自然：四種徒步活動(dòng)3000B說明文276人與社會(huì)：：舊金山灣區(qū)快速交通引入短篇故事自助服務(wù)亭2200C說明文268人與社會(huì)：巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)2110D說明文321人與社會(huì)：圖書《人工智能設(shè)計(jì):與人工智能共生的計(jì)劃》0301全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文226人與社會(huì)：哈佛社區(qū)的ARTSFIRST藝術(shù)節(jié)2100B說明文302人與自然：了解貓的行為1111C說明文267人與社會(huì)：提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)的圣盧卡斯列車1300D說明文348人與社會(huì)：談?wù)撐膶W(xué)作品的最佳結(jié)局1300北京卷A應(yīng)用文240人與自我：語言交流項(xiàng)目3000B記敘文354人與自我：1300作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性C議論文408人與社會(huì)：討論科學(xué)問題：宇宙是否是由計(jì)算機(jī)模擬生成的0301D說明文384人與社會(huì)：人類道德準(zhǔn)則的形成過程及人類建立道德準(zhǔn)則的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1110浙江1月卷A應(yīng)用文233人與社會(huì)：音樂劇《湯姆·索亞:河流歷險(xiǎn)記》3000B記敘文338人與社會(huì)：感受電話亭變遷1300C議論文313人與自然：加拿大Alberta防雹千預(yù)計(jì)劃之爭3100D說明文339人與自我：兒童棉花糖實(shí)驗(yàn)引發(fā)思考11102023新高考全國I卷A應(yīng)用文209人與社會(huì)：自行車租賃廣告3000B記敘文340人與自然：微生物處理凈化廢水1300C說明文322人與社會(huì)：數(shù)字時(shí)代如何做到極簡生活1201D說明文339人與社會(huì)：“群體智慧”效應(yīng)的基本原理1210新高考全國II卷A應(yīng)用文256人與自然：今年息季在黃石國家公園舉辦的一系列護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目3000B記敘文273人與社會(huì)：UrbanSprouts學(xué)校園藝項(xiàng)目2110C說明文321人與社會(huì)：圖書《閱讀藝術(shù):圖書愛好者的藝術(shù)》1201D說明文320人與自然：城市中自然場(chǎng)所的存在對(duì)居民的健康至關(guān)重要3100全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文263人與社會(huì)：開啟曼谷美食之旅的建議3000B記敘文277人與社會(huì)：DIY能手TerriBolton的故事1201C說明文333人與社會(huì)：一本有關(guān)哲學(xué)的書喚起作者對(duì)哲學(xué)的熱愛1300D說明文319人與自然：美國灰熊的生存環(huán)境和生存狀況2200全國乙卷A應(yīng)用文229人與社會(huì)：四位從事醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐的女性的生平和經(jīng)歷3000B記敘文311人與自我：一名專業(yè)的風(fēng)景攝影師的生活和拍照經(jīng)歷1300C說明文295人與社會(huì)：電視烹飪節(jié)目對(duì)英國人烹飪習(xí)慣和觀念的影響2200D議論文343人與社會(huì)：要客觀公平地講述歷史不僅需要文字資料，也需要實(shí)物史料加以佐證0211北京卷A應(yīng)用文237人與社會(huì)：國際奧林匹克委員會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖計(jì)劃3000B記敘文386人與自我：被拒絕也不是壞事，這意味著你能重新確定自己的方向。1300C說明文366人與社會(huì)：人類社會(huì)發(fā)展中人們的短視現(xiàn)象0300D說明文429人與社會(huì)：AI對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的影響0211浙江1月卷A應(yīng)用文220人與社會(huì)：兒童露營的內(nèi)客與安排3000B夾敘夾議346人與社會(huì)：零廢棄的生活方式0211C說明文314人與社會(huì)：軟件程序“ProjectDebater”以及它明顯的缺陷0301D說明文318人與自然：舊式太陽能農(nóng)場(chǎng)的弊端:破壞土壤22002022A應(yīng)用文235人與社會(huì)：課程評(píng)分辦法3000新高考全國I卷B夾敘夾議文347人與自然：日常生活食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象3100C說明文298人與社會(huì)：關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的養(yǎng)雞項(xiàng)目1201D說明文341人與自我：人類語言發(fā)展的研究2110新高考全國II卷A應(yīng)用文235人與社會(huì)：兒童博物館團(tuán)體游2100B記敘文324人與社會(huì)：媒體記者對(duì)新媒體時(shí)代的感悟2101C說明文289人與社會(huì)：禁止開車使用手機(jī)1111D說明文356人與自我：有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)延緩甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)心臟衰老2200全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文287人與社會(huì)：英國卡迪夫市藝術(shù)劇院3000B說明文255人與自然：鸚鵡識(shí)別物體形狀的實(shí)驗(yàn)2110C記敘文305人與社會(huì)：難忘的南極之旅1111D說明文340人與社會(huì)：悉尼新舊文化沖突2110全國乙卷A應(yīng)用文194人與社會(huì)：蘇格蘭畫家畫展信息3000B說明文319人與社會(huì)：介紹DorothyWickenden的書籍2200C說明文314人與社會(huì)：無人機(jī)在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用0211D說明文325人與社會(huì)：英國征收糖稅的起因及效果3100北京卷A應(yīng)用文281同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程(PASS)3000B記敘文348參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了焦慮3100C說明文415解決全球挑戰(zhàn)的重要方法——系統(tǒng)思維1200D議論文400量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？1111浙江1月卷A記敘文353Merebeth--自營寵物運(yùn)輸專家。0201B說明文283文章按照時(shí)間順序講述了蒸汽時(shí)代和電力時(shí)代的聯(lián)系。0300C說明文342經(jīng)常鍛煉的中年女性在老年時(shí)罹患失智癥的幾率會(huì)大大降低。