2025屆新高考英語熱點沖刺復習段落發(fā)展閱讀題

2025屆新高考英語熱點沖刺復習

段落發(fā)展閱讀題CONTENTS命題方式01全部題型技巧復習習題練習020301段落發(fā)展題Whatis段落發(fā)展題？段落發(fā)展題是英語閱讀理解中的一種常見題型，主要考查考生對文章篇章結構的理解能力。?這種題型要求考生分析文章的段落組織結構，理解段落之間的邏輯關系，以及作者如何通過段落安排來表達文章的主旨和論點。提問方式:Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?ThisadvertisementismademorebelievablebyTheauthorsupportshisviewby0Howdidthetwoprofessorsreachtheconclusionoftheirstudy?Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?必備詞匯:byanalyzingdifferentcategories分析不同的類別analyzingthereasons分析原因classifying分類comparingdata比較數(shù)據(jù)comparingthestatistics比較統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)conductingexperiments進行實驗解題時，考生需要：?把握文章的總體結構?：注意文章的開頭和結尾，通常這些部分包含文章的主旨。?識別段落的主題句?：每個段落通常有一個主題句，后面跟著的是對主題句的展開或例證。?分析段落之間的關系?：注意段落之間的過渡詞語，這些詞語幫助理解段落的銜接和邏輯關系。不同體裁的文章有不同的結構特點：?議論文?：通常遵循提出問題、分析問題、解決問題的結構。?記敘文?：按照故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結局來組織。?說明文?：突出說明事物的特點，按照一定的邏輯順序展開。解題方法：觀察定位段是否出現(xiàn)了提示詞。①bygivingexamples通過舉例。標志詞:forexample，forinstance②byanalyzingcauses通過分析原因。標志詞:asaresult/consequence!ens③bygivingdefinition通過下定義。標志詞:thatistosay④bylistingdatastatistics/figures通過列數(shù)字。標志詞:具體數(shù)字⑤bydescribingaprocess通過描述過程。標志詞:first，second，third，finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵作時間順序。標志詞:in1920，inthe1940s，nowadays⑦bymakingcomparison/contrast通過對比。標志詞:but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications過分類。標志詞:first.next.then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通過分析因果。標志詞:Thatisbecause....⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序。標志詞:由近及遠，由外到內(nèi)Armstrongshowedagreattalent(天賦)formusicwhenhewastaughttoplaythecornet(短號)ataboy’shome.Inhislateteens,Armstrongbegantolivethelifeofamusician.Heplayedinparades(游行，閱兵),clubs,andonthesteamboatsthattraveledontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,NewOrleanswasfamousforthenewmusicofjazzandwashometomanygreatmusicians.Armstronglearnedfromtheoldermusiciansandsoonbecamerespectedastheirequal.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.byspaceB.byexamplesC.bytimeD.bycomparisonCAlsoofnote:thepercentageofcatswith“secure”attachmentstylesisactuallyhigherthandogs“,only58%ofdogsshowedthe”secure“attachment,while42%werecategorizedasinsecure.

Thelastparagraphisdeveloped_______________.A.bygivingexamples B.bycomparingdata C.bygivingtimeorder D.byfollowingthelogicBAtthesametime,computerswillsurelybecomeacentralpartoftheschoolinthefuture.AccordingtoTheAge,thedistantlearningwillbepopularandstudentswilllistentoteachersoncomputers.Goingintoclassroomsontheircomputers,studentswillstudyatanytime,whichisveryeasyforthem.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.bygivingexamplesB.byusingpersuasivedataC.bygivingresearchresultD.bycomparingdataC02習題練習Prairiedog（草原犬鼠）tunnels（洞穴通道）usuallyhaveseveralchambers.Thesechambersarelikeroomsinahouse.Femaleprairiedogsusethemwhentheygivebirthandwhentheyraisetheirbabies.Theotherchambersareusedbythefamilyforsleeping.Tomakethemcomfortable，prairiedogsinsulate（使······隔離）thechambersbyliningthewallswithgrass.Thetunnelsarealsousedforshelterwhenprairiedogsarethreatenedbyotheranimals.Forthisreasontheyaredesignedwithtwoormoreescapeholes.Howdoestheauthorexplainthefunctionofchambersintheparagraph?A.Bygivingthemeaningofchambers.B.Bydescribinghowchambersarebuilt.C.Byclassifyingthecontentsofchambers.D.Bycomparingchamberstohumanrooms.DScientistsstudied34years'worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenose

dolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignature

sound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhen

theirbabieswerenotnearby.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins'soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.APartoffindingthisseeminglytricky“sweetspot”hastodowithhowpeoplespendtheextra

timetheyhave,theresearchersbehindthenewstudyargue.Theyconductedseveralsmaller

onlineexperiments.Inonetheyaskedparticipantstoimaginehaving3.5to7freehoursperday.Theywereaskedtoimaginespendingthattimedoing“productive”things(likeexercising)orto

imaginedoing“unproductive”activities

(

likewatchingTV).Studyparticipantsbelievedtheir

well-beingwouldsufferif

they

hadalotoffree

time

duringtheday—butonlyif

they

usedit

unproductively.Thoughthatexperimentwashypothetical,whichisonelimitationofthenew

research,it’scertainlyinlinewithotherresearchshowingthatbeinginastateof“flow”canbe

goodforpeople’smental

health.29.

Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenew

study?A.

Bydoinglarge-scaleonline

surveys.B.

Bygivinginterviewsandmentaltests.C.

Bycomparingrespondents’

backgrounds.D.

Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.DAdditionally,researcherssaythatastheairinLondonandParisbecamemorepolluted,thecitieswouldappearhaziertotheeyesaswellasinphotographs.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonettopicturesfromtheera,theywereabletodeterminetheartistswereatleastpartlyinfluencedbythechangeinemissions.28.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byreferringtorelevanthistoricalrecords.B.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonet.C.Byrelatingthepaintingstotheairconditionsthen.D.ByanalyzingthedataduringtheIndustrialRevolution.CDoctorrecommended'TVEars!“MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.Asaretiredeardoctor.IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.3.

Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_______.A.

usingrecommendations

B.

offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.

providingstatistics

D.

showingtheresultsofexperimentsAThepropertyalsohasabusinesscenterwithcopyandfaxservices.Parkingisavailableforanadditionalfee.LessthantwomilesfromI-405,theEmbassySuitesiswithinahalf-mileofvariousrestaurantsandjustthreemilesfromJohnWayneAirport.OurguestssaytheEmbassySuites’location,“brilliant”breakfastand“friendly”staffmakeitoneoftheirfavoriteSantaAnaproperties.3．Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby________.A．providingtheexactaddress

B．usingguests’commentsC．a(chǎn)nalyzingitsprosandcons

D．interviewingtheguestsD03全部題型技巧復習高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧復習主旨歸納題顧名思義，主旨歸納題主要考察同學們對文章內(nèi)容以及段落大意的總體掌握。主旨歸納題目常見的形式有：1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?該題型的選項往往都能在文章中找到。而正確答案通常是概括性強及主題突出的句子。做這類題目容易以偏概全，所以同學們尤其要注意從文章結構中來找尋主旨句。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文中三個位置：①段首句是主題句②but后是主題句③段尾句是主題句（文章首段）例如：ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.(主題句)ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(主題句)Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(優(yōu)先).Thisviewisshortsighted.(主題句)從以上例子來看，這三個位置是我們在做主旨歸納題時首要關注的地方。在找到主題句之后，就能更好地歸納文章以及段落的主旨大意，拿到分數(shù)也就不在話下了。詞義推斷題詞義推斷題尤其考察同學們對于句子的理解。題型設計對某個單詞或者詞組釋義的猜測，對文中的多義詞的含義進行確定，或者是判斷某個代詞的指示對象。常見的題型為：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthefirstparagraphmeans?2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencerefersto_____?3.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheword“crept”具體的解題思路如下：①根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜詞這個方法尤其適用于and或者or連接的詞組，例如happinessandsorrow，我們不認識sorrow這個詞，但是根據(jù)happiness可以猜測，這個詞的意思是“悲傷”。②根據(jù)句意猜詞通過句意猜詞，需要同學們把握語境，知道整個句子在表達什么。例如：Asshegotclose,shesawthethief,shejumpedoutofthebed,openedthedoorandcrepttowardsadarkshadow.。題干要求找出crept的同義詞，選項為movedslowly,rushedout,threwaway,gotup.根據(jù)這句話的語境，當主人公發(fā)現(xiàn)小偷的時候，她應該是“悄無聲息，慢慢地”靠近小偷，因此同義的詞組是movedslowly。以意群為單位，成組視讀分清意群，停頓嫻熟，不僅是朗誦的關鍵，更是閱讀的基本素質。英語閱讀是以意群為單位，而非以單詞或詞組為單位。成組視讀是說用眼睛掃視，不是一個詞一個詞的去默看，而是向探照燈一樣根據(jù)意群，一組組的進行掃視，句子是看做一個整體結構的，被收納的是信息，而不是單個的詞匯。首尾在心，緊扣中心任何一個作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章也都會有自己的中心主旨，為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此同學們應格外注意。學會跳讀，心中有圖閱讀理解要做到心中既有森林，又有樹木，既要縱覽全文，又要主次有別。跳讀即可用來通讀全文，了解大意，又可用來搜尋細節(jié)，鎖定被考察信息——如此既把握了整體，又不會忽視細節(jié)。在跳讀時一定不要借用母語翻譯，比如大家可以通過情景想象、提綱列表、重點連線、簡圖示意等手段來梳理文章脈絡，讓文章的框架更加直觀化、形象化、具體化。請善于猜測詞義各類考試都允許出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞匯，這些詞匯往往文中都會給出暗示，考生可以根據(jù)上下文來推斷他們的意思。比如有些其后則會緊跟其同位語，直接對其進行解釋說明;有的詞匯(多數(shù)為名詞)只需判定它是某類事物即可，比如人名、地名、某類動、植物等等，而無須弄明白其具體意思;有些生詞實在沒有線索也不必太在意，因為1、2個詞不認識根本不會對文章理解帶來障礙，如果大家因為不認識生詞慌了陣腳，才會得不償失影響自己的發(fā)揮。當然，英語語言相當豐富，同一意思會有多種不同表達，以避免語言表述上的單調(diào)重復。考試中常見的題型“同意改寫”就是考察學生的這一能力的。巧用閱讀中的各種符號逗號用于分割并列成分，兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補充說明成分，就可以跳過不看節(jié)省