湖南省醴陵二中、醴陵四中2025屆高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末調(diào)研模擬試題含解析

湖南省醴陵二中、醴陵四中2025屆高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末調(diào)研模擬試題注意事項(xiàng)1．考生要認(rèn)真填寫考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位序號(hào)。2．試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分必須用2B鉛筆作答；第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。3．考試結(jié)束后，考生須將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Yourredcoatlookssogood.Itstoodoutclearly______thesnow.A．a(chǎn)crossB．a(chǎn)gainstC．throughD．over2．________backinhischair,themanbegantotellushisadventuresintheforests.A．SitB．SittingC．TositD．Sat3．Everythingwasplacedexactly________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A．theplacewhere B．whenC．where D．inwhich4．IamatalosswhyMikeisalways________everytimeImeethim.Believeitornot,weusedtobebestfriends.A．givingmethecoldshoulderB．makingmydayC．followingsuitD．beatingaroundthebush5．volleyballishermainfocus,sheisalsogreatatbasketball.A．Since B．OnceC．Unless D．While6．Thehousecaughtfirelastweek,withlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_________.A．remainB．remainedC．remainsD．remaining7．Accordingtotheschoolrule,nochildbeallowedoutoftheschool,unlessaccompaniedbyhisorherownparents.A．should B．mustC．shall D．can8．Thepopularityofgovernmentpostshasdroppedinrecentyears,thoughthecivilservicejobsarestillfavoredbytheChineseastheyoffera_______stablecareer.A．relatively B．regularlyC．roughly D．rigidly9．Thecaseshockedthepublic,ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheIntemet.A．causes B．caused C．causing D．tocause10．---Howdidyouliketheconcertlastnight?---Ienjoyeditverymuch,butthedancers______abetterjob.A．couldhavedone B．couldn’thavedone C．coulddo D．haddone11．—Wouldyoulikemetheradioabit?—No,it’sallright.I’musedwiththeradio.A．toturndown;towork;on B．turningdown;toworking;onC．turningdown;toworking;off D．toturndown;toworking;on12．Youcan’tusethecomputernow,________theupgradeofthesystemisunderway.A．until B．unlessC．a(chǎn)s D．a(chǎn)fter13．Itisreportedthehousingpricesinsomebigcitiesfallindifferentdegrees.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where14．Thankstotheeffortsinenvironmentalprotection,thewetlandhasbeen_____toitsoriginalappearance.A．restoredB．deliveredC．transferredD．drafted15．Ifyou________cometoourvillage,I’llshowyouaround.A．will B．shall C．must D．should16．Hardwork，alongwithdedicatedrevolutionaryspiritisthefundamentalguaranteeofsuccess，whichis________weshouldlearnfromthepioneersparticipatingintheLongMarch.A．that B．whatC．where D．how17．Withineventheweakestofhumanbodiesliesalifethatispreciousindeed---____needstoberespectedandhonored.A．somethingthat B．one C．onethat D．something18．Notuntilhewentabroadtofurtherhisstudy_______theimportanceofEnglish.A．hashefoundB．hehasfoundC．didhefindD．hehadfound19．Thestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfrom______ofmostChineseuniversitieswherevisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.A．that B．one C．theone D．those20．一Whenheknowtheresultoftoday’sjobinterview?一Inacoupleofdays．A．should B．may C．shall D．