31002.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】根據(jù)表格分析可知，近三年來閱讀理解主旨大意題考查共17次，主要考查：1.標(biāo)題歸納題2.文章大意題3.段落大意題【備考策略】1、關(guān)注每一段的起始句。說明文往往開門見山，作者一般會(huì)在文章的起始部分就直接介紹所要闡述的事物或表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。我們需要關(guān)注每一段的起始句，以便明確段落的主要內(nèi)容。就像文章開篇段落能讓讀者知曉文章主旨一樣，第一段的第一句話通常也具有關(guān)鍵作用。理解這第一句話能助力考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)把握段落的主旨要點(diǎn)。2、關(guān)注每一段的末尾句。一個(gè)段落由主旨句、支撐細(xì)節(jié)和總結(jié)句這三部分構(gòu)成。在段落結(jié)尾，作者會(huì)通過不同的方式再次強(qiáng)調(diào)主旨句，從整體篇章來看，每個(gè)段落末尾的句子還起到了承上啟下的作用，作者會(huì)借助它引出下文。認(rèn)真閱讀末尾句能幫助考生準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)下文內(nèi)容，辨別段落之間的邏輯聯(lián)系。3、關(guān)注承上啟下的邏輯關(guān)系。有時(shí)候段落起始句不是本段概括，而是前一段的總結(jié)。利用這句話可以判斷出上一段的主旨大意。而末尾句有時(shí)是提示下文，這樣就可以利用這個(gè)句子判斷出下一段的主旨大意。無論是起始句還是末尾句，考生既要借助它們的總結(jié)概括功能，也要充分利用它們來分析篇章中段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。4、關(guān)注段落的第二句話。有時(shí)段落第一句話是總結(jié)上文，起著銜接作用，此時(shí)段落的第二句話，才是本段的主旨句。5、關(guān)注核心詞，概括總結(jié)。對(duì)于一些段落，往往沒有明確的主題句，這就需要考生在認(rèn)真感受和明確作者意圖的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)段落大意進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)測(cè)2025年高考英語閱讀理解試題難度會(huì)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，主旨大意題仍然會(huì)以標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題為主。【必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】一、【命題解讀】主旨大意題考查的是考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,對(duì)整篇文章的主旨大意有一個(gè)較為清晰的印象。主旨大意題不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力,也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù),需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括,才能歸納出文章的主旨。【?？碱愋汀?【解題策略】題型1段落大意題每個(gè)段落都有一個(gè)中心思想,且中心思想通常會(huì)在段落的首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來,這個(gè)句子就是常說的段落主題句。沒有給出明顯的主題句時(shí),要根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括出段落大意題型2文章大意題考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的歸納概括能力題型3標(biāo)題歸納題概括出文章的中心思想,并對(duì)中心思想再次加以提煉,擬定出文章的標(biāo)題。文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞、短語,也可以是句子01主旨大意題之標(biāo)題歸納題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標(biāo)題?！境Ｒ娫O(shè)問形式】①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？③Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?【解題技巧】第一步：明確標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)。概括性——準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；針對(duì)性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；3.醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。第二步：確定文章標(biāo)題。1.利用正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；2.利用反面否定法：根據(jù)備選項(xiàng)設(shè)想用寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對(duì)照；第三步：主題句總結(jié)概括確定文章標(biāo)題。先研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等，然后讀完全文。根據(jù)文章主旨大意及段落主旨大意及標(biāo)題的特征，得出結(jié)論，再核對(duì)選項(xiàng)。做此類題時(shí)，要避免以下三種錯(cuò)誤：概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)；以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意?！?022年北京卷】Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】34.D34.【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計(jì)算領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報(bào)道，量子機(jī)器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火?！保币约白詈笠欢巍癈ouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)”領(lǐng)先所有競爭對(duì)手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會(huì)建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計(jì)算機(jī)。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D?！炯记商崾尽?/p>

