北京市第一零一中學2024~2025學年高三上學期統(tǒng)練四英語試題

北京市第一0一中學2024-2025學年度統(tǒng)練4高三英語2024-10-15第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She'dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached1,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse'smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe2himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That'swhatIcalla(an)3,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto4.“I'mexcited,”O(jiān)liviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses5eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By6theprogram'shorseswithSabrina'shelpandforming7withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir8skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome9withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie'smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn'ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn'ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their10consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happilyB.calmlyC.slowlyD.directly2.A.fedB.leftC.madeD.threw3.awardBexchangeC.negotiationD.breakthrough4.A.fameB.successC.freedomD.responsibility5.A.beforeB.afterC.asD.though6.A.takingoverB.walkingwithC.caringforD.respondingto7.A.routinesB.bondsC.judgementsD.ideas8.A.technicalB.survivalC.socialD.organizational9.A.popularB.familiarC.satisfiedD.patient10.A.resistanceB.disappointmentC.misunderstandingD.hesitation第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearn,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpoints11(.o-yonmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren12performTVs.Asecondstudy,13(look)atnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundpoorereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswho14(watch)lotsofTVduringchildhood.BFirst15(create)bySterlingMortonin1872,TreePlantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople'spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees,andtoprotectandimprovethenaturalenvironment16peopledependonfortheirliving.InFebruary,1979,the5thNationalPeople'sCongressofPeople'sRepublicofChinamadearesolutionthatMarch12hwouldbetakenasChineseTreePlantingDay.Sincethen,about50billiontrees(plant)alloverChina.Thedinnerpartyisunderthreat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,“Howcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But18、TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations1(settle)outweeksinadVanceandthehostspreparefood20(carceral).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitseco-development,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld'spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon'tbemuchofaproblem.21.WhowouldbemostlikelyinneedofTheWaterMill?A.Ahouseholdwithhighelectricitybill.B.Residentsinanareawithfrequentstorms.C.Apersonwhohasaccesstowaterforfree.D.Someonewholacksenoughdrinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.nItisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblemB.ADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAirD.AnAbsolutelyNewInventionBTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They'dbeencompetingfor+0.5.hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofile.“Myfatherdidn'twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny.BTofulfillJohnny'sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny'sinterest.D.TospeedupJohnny'srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?A.Lackofenergy.R.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful.B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous.D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn'tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That'swhyGauff'steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(氣味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit'snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it'sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat'sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin'snaturaloils,sapienceacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It'swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey'reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects'brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystrongly1obothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes'decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam'snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.28.What'sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff'steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes'brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.29.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienceacid.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物識別的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份驗證),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,''saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—-hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser'sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You'llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We'renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”31.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber'sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.33.WhatisEricBrown'sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent.B.Passionate.C.Pessimistic.D.Objective.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(E=A+B,F=A+C,G=A+D)ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.35Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen'saffect——especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.36Moreover,researchsuggeststhataperson'saffectisrelativelystableovertime,especiallybythetimeonereachesadulthood.Affectistypicallydescribedintermsofbeingeitherpositiveornegative,anditseemsthatpositiveaffect,inparticular,isrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialoutcomesinadulthood.Insupportofthiscrucialrolethatpositiveaffecthasindevelopment,astudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVirginiafollowedteenagersandyoungadultsfromages14to25,allowingthemtounderstandthepredictivepowerofpositiveaffectacrossthecriticaldevelopmentalperiodfromadolescencetoyoungadulthood.37Forexample,teenswithahigherpositiveaffectreportedhadastronger,healthierattachmenttotheirfriends.38Positiveaffectalsopredictedincreasedself-worthandjobcompetence,suggestingthat,overall,positiveaffectseemstobeakeypredictorofyoungadultsuccessacrossseveralimportantareasoffunctioning.Butwhatabouttheeffectsofnegativeaffect?Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhethernegativeaffectwouldpredictproblemsinyoungadulthood.39Thus,theimportanttakeawayisthatadolescentpositiveaffectmayhavepowerfullinkstoimportantlifeoutcomesinthedomainsofpersonalwell-being,career,andsocialrelationshipsuptoadecadelater.A.Affectiveresponsestoeventstypicallyhappenautomatically.B.Sohowcanparentshelptheirchildrengraspthemeaningofpositiveaffect?C.Butwhatfactorshelpproducetheseoutcomesasteensmovefromadolescencetoadulthood?D