must第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）WhenIfirstgotane-mailaccounttenyearsago,Ireceivedcommunicationsonlyfromfamily,friends,andcolleagues.NowitseemsthateverytimeIcheckmye-mail,Ihaveanendlessseriesofadvertisementsandothercorrespondencethatdonotinterestmeatall.Ifwewante-mailtocontinuetobeuseful,weneedspecificlawsthatmakespamming(發(fā)送垃圾郵件)acrime.Iflawmakersdonotdosomethingsoontoprohibitspam,theproblemwillcertainlygetmuchworse.Computerprogramsallowspammerstosendhundredsofmillionsofe-mailsalmostinstantly.Asmoreandmoreadvertisersturntospamtoselltheirproducts,individuale-mailboxesareoftenfloodedwithspame-mails.Wouldpeoplecontinuetousee-mailiftheyhadtodealwithanannoyingamountofspameachtime?Thisproblemistroublingforindividualsandcompaniesaswell.Manyspame-mailscontaincomputervirusesthatcanshutdowntheentirenetworkofacompany.Companiesrelyone-mailfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.Spamfrequentlycausesfailuresintheirlocalcommunicationsnetworks,andtheiremployeesarethusunabletocommunicateeffectively.Suchasituationresultsinalossofproductivityandrequirescompaniestorepeatedlyrepairtheirnetworks.Thesecomputerproblemsraiseproductioncostsofcompanies,whichare,intheend,passesontotheconsumer.Forthesereasons,Ibelievethatlawmakersneedtolegislate(立法)againstspam.Spammersshouldbefined,andperhapssenttoprisoniftheycontinuetodisturbpeople.E-mailisatoolwhichhelpspeopleallovertheworldtocommunicateconveniently,butspamisdestroyingthisconvenience.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correspondence”inParagraph1probablymean?A．messages B．ideasC．connections D．programs2、Accordingtothetext,whatisthemajorcauseofthefloodingspam?A．Companiesrelyone-mailforcommunications.B．Morepeopleintheworldcommunicatebye-mail.C．Manycomputervirusescontainspame-mail.D．Moreadvertisersbegintopromotesalesthroughspam.3、Accordingtotheauthor,whoisthefinalvictimofspam?A．Thebusiness B．TheadvertiserC．Theemployee D．Theconsumer4、Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toinform B．ToeducateC．Topersuade D．Toinstruct22．（8分）PrimaveraSoundTokickoffthesummer,there’snobetterplacetobethanBarcelona.Ontheconcertlineup,you’llfindbandslikeTheZombies,ArcadeFire,andBonIver.Thentakesometimetosoakupthelocalfood,wine,andculture.Date:May31–June4,2018Location:Barcelona,SpainMusicType:Indie,rock,hip-hopPrice:80€–300€(around$86–$323)RecommendedplacestostayinBarcelona:Hotel1898HotelBarcelonaUniversalMercerHotelBarcelonaGovernorsBallOneofthegreatestsummerconcertsinNewYorkCityisGovernor’sBall,whichtakesplaceinearlyJuneatRandall’sIslandPark.SomeofthemanyartistsplayingincludeTool,Phoenix,Lorde,Flume,andtheWu-TangClan.Date:June2-4,2018Location:NewYorkCity,NewYork,USAMusicType:Rock,hip-hop,popPrice:$105–$2RecommendedplacestostayinNewYorkCity:WNewYork–UnionSquare,UnionSquare,NewYorkCity,UnitedStatesAloftHarlemSuper8LongIslandCityLGAHotelCourtyardNewYorkManhattan/UpperEastSideBonnarooBonarooisanotherepicsummereventthatdrawsincrowdsofaround60,000eachyear.Someofthemosticonicmusiclegendswillbeplayingthisyear,includingU2,RedHotChiliPeppers,TheWeeknd,andChancetheRapper.Date:June8-11,2018Location:Manchester,Tennessee,USAMusicType:Rock,hip-hopPrice:$210.50–$554+feesRecommendedplacestostayinManchester:MicrotelInn&SuitesbyWyndhamManchesterCountryInn&SuitesManchesterTheAmbassadorInn&Luxury1、OnwhichofthedayscanyouenjoyRock,hip-hopinPrimaveraSound?A．June1，2018.B．June5，2018.C．June9，2018.D．June11，2018.2、TowitnessiconicmusiclegendChancetheRapperplaying,whichofthefollowingaretherecommendedplacestostay？A．CourtyardNewYorkManhattan.B．HotelBarcelonaUniversal.C．Randall’sIslandPark.D．TheAmbassadorInn&Luxury.23．（8分）Justayearago,thecolorswerebrightunderthewaves.Nowit’sgray—theMaldivianreefisdead.Thecoraliskilledbythepressureofrisingtemperatures.Coralreefsareareasunderwaterwheresmallcreatureslive.Thecoralishardmaterialformedonthebottomoftheseabytheskeletonsofthosecreatures.Buttheworldhaslostabouthalfitscoralreefsinthelast30years.Scientistsareworkingtopreventtheirdestruction.Duetoglobalwarming,over90percentofcoralsareexpectedtodieby2050.“Tolosecoralreefsistofundamentallyunderminethehealthofaverylargeproportionofthehumanrace,”saidRuthGates,directoroftheHawaiiInstituteofMarineBiology.Whyarecoralreefsimportant?Coralreefssupportafourthofallmarinespecies,aswellashalfabillionpeopleworldwide.Theyserveasbarrierstoprotectcoastlinesfromthestorms.Theyprovidebillionsofdollarsfromtourism,fishingandothertrade.Theyarealsousedinmedicalresearchforcuresfordiseases.“Everyoneshouldbeconcerned,”saidbiologistOveGuldbergatAustralia’sUniversityofQueensland.“Thisisnotjustsomedistantdivedestination.Thisisthebasicstructureoftheecosystemwedependon.”Theoceanisgettingwarmer.ArisingtemperatureofjustonetotwodegreeCelsiuscanforcecoraltoexpelthealgae(驅(qū)逐海藻)thatlivethere.Thisleavestheirwhiteskeletonsuncovered.Itisaprocesscalled“bleaching”.Sixteenpercentoftheworld’scoralsdiedofbleachingin1998.Theproblemhasbecomemuchworseinrecentyears.“We’velost50percentofthereefs,butthatmeanswestillhave50percentleft,”saidRuthGates,whoisworkinginHawaiitobreedcoralsthatcanbetterwithstandincreasingtemperatures.Sheisalsotryingto“train”coralstosurviverisingtemperatures.Gatessaysitistimetostart“thinkingoutsidethebox”—findcreativewaystohelpthem.1、Theunderlinedword“undermine”inparagraph2means___________.A．weaken B．regain C．promote D．overlook2、What’sthemajorconcernofthescientistslikeOveGuldberg?A．Peoplewon’tfindadivedestinationinthefuture.B．Theefforttosavecoralswillturnouttobefruitless.C．Thedestructionofcoralreefswillaffecttheearthecosystem.D．Thebrightseahaslostitscharmbecauseofthosedeadcorals.3、Thefourthparagraphismainlyabout___________.A．theharmofalgae B．theprocessof“bleaching”C．theimportanceofcoralreefs D．thechangeofoceantemperature4、RuthGates’attitudetowardstheprotectionofcoralsis___________.A．proud B．cautious C．optimistic D．casual24．（8分）AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)maysoonbeabletoturntheirusedforksandknivesintotoolsandsatelliteparts.TethersUnlimitedInc.,anaerospacetechnologycompany,hasdevelopedasystemthatcombinesawasterecyclingmachinewitha3Dprinter.Astronautswillputwasteitemsmadeofplasticintotherecyclingmachine,calledthePoistrusionRecycler.Whentheypressabutton,theRecyclerwillmeltdowntheplasticandturnitinto3Dfilament(長(zhǎng)絲).Thefilamentwilleusedina3DprinterontheISS-calledtheRefabricator-tomaketools,sparepartsandsatellitecomponents.Thewastewillcomefrompackagingmaterials,foodcontainers,traysandeatingutensils(器具)usedontheISS.Astronautcurrentlyusedisposablewetwipestocleantheirfoodcontainersandutensils.Theusedwipesarestoredastrash(垃圾),andreplacementwipesmustbesentuptotheISSoncargomissions.Byrecyclingoldfoodcontainersandutensils,astronautswillreducetheamountoftrashtheyproduce.TogetridoftrashfromtheISS,astronautloaditintoemptycargocapsules(航天艙)andreleaseitintospace.ThecapsulesburnupwhentheyenterEarth’satmosphere.TurningtrashintousefulnewitemswillalsohelpNASAsavemoneybecauseastronautswillneedfewersupplies.Itcostsabout$6,000foreverykilogramlaunchedintoorbit.Thesebenefitswillbeevenmoreimportantforlongermissionsinthefuture-suchasthetwo-yearjourneytoMars.Astronautswillbeabletorecycleoldwastematerialsintonewtoolsandpartsastheyneedthem.Tethershavesuccessfullytestedthesystemsinitslaboratory.TheywilltestitontheISSinlate2018.ThecompanyisalsodevelopingaversionofthesystemforusehereonEarth.1、Whatmaterialaretheforksandknivesforastronautsmadeof?A．Gold.B．IronC．Plastic.D．Wood.2、Atpresent,theastronautsmainlygetsuppliesby.A．3DprintersB．reusingtheoldonesC．collectingfromthespaceD．thecapsuleslaunchedfromtheearth3、Whatcanthenewtechnologyhelptheastronautsdo?A．Reusethetrash.B．SendthetrashtoMars.C．Takethetrashtotheearth.D．Loadthetrashintoemptycapsulesandthrowitaway.4、Whatisthebiggestbenefitofthenewtechnologymentionedinthetext?A．ItcansavesomespacefortheISS.B．Itcangavemoretimefortheastronauts.C．Itcanprovidemoreconditionstoexplorespace.D．ItcanhelptoreducethejourneyfromEarthtoMars.25．（10分）TheBroadcomMASTERScompetitionaimstofindabalancebetweencelebratingindividualaccomplishmentsandacknowledgingthatscienceseldomhappensalone.Thecompetitiontakesoffwhenstudentsfromaroundthecountryareteamedupandhavetosolveaseriesofhands—onchallengesinthespotlight.Nowadays，kidsarefedwith“themythofthelonescientist”，soplacingsuchchallengesinthemiddleschoolperiodhasahugepotentialforimpact.Thefocusonteambuildingskillsgetsstudentsexcitedbeforemorefearsandstereotypes(成見)setin.Theinitialpoolofqualifiedstudentscomesfromtheparticipantsinnation-widesciencefairs.Thosewhoscoreinthetop10％(about10，000kids)havethequalificationtoapply.Thejudgesselectthetop300youngscientists，andthatgroupisfinallynarrowedto30finalists.Selectionatthisstageisclearlyanhonorinitself，butitcountsassteponeforthefinalists.TheyarethenflowntoWashington，D．C．a(chǎn)ndplacedintoteamsoffiveforthehands-onpartofthecompetition.Eachteamismadeupofstudentswithdifferenttalentsandskills，includingacademicfocusandexperience.Unlikethesciencefairs，wheremostoftheworktakesplacebehindthescenesandstudentsshareapolishedoutcome，thehands-onchallengescreateaspacewheretheworkisthecompetitionitself.Thestudentstakeuparangeofchallengesinscience，technology，engineering，mathandsoon.Eachofthechallengeswillneedtheinsightandskillsofmultipleteammembers.Judgesobservingthechallengesaren’tjustlookingforoutcomesbutalsoforleadership，teamworkandproblemsolving.TheBroadcomMASTERSattractsincreasingnumbersofpassionateandtalentedyoungpeoplewhoareeagertotakepartinaprogramthathelpsthemgrowasscientists，engineersandinventors.Itletsthestudentsexperienceasenseofcomingtogetherwithtruepeers.Moreimportantly，itprovidesthemwithnewskillstotacklefuturechallenges.1、WhatdoestheBroadcomMASTERScompetitionmainlyfocuson?A．Individualaccomplishments. B．Hands-onchallenges.C．Academicperformance. D．Teamwork.2、WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Alargenumberofkidstakepartinthesciencefairs.B．It’snoteasytobequalifiedasamemberofthefinalists.C．Thejudgesaretoostrictwiththeparticipants.D．Thenation-widesciencefairsarewellorganized.3、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．TheBroadcomMASTERScompetitionhasanincreasingimpact.B．Middleschoolstudentsprefertochallengeeachother.C．StudentscanlearnmorenewskillsfromtheBroadcomMASTERS.D．ThesciencefairswillbecompletelyreplacedbytheBroadcomMASTERS.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LearningtoTakeonScientificChallengesB．OutstandingStudentsarePubliclyHonoredC．BringingIndividualPotentialtoaTeamOpportunityD．TheScienceFair:APlatformWhereStudents’DreamsTakeoff第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）WhenIwasayoungmanIhadmuchego(自負(fù)).IthoughtI1everything.Ilookedforwardtofameandsuccess.Icanevenrememberonceincollege2tellingoneofmyfriends:“Ifonlyeveryonelistenedtome,thentheywouldallbehappy.”I3leftschool,readytotakeontheworld.LittledidIknowtheworldwasabouttotakeonme.Inthe4followingcollege,insteadofsuccess,Ifoundstruggles.Ihad5infindingwork.Myjobswereeithertemporaryorwere6badly.WhenmywifeandIhadchildren,wewere7tolearnthatbothofoursonshadAutism(自閉癥)andwouldneedtobe8fortherestoftheirlives.Ihadno9whythishadhappenedtous.Intime,however,Ibeganto10.Myegowasdecreasingfast.Insteadofsuccess,Ifoundmy11inmomentsoflove.Playingand12withmysonsbroughtmesomuchhappiness.Myboys13memoreaboutpeace,patience,joyandlovethanIcouldhaveeverlearnedonmyown.Ibegantosharethe14Ilearnedthroughmywritingsandmylife.Ifinallyrealizedthatmy15inthisworldhadnothingtodowithfameorsuccess.16,ithadeverythingtodowithallowingloveandlightintomylifeand17itwitheveryoneIcould.Youmaynotbehappy100%ofthetime.18canbeinthisworld.Yet,youwillfindajoynoearthly(世俗的)19couldevergive.Putallofyourmoments,days,andyearstogoodusethen.20themwithlove.1、A．knewB．deservedC．possessedD．confirmed2、A．calmlyB．honestlyC．proudlyD．eagerly3、A．frequentlyB．finallyC．suddenlyD．smoothly4、A．yearsB．monthsC．weeksD．days5、A．funB．regretC．powerD．trouble6、A．doneB．paidC．preparedD．judged7、A．exhaustedB．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．shockedD．embarrassed8、A．takenchargeofB．paidattentiontoC．putupwithD．takencareof9、A．beliefB．hopeC．opinionD．idea10、A．a(chǎn)greeB．changeC．struggleD．improve11、A．challengeB．joyC．luckD．goal12、A．laughingB．toyingC．swimmingD．working13、A．fetchedB．broughtC．preparedD．taught14、A．theoriesB．contentsC．lessonsD．truths15、A．demandB．careerC．purposeD．world16、A．ThereforeB．AgainC．AlsoD．Instead17、A．sharingB．owningC．a(chǎn)dmiringD．enjoying18、A．SomebodyB．NobodyC．EverybodyD．Anybody19、A．personB．matterC．successD．experience20、A．LiveB．FillC．ExchangeD．Equip第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Thetaskofbeingacceptedinauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Longbeforetheygraduatefromhighschool,theytakespecial1．(course)toprepareforadvancedStudy.Theymayalsotakeoneormoreexaminationswhichtesthowwell2．(prepare)theyarefortheuniversity.Inthefinalyearsofhighschool,theycomplete3．(apply),andsendthemtotheuniversities4．interestthemmost.Somehighschoolstudentsmayberequiredtohaveaninterview5．professorsfromtheuniversity.6．(neat)dressedandalittlebitnervous,theyaredeterminedtoshowthattheyhaveagoodattitudeandtheability7．(succeed).Iftheyareaccepted,manyuniversitieswillofferthemaninstructionprogramtogettoknowtheproceduresforstudentsadvising,universityrules,theuseoflibraryandallthe8．majorservicesoftheuniversity.Beginninganewlifecanbeverypuzzling.The9．thestudentslearnabouttheuniversity,theeasieritwillbeforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment.However,it10．(take)timetogetusedtocollegelife.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下短文。短文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Ihatetosaysorry，andthereisachangeinmyschoolarrangements．SoI’mafraidIwon’tabletokeepmyappointmenttodiscussChinesepaintingswithyou．Isincereapologizetoyouforanyinconveniencecausingbytheunexpectedchange．ThereforeIsuggestedweputitofffrom3pmthisweekenduntilthesametimeinnextThursday．Willthatbefineforyou?GoodnewsisthataexhibitionofChinesepaintingsaretobeheldthisweekend．Worksbymanynationwidefamouspainterwillbeincluded，amongwhoQiBaishiismostfamousinChina．AvisittherewillsurelyhelpyoubetterunderstandChinesepaintings．Lookingforwardtoyourearliestreply．第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假設(shè)你是營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的內(nèi)容寫一篇題目為“TopMealoftheDay”的文章登在營(yíng)養(yǎng)雜志上。現(xiàn)狀:許多高中學(xué)生不吃早餐（skipbreakfast），其結(jié)果不僅影響白天的學(xué)習(xí)，而且導(dǎo)致身體變差。原因:1.認(rèn)為早餐不重要，可有可無；2.早晨時(shí)間匆忙，為了節(jié)省時(shí)間不吃早晨；3.女孩為了減肥而不吃早晨。建議:每位學(xué)生都應(yīng)該每天吃早餐。原因……（自定，至少兩個(gè)）。要求：1.請(qǐng)按照要求使文章內(nèi)容充實(shí)，上下文連貫通順；2.詞數(shù)：100左右。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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參考答案第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1、B2、B3、C4、A5、D6、D7、C8、A9、C10、A11、D12、C13、C14、A15、A16、B17、C18、C19、A20、C第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21、Manypeoplewritetonewspaperandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.Letterstotheeditormustcarrythewriter’sfullname,addressandtelephonenumber,althoughtheinformationisnotnecessaryforpublication.Thisrequirementtoprovidepersonalparticularsisaclearindicationthatwritersareheldresponsibleforwhattheysay.Whenawriterwantshisvoiceheard,heneedstoclaimownershipofhisvoice.Responsibilityisthenameofthegame.“Peopletodaypreferlivingtogethertoputtingtheirsignaturesonamarriagecertificatebecausetheyrefusetoacceptresponsibilityfortherelationship,”saidsocialworkerKenYip,“andthisiswhatiscausingalotoffamilyproblems.”Whenwesignapaper,forexample,abusinesscontractorabankdocument,thesignatureisasealofconsent,anagreementtotakethematterseriously.Mostgovernmentsandmanyorganizationswillnotprocesswrittencomplaintsiftheydonotbearthewriter’ssignature.Theabsenceofasignature,theyexplain,tellsusthatthewritercannotbetooseriousandthereforedoesnotdeserveareply.Therearepeoplewhowishtoremainanonymous（匿名的）forvariousreasons.Multi-billionaireMr.Kingdonatesgenerouslytocharityseveraltimesayear.Hegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybring,andhedoesnotwanthisgooddeedstomakenews.Inothercases,peopleinsistonanonymitybecausetheyareafraidoftheconsequencesofrevealingtheiridentity.Crimewitnessesmaybewillingtoassistthepolice,butmostareunwillingtogivetheirnameswhenreporting