正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上,揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨;

反面否定法:撇開原文,拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容,然后和原文對(duì)照,一一排除不符選項(xiàng);

研讀備選項(xiàng)本身法:研讀備選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性等。（2024·湖南衡陽·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Inaworldwhereeveryonehastheirownopinionsonjustabouteverything,it’scommonforpeopletobecriticalofeachother’smistakesandimperfectionswithoutnoticingtheirown.Someindividualsmistakenlythinkit’stheirresponsibilitytomakeyouintoabetterperson.Theydothisbyfirstpointingoutyourshortcomingsdirectlyandthenprovidingadviceonhowyoucanimprove.Sowhatisthepossiblesolutiontocriticism?Ifyouaretheoneforcingotherstofeelashamedofthemselves,pleasestop.Makeaconsciousdecisionratherthanhighlightthenegativeaspectofaperson’sperformanceorattitudes.Youaremorelikelytoofferhelpfulsuggestionsfromthebeginning.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofcriticism,the“OK”responseisaperfectsolution.Whensomeonecommentsnegativelyonataskyouaredoingorapersonalityissueofyours,anaturalresponseistodefendandattack.However,thisapproachisrarelyeffectiveasitputsbothpartiesonthedefensive.Instead,simplyreplywith“OK”.Thisbriefone-wordresponseacknowledgestheotherperson’scommentwithoutagreeingwithitorfeelingnecessarytoengageinadebateaboutit.It’scrucialtostayconnectedtowhattheotherpersonistalkingabout,andlistenwithoutgettingupset,tobeanobjectiveobserver.Infact,thereismuchthatonecanlearnfromanegativereview.Youcanaskyourself:DidImakeamistake?CouldIhavedonebetter?DidIgive100%ofmyselftothetaskathand?Ifso,howcanIimprovemyself?Asforchroniccriticizers:Itisimportanttosetstrictboundarywiththem.Removeyourselffromtheirpresencewhennecessary.Inanycase,onecanlearntobe“OK”withcriticismandnotallowittonegativelyimpactyourlifeorrelationshipwiththeotherparty.20．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheArtofGivingCriticism B．MasteringSelf-DefenseagainstCriticismC．DealingwithPersonalRelationshipsFlexibly D．ThePathtoSelf-ImprovementthroughCriticism【答案】20．D20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inaworldwhereeveryonehastheirownopinionsonjustabouteverything,it’scommonforpeopletobecriticalofeachother’smistakesandimperfectionswithoutnoticingtheirown.Someindividualsmistakenlythinkit’stheirresponsibilitytomakeyouintoabetterperson.Theydothisbyfirstpointingoutyourshortcomingsdirectlyandthenprovidingadviceonhowyoucanimprove.(在一個(gè)每個(gè)人對(duì)每件事都有自己看法的世界里，人們對(duì)彼此的錯(cuò)誤和不完美吹毛求疵，而不注意自己的錯(cuò)誤和不完美，這是很常見的。有些人錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任讓你成為一個(gè)更好的人。他們首先直接指出你的缺點(diǎn)，然后就如何改進(jìn)提供建議)”結(jié)合文章探討了如何應(yīng)對(duì)批評(píng)，無論是給出批評(píng)還是接受批評(píng)，并提出了一些建議和策略。故選D“通過批評(píng)走向自我提升”最為合適。故選D。02主旨大意題之文章大意一、【常見設(shè)問形式】①Thispassagechieflydealswith________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Whatisthemainideaofthe...paragraph/thepassage?二文章大意題找主題句的技巧：1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞，通常是主旨。eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項(xiàng)特征])1．涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。2．確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。3．精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語言表達(dá)的程度及色彩。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項(xiàng)特征])1．過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。2．以偏概全，主次不分所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。3．移花接木，偷換概念所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識(shí)地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案。4．無中生有，生搬硬套所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞雖然在文章中提到了，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系?！?024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】11.A【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。