2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4NATURALDISASTERS4.1ReadingandThinking課時同步練習(xí)含解析新人教版必修第一冊

Unit4NATURALDISASTERS4.1ReadingandThinking一.基礎(chǔ)鞏固I．單詞拼法1.Alocalgovernment-fundedcompanywasresponsibleforbuildingtheplantanditalsobuiltallthesupportingfacilities（設(shè)施）likeroads,waterande________supply.2.Seasonaldroughtsarecausingmoreandmored________,threateningthesustainabledevelopmentandpeople'swell-beingintheregion.3.In2024,theMekongRiverexperienceditslowestwaterlevelsincerecordsbeganbecauseofd__________.4.GaosaidthatChinahashadnointentionto"rocktheboat"and/ord________theglobalorder.5.Thelittlemistaker_________hischanceofgettingthejob.6.Shedecidedtob_________thesecretdeepwithinherself.7.Peoplewhohavejustrisenoutofpovertycanfallintopovertyagainduetonaturald_____,illnessesorotherproblems.8.Ratesofextremepovertycouldrisetoa___________morethan1billionpeopleduetothepandemicintheworld.9.Thissummer,manyplacesinChinahavebeendamagedbyf___________causedbyheavyrains,withmorethan63millionpeopleaffectednationwide.10.Intherescuemissionin2008WenchuanEarthquake,ChenLusearchedforandr___________thoseinneed,dragginginjuredlegsandcarryingequipmentweighingover30kilograms.II.單句語法填空1.The___________(injure)weresenttothenearesthospitalrightawayaftertheaccident.2.Wewererescued______thesinkingshipbyapassingboat.3.Thebigfirecausedgreatdamage___________thebuildingbuiltlastyear.4.Whathetolduswasa___________story，whichmadeusall___________.(shock)5.Whenthecomet（彗星）getsclosertothesun,theenergyofthesunheatsthecomet,andgasanddust___________(eruption)fromthesurfaceofthecomet,formingahugedusttail,usuallyinyellow.6.Hewastryingtosavethegirl_______(trap)intheburninghouse.7.Iwassoweakthatevenstandingupwas_______effort.8._________(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9.Heusedto___________(suffer)fromthenoisecausedbygarbagetrucksaswellasbadsmells.10.Chinahighlyappreciatesthe___________(tire)effortsbytheWHO.III.短語填空inruins，insteadof，falldown，cometoanend，digout，inshock，blowaway，asusual,betrappedin,asif/asthough1.Whentheyoungman_______________thebuilding，hefeltveryhelpless.2.Yearsoffightinghasleftthecity____________(ruin)；itwouldtakealotofmoneytorebuildit.3.Theboywalkedslowly__________hehadhurthisleg.4.Cheerup！Theworldisnot_______________!5.Thesheltermight____________ifitrainsmoreheavily.6.___________beingannoyed，heseemedquitepleased.7.Iam30yearsold,soIoftentalkwithmycustomersabout_______________Thirty(apopularTVseriesinChina)8.Thesurvivorswere_______________，wonderinghowlongthedisasterwouldlast.9.Thatdayhewenttoworkoutinthegym____________.10.ItwasreportedthatanAmericancouplehad_______________alotofgoldcoinsfromtheirownyard.=4\*ROMANIV.翻譯1.井壁上出現(xiàn)了許多深裂縫。_________________________________________________2雞甚至連豬都太驚慌而不能吃東西,狗也不情愿進(jìn)樓里。__________________________________________________________________________________________________3.仿佛世界末日即將來臨！_________________________________________________4.在這次地震中死亡或嚴(yán)峻受傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。_________________________________________________5.地震剛剛過去，部隊(duì)派出了15萬名戰(zhàn)士奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。__________________________________________________________________________________________________=5\*ROMANV.依據(jù)課文填空SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976，manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theyweresignsforanearthquake.Butpeople1.livedtheredidn’tthinkmuchofthat.At3∶42amthatday，theearthbegan2.________(shake)，3.destroyedalmostallthecityinfifteenterribleseconds.Peoplewere4.____shock.Laterthatafternoon,5.bigearthquakeshookthecityagain.Even6.(many)buildingsfelldown.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp，andteamswereorganizedtodigoutthe7.(trap)andtoburythedead.Manypeople,8.(include)nursesanddoctors，cametorescuethosewhoweretrappedundertheruins.Slowly，things9.(improve)andthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withthegovernment’ssupportandthelocalpeople’stireless10.(effort)，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Itprovesthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemustunify.二、拓展提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface，nearthegroundinsteadofplacingthemonthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed，sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement，thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.Thereisastrongchanceofshortcircuits(短路)andfireduringanearthquake.Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.Duringanearthquake，liebeneathanobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Donotgonearobjectsthatcoulddirectlyfallonyou.Neverusetheelevatortogodown.Stayinsideuntiltheshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Researchhasshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.Usethestaircasesatalltimes.Ifyouareoutdoors，donottakeshelterunderatree，streetlights，electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving，stopyourcarandstayinasafeplace.Donotparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.Iftrappedindebris(瓦礫堆)，coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforclothing.Taponapipeorthewallsothatrescuerscanfindyou.Useawhistleifoneisavailable.Nevershoutforhelp.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindangerousamountsofdust.Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.Donotmoveaboutorkickupdust.1.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellreaders.A.thedamagecausedbyearthquakesB.therescueworkafterearthquakesC.howtopreventearthquakesD.whattodoaboutearthquakes2.Theunderlinedword“Fragile”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.EasilyfoundB.EasilybrokenC.Expensive D.Heavy3.Duringtheearthquake，peopleareadvisedto.A.gooutofthebuildingatonceB.drivetoasafeplacequicklyC.takeshelterunderatreeD.turnoffelectricityandgasimmediatelyBLiFangbohadanewcompanionwhilefightingfloodsthisyear－adrone.Ashedroveaboatthroughthewateronrescueoperations,thedrone（無人駕駛飛機(jī)）wasflyingoverheadinasupportingrole."Thedroneisabletogetintodangerouszonesquicklyanddetectwhetherthereisanyonetrappedandwhethertherescuerouteissafeornot,"saidLi,adroneoperatorfromtheWuhuinAnhuiprovince.Inadditiontodrones,aseriesoftechnologieshavebeenappliedinfightingfloodsthisyearinAnhui,whichhassavedtimeandenergy.YeMingdong,whohasbeenworkingatthefrontlineoffloodcontrolanddroughtreliefforyearsinDangtucounty,Ma'anshancity,hasseenthedifferencenewtechnologieshavemadewhilefightingfloodsthissummer."Inthepast,telephoneswouldkeepringingasfloodcontrolstafffromthetownshipsandvillagescalledtoaskaboutthereal-timeprecipitation（降雨量)andwaterlevels.Butthisyear,theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystemhashelpedgatherkeydataattheriversandlakegates,"saidYe,deputydirectorofthecounty'sfloodcontrolanddroughtreliefoffice.Thesystem,firstappliedduringthefloodseasonin2024,gathersandtransmitsstatisticseveryfiveminutes,whichmakesreal-timestatisticsavailableontheinternet.Thereisalsoawallofscreenswithsignalsfrom70high-resolutioncamerasattheoffice,whichoffersreal-timeviewsoflevees（防洪堤）alongtheYangtzeRiver,high-risksectionsandimportantgatesinthecounty."Wealsohaveahelmetwithacameraattachedtoit,whichcantransmitreal-timeimagesfromrescuesitestoheadquarterstohelpdirecttherescuework,"Yesaid.ThismonitoringnetworkispartofChina'seffortstoapplybigdataandartificialintelligenceinfloodcontrol.AccordingtoLiuZhiyu,anofficialwiththeMinistryofWaterResources,ittakesonly10to15minutestogatherprecipitationandwaterleveldatafromallthe120,000flood-forecastingstationsacrossthecountry.Statisticsareconsideredkeyforfloodcontrol."Abundantinformationontheprecipitationandwaterlevelsontheupperandlowerreachesandthesurroundingareasisnecessaryforfightingfloods,"Yesaid.1.What’sthedronecandohelpLiintherescue?A.detecttrappedpersonsB.driveaboatC.flyoverheadD.fightfloods2.Whichpartisnotincludedintheautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystem?A.wallofscreensB.70high-resolutioncamerasalongtheYangtzeRiverC.ahelmetwithacameraattachedtoitD.adrone3.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.adronecanhelprescuepeoplewhendisasterhappens.B.theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystemisaspecialnetworksystemusedforrecuinginthefloodsC.Statisticsareconsideredkeyforfloodcontrol.D.bigdataandartificialintelligencehastakenanimportantpartinfloodcontrol=3\*ROMAN=2\*ROMANII.完形填空Theearthquakewasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe

1

hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI

2

anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread，whichmademyheart

3

.Amanwasholdingasignsaying，“Pleaseuseour

4

.”Hewas

5

hishouseforpeopletogototherestroom.Myfriend，

6

wantedtobeofhelptoothers，stoodinthecoldwithasign“Ifyoudon’t

7

amotorcycle，I’llbegladtodriveyouhome.”AndthenIsawhimpickupanoldmananddrivehimallthewaytoafarawayplace!ThenextdayIdrovetohavemycar

8

.Therewasnotenough

9

nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhavevery

10

lines.Igotworried，sinceIwas

11

fifteencars.Finally，whenmy

12

came，themansmiledandsaid，“

13

thissituation，weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright？”“

14

.It’snicethatweareallableto

15

，”Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchcomfort.AttheescapecenterIsawaman

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whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircenter.However，afterhecleanedupthetears，hisnext

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surprisedme.“Iamvery

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thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t

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anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”Hearingthat，Irealizedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis

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.1.A.life B.businessC.rescue D.traffic2.A.noticed B.missedC.ignored D.caught3.A.kind B.brokenC.warm D.empty4.A.hotel B.toiletC.hospital D.house5.A.opening B.sellingC.repairing D.building6.A.who B.whomC.which D.he7.A.buy B.careC.matter D.mind8.A.usedupB.takenupC.filledupD.washedaway9.A.gas B.informationC.food D.water10.A.direct B.fineC.long D.thin11.A.behind B.betweenC.among D.beneath12.A.time B.turnC.duty D.decision13.A.ExceptforB.TogetherwithC.InsteadofD.Becauseof14.A.NotatallB.OfcourseC.NowayD.Nevermind15.A.share B.offerC.learn D.choose16.A.crying B.eatingC.smilingD.singing17.A.ways B.rolesC.words D.promises18.A.sure B.gratefulC.surprised D.proud19.A.boughtB.wastedC.preparedD.received20.A.disasterB.chanceC.cityD.center=3\*ROMANIII.短文填空AsfarasIknow，theheavystormwasoneoftheworst1.

(event)ofthecity.Ithitthewesternpartofthecitylastnight.Thewindspeedreachedeightykilometersperhour.Thestormcausedseriousdamage2.

atleasttwohundredhomes.Agreatnumberoffamilies3.

(be)lefthomelessaftertheroofsofthehouseswereblownaway.Scenesofthedisastercouldbeseeneverywhere，whichmadepeople4.

(frighten).InMainStreet，thecityparkwasfloodedcompletely.Manycars5.

(destroy)completelybyfloodwater.Onecarownerwithoutfullinsuranceburstout6.

(cry).Somecarswerecarriedacrosstheparkingareaanddumped(傾斜)intostorm-waterdrains.Inanotherblock，atreefellonabus7.

wastakingsomefootballplayerstoagame.8.

(luck)，nooneinthebusgot9.

(injure).Itwaspleasingthatthestormwasfinallyat10.

endafterdoingextremedamage.=4\*ROMANIV.寫作假如你是高三學(xué)生趙剛，你與一名叫王林的災(zāi)區(qū)孤兒結(jié)對子賜予幫助。為了和他成為摯友，并在學(xué)習(xí)上賜予他肯定的幫助，請給他寫一封信，信的內(nèi)容包括：1.你個人的基本狀況(年齡，愛好，特長，志向);2.向他介紹你的學(xué)習(xí)閱歷(至少兩條);3.歡迎他到學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)參觀。留意：1.詞數(shù)100詞左右;2.文章的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出;DearWangLin,It’sreallymypleasuretomakefriendswithyou.I’m…________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Lookingforwardtoyourletter.Bestwishes.Yours,ZhaoGangARMYLIFETranslatedbyXuYuanchongCloudsonfrontierhavedarkenedmountainscladinsnow;ARMYLIFETranslatedbyXuYuanchongCloudsonfrontierhavedarkenedmountainscladinsnow;ThetownwithGateofJadestandsfaraway,forlorn.Wewillnotleavethedeserttillwebeatthefoe,Althoughinwarourgoldenarmourbeoutworn.從軍行王昌齡青海長云暗雪山，古城遙望玉門關(guān)。黃沙百戰(zhàn)穿金甲，不破樓蘭終不還。答案：一.基礎(chǔ)鞏固I．單詞拼法1.electricity2.damage3.drought4.destroy5.ruined6.bury7.disasters8.affect9.floods10.rescuedII.單句語法填空1.injured2.from3.to4.shocking,shocked5.erupt6.trapped7.an8.Burying9.suffer10.tirelessIII.短語填空1.wastrappedin2.inruins3.asif/though4ingtoanend5.falldown6.Insteadof7.NothingBut8.inshock9.asusual10.dugout=4\*ROMANIV.翻譯1.Thereweredeepcracksthat

