2024年高考英語(yǔ)真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編12七選五-科教科普類含解析

PAGE2024年高考英語(yǔ)真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)匯編（12）七選五-科教科普類1.Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourselfandliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herearesomechoicesthatwillleadtoyourtransformation.ChoosetochangebadhabitsSomebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.①__________

Youcanovercomethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyourstruggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananything.ChoosetogrowIt’seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife.

②__________Inchoosingtogrow,youbuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeawareofwhatneedsimprovement,andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.ChoosetoseekabalancedlifeWheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Ortheopposite?③__________

Ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,findthetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ifyouhaven’tcommittedtoascheduleinawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone.④__________Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamilymembersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocialstability.ChoosetoliveyourpassionWhateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethingsyouwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicetopursuethosepassionsatwhatevercost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou’veneverdone.⑤__________A.ChoosetospendtimewiththoseyouloveB.ChoosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexiblyC.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.E.However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.F.It’sgoodtochange,andyou’veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.2.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ADietWithoutEnoughProteinCanCauseDepressionDepressionisaconditionsocommon,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)callsit“aleadingcauseofdisability.”Difficultyinfallingasleep,lossofappetite,andlossofabilitytoconcentratearejustafewoftheothereffectsofdepression.WHOestimatesthatworldwide,atanyonetime