（2024·陜西·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Youmayfeellikeamastermultitaskerasyoudrinkyourmorningcoffee,catchuponemailandtuneintoaconferencecall.Butdidyouknowformostpeople,inmostsituations,multitaskingmakesuslessefficientandmorelikelytomakeamistake.Thismightnotbeasapparentwhenwe’redoingsimpleandroutinetasks,likelisteningtomusicwhilewalking,orfoldinglaundrywhilewatchingTV.Butwhenthestakesarehigherandthetasksaremorecomplex,tryingtomultitaskcannegativelyimpactourlives—orevenbedangerous.So-calledmultitaskingdividesourattention.Itmakesitharderforustogiveourfullattentiontoonething.Forexample,attemptingtocompleteadditionaltasksduringadrivingsimulationledtopoorerdrivingperformance.Itcanalsoaffectourabilitytolearn,becauseinordertolearn,weneedtobeabletofocus.Dr.Kubu,aneuropsychologist,says,“Ifwe’reconstantlyattemptingtomultitask,wedon’tpracticetuningouttherestofthewordtoengageindeeperprocessingandlearning.”Anotherpitfall(缺陷)isthattryingtodotoomuchatoncemakesithardertobemindfulandtrulypresentinthemoment—andmindfulnesscomeswithaplethora(過量)ofbenefitsforourmindsandourbodies.Infact,manytherapiesbasedonmindfulnesscanevenhelppatientssufferingfromdepression,anxietyandotherconditions.Choosingtofocusononetaskatatimecanbenefitmanyaspectsofourlife.Takesurgeonsforexample.“Peopleassumeasurgeon’sskillisprimarilyintheprecisionandsteadinessoftheirhands.Whilethere’ssometruthtothat,thetruegiftofasurgeonistheabilitytosingle-mindedlyfocusononepersonandcompleteaseriesoftaskoverthecourseofmanyhours.”Dr.Kubuexplains.Butsurgeonsaren’tnecessarilybornwiththisabilitytomonotask.Rather,theydevelopandperfectitthroughhoursofpractice.Itistruethatweperformbestonethingatatime.Whynotgiveitatry?8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whymultitaskingdoesn’twork. B．Howtoimprovedailyperformance.C．Whichcareerlessneedsmultitasking. D．Whatpositiveeffectsmultitaskinghas.【答案】8．A8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thismightnotbeasapparentwhenwe’redoingsimpleandroutinetasks,likelisteningtomusicwhilewalking,orfoldinglaundrywhilewatchingTV.Butwhenthestakesarehigherandthetasksaremorecomplex,tryingtomultitaskcannegativelyimpactourlives—orevenbedangerous.(當(dāng)我們?cè)谧龊唵蔚娜粘Ｈ蝿?wù)時(shí)，比如邊走邊聽音樂，或者邊看電視邊疊衣服，這可能就不那么明顯了。但當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高，任務(wù)更復(fù)雜時(shí)，試圖同時(shí)處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)可能會(huì)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，甚至是危險(xiǎn)的)”文章主要從多任務(wù)處理為何不是一個(gè)有效的工作或?qū)W習(xí)策略展開，進(jìn)而討論了多任務(wù)處理帶來的負(fù)面影響和專注單一任務(wù)的好處。因此，A項(xiàng)“為什么多任務(wù)處理不奏效？”符合文章主旨。故選A項(xiàng)。03主旨大意題之段落大意【常見設(shè)問方式】WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?【歸納段落大意的2種方法】方法1：概括段落大意要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)如果該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對(duì)其進(jìn)行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；(2)如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；(3)如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；(4)如果按總分總的順序，段落結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)難度較低，我們可以很明顯的看到一段的首句和末句的內(nèi)容幾乎完全一致，正確答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的段落一般會(huì)在一段中討論兩個(gè)平行的內(nèi)容，整個(gè)段落可以從中間處分開，前后是平行關(guān)系，這樣的段落結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)應(yīng)的答案通常也會(huì)是很明顯的并列關(guān)系；(6)如果對(duì)比各事物，那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有時(shí)，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要充分發(fā)揮讀者的想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意?！?024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment. B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【答案】26.D【26題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)報(bào)告說，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動(dòng)更容易，乘車更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是Farber通過整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。[技巧點(diǎn)撥]方法1：概括段落大意要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對(duì)其進(jìn)行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對(duì)比各事物，那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有時(shí)，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要充分發(fā)揮讀者的想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。（2024·湖南長沙·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,”ItypeintoDeepDreamGenerator’sText2Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI’vedescribed.WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rankartworkusingjustafewtextprompts(提示).Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmyimagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere’saninitialthrillatseeinganimageappear,there’snocreativesatisfaction.AIimagegenerationcouldimpacteverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children’sillustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAI-generatedartistheexactoppositeofwhatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyintosomethingthatexistsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit’saboutthefinalpiece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabasesofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethestyleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAlgeneratorsworknodifferentlytohumanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers’work,However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionandnuance(細(xì)微差別)intothemix.AIdoesn’tdothesame—itcanonlycopy.TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluingoftheworkofartists.There’salreadyanegativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir“work”isasvalidasthatcreatedbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.It’snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephonetotakeanicepictureofyourdaughters,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.4．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?A．Artisthemirroroflife. B．Romeisnotbuiltinaday.C．Nomancandotwothingsatonce. D．Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.【答案】4．B4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluingoftheworkofartists.There’salreadyanegativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir“work”isasvalidasthatcreatedbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.It’snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephonetotakeanicepictureofyourdaughters,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.(人工智能的日益普及也將導(dǎo)致藝術(shù)家作品的貶值。對(duì)創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)存在負(fù)面偏見。人們會(huì)開始認(rèn)為他們的“作品”與那些以藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作為職業(yè)的人所創(chuàng)作的作品一樣有效。當(dāng)然，這是無稽之談。你可以用你的手機(jī)給你的女兒拍一張漂亮的照片，但你不是專業(yè)人士的對(duì)手)”可知，人工智能的使用會(huì)使藝術(shù)家的作品貶值。人們會(huì)認(rèn)為他們用AI創(chuàng)作的作品和以藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作為職業(yè)的人的作品有同樣的價(jià)值。作者認(rèn)為這是錯(cuò)誤的，在最后一句中，作者認(rèn)為盡管普通人可以創(chuàng)作出漂亮的作品，也比不上專業(yè)人士，作者暗示藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作需要經(jīng)過長期的訓(xùn)練。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Romeisnotbuiltinaday.(羅馬非一日建成)”意指任何偉大的事物都需要時(shí)間和耐心來建立。故選B項(xiàng)。04主旨大意題難點(diǎn)--避免看懂文章卻出錯(cuò)主旨大意類的試題對(duì)考生提出的要求很高，要求考生具有迅速抓取主要信息的能力，短時(shí)間分辨出文章的內(nèi)容的主次關(guān)系，知道哪些是細(xì)節(jié)支撐信息，哪些是作者要表達(dá)的主題。命題者在出這類題時(shí)，常常利用生活常識(shí)編造干擾項(xiàng)，把文中的細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨，利用局部信息編造干擾項(xiàng)，編制超出文章范圍的標(biāo)題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標(biāo)題來考查考生的理解程度，考生要特別留意。對(duì)選擇標(biāo)題類題，若遇到拿不太準(zhǔn)的情況時(shí)，可以自己思考一下：“如果是我寫這個(gè)題目，我會(huì)怎樣寫?”。所以，雖然看懂了文章，未必選出的選項(xiàng)就符合題目的要求，不是說文章中可以找到的句子就是正確的選項(xiàng)，這需要有高度的概括提煉能力。[1]Welcometoyourfuturelife!

[2]Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyoung-looking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150,soat40,you’renotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadananti-aging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now,allthreeofyoulookthesameage!

[3]Yousaytoyourshirt,”Turnred.”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles(粒子)muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothes’colororpattern.

[4]Youwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays,”Youshouldn’tdrinkthat!”Yourfridgehasreadthechip(芯片)thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,anditKnowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.

[5]It’stimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyourjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.

[6]Sowillallthesethingscometrue?“Fornewtechnologytosucceed,”saysscientistAndrewZolli,”ithastobesomuchbetterthatitreplaceswhatwehavealready.”TheInternetisoneexamplewhatwillbethenext?1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Foodandclothingin2035.

B.Futuretechnologyineverydaylife.

C.Medicaltreatmentsofthefuture.

D.Thereasonforthesuccessofnewtechnology.【答案與解析】1.B?？v觀全文，本文講述的是未來科技會(huì)給生活的方方面面帶來極大的便利。第一段就一個(gè)句子，以一句具有鼓動(dòng)性的感嘆句開始，體現(xiàn)出主題詞futurelife，第二段到第五段都屬于第六段所總結(jié)的allthesethings，列舉出未來生活中智能技術(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，第五段的Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.說明智能技術(shù)就在身邊。提煉出關(guān)鍵詞futuretechnology,everydaylife，所以B正確。A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在第三、四段；C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在第二段；D項(xiàng)文中沒有涉及到。其中A和C只是文中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，不能概括全文?！菊`區(qū)警示】

做這類題時(shí)常用略讀法，快速閱讀文章找出各個(gè)段落的主題句，把各個(gè)段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標(biāo)題是中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式，選擇的標(biāo)題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小。但是在解題時(shí)，往往會(huì)只注重某一方面，沒有從全文著手，結(jié)果選出的選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)符合文章的細(xì)節(jié)理解，但是不符合主旨大意。像本題的A和C項(xiàng)就是在文章中能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，但是并不具有概括性，因此作為主題就會(huì)以偏概全?！窘忸}技巧】1.分析備選項(xiàng)命題者在命題時(shí)，所設(shè)置的備選項(xiàng)通常是：正確選項(xiàng)一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞。干擾項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯，過于籠統(tǒng)。2.抓住首尾段（句）重點(diǎn)理解首末段,首末句。對(duì)于首尾找不到主旨的情況，遇到文章前后段意思轉(zhuǎn)折,提高警惕，段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),該句很可能是主題句。3.注意提示詞提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,however,in

short等等，另外，作者有意識(shí)的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨。4.重視首段問句首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問題的解答通常就是文章主旨。（最新模擬試題演練）Passage1【2024屆安徽省皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三下學(xué)期3月模擬】Usinghypodermicneedlestodeliverdrugshasbeencommonformorethanacentury.Thepasthundredyearshaveseenallmannerofmedicaladvances,yettheneedlehasstayedmostlyunchanged.Althoughnowavailableinavarietyofdifferentsizes,itremainsahollow(中空的),pointytube.Withluck,thatmaysoonchange.Researchersaroundtheworldarelookingforwaystoeasethepassageofneedlesintotheskin.Manyhavebeeninspiredbynature.Anobvioussourceofideashasbeenmosquitoes,whichmanagetotaketheirbloodmealsalmostpainlessly.Onereasonisthattheinsectsreleaseanaesthetic(麻醉的)chemicalswhentheyfirstpuncture(刺穿)theskin.Butanotherhastodowiththeshapeandactionoftheirmouthparts.Thepointofamosquito’smouthpartsisserrated(鋸齒狀的)andsofteratitstip.Theinsectstretchestheskinofitstargetbeforebiting,andshakesitsmouthpartsquicklyasitpushesitin.Allofthishelpstoreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.Onepaper,publishedin2020byagroupofresearchersinAmericaandChina,foundthatamosquito-inspiredneedlerequired27%lessforcethananordinaryone.Andlesspunctureforcemeanslesspain.Mosquito-inspiredneedlesmightalsobeusefulfordelicateproceduressuchasbiopsies(活組織檢查).ApaperfromtheUniversityofMichigan,alsopublishedin2020,foundthatthelowerpunctureforceledtolessmovementofthesamplingarea,ensuringthattheneedleswereguidedaccuratelytothearea,ratherthanmissingthetarget.Fornow,suchdevicesremainrestrictedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,around16bninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursayingtheysufferfromtrypanophobia,orafearofneedles