appeared

in

the

well

walls.2.Chickensandevenpigswere

too

nervous

to

eat，anddogsrefused

to

go

inside

buildings.3Itseemedasiftheworldwere

coming

to

an

end!4.Thenumberofpeoplewho

were

killed

or

badly

injuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewho

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

dead.=5\*ROMANV.依據(jù)課文填空1.who/that,2.to

shake,3.which,4.in,5.another,6.more,7.trapped,8.including,9.improved,10.Efforts二、拓展提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇解讀:本文介紹了在地震來臨時，如何做才能把損害降到最低。1.答案D解析寫作意圖題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，本文主要介紹在地震來臨時的一些平安方面的建議，告知讀者該怎么做。故選D。2.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后面的“l(fā)ikethosemadeofglassareeasilybroken”可知，fragile意為“易碎的”。故選B。3.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.”可知，在地震發(fā)生時，要確保馬上關(guān)掉電源和液化氣。故選D。B篇閱讀理解1.答案A解析從文章第三段“Thedroneisabletogetintodangerouszonesquicklyanddetectwhetherthereisanyonetrappedandwhethertherescuerouteissafeornot……”，可知無人飛被用來探測被困人員和可行道路。故答案為A。2.答案D解析從文章第八段可知“theautomaticmonitoringandreportingsystem”總檢測報告系統(tǒng)包括視頻墻和從黃河、高危部位、重點(diǎn)部位高辨別率攝像頭傳來的“汛情”。所以這個系統(tǒng)包括A、B從第九段“Wealsohaveahelmetwithacameraattachedtoit”可知，“我們”頭頂有帶有攝像頭的頭盔。所以這個系統(tǒng)包括C。故答案為D。3.這是一道有關(guān)文章整體理解的題目，A、B是細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題?！癷nfer”題要從文章基本信息做出新的理解，就是“Ifyouinferthatsomethingisthecase,youdecidethatitistrueonthebasisofinformationthatyoualreadyhave.”C是文章原句，沒有“infer”一下。答案D是基于文章的“進(jìn)一步理解”。故答案為D。=3\*ROMAN=2\*ROMANII.完形填空語篇解讀：作者所生活的城市遭遇了地震。許多人的無私救濟(jì)讓作者感到暖和，而一些難民的舉動也讓作者感到這個城市會有光明的將來。1.答案D解析依據(jù)上下文可知，地震使得交通癱瘓，作者只能步行回家。traffic交通，故選D。2.答案A解析作者在回家的路上留意到一位老太太在給大家分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包。notice留意到，故選A。3.答案C解析一位老太太在給大家分發(fā)免費(fèi)面包，這個場景使作者內(nèi)心感到暖和。warm暖和的，故選C。4.答案D解析依據(jù)后面的“hishouseforpeopletogototherestroom”可知，這個人讓大家運(yùn)用自己的房屋，給大家供應(yīng)便利。故選D。5.答案A解析此處指那個人打開自己的房屋給人們供應(yīng)便利。open打開，故選A。6.答案A解析本句是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是myfriend，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語。故選A。7.答案D解析在寒冷的天氣里乘坐摩托車是很冷的，所以此句句意為“假如您不介意乘坐摩托車的話，我會特別樂意把您送回家”。mind介意，故選D。8.答案C解析依據(jù)下文可知，作者去加油站給汽車加油。useup用完，耗盡；takeup占據(jù)，從事；fillup充溢；washaway沖走，忘卻。故選C。9.答案A解析依據(jù)后面的“manygasstationswereeitherclosed...Igotworried”可知，許多加油站沒有足夠的汽油了。gas汽油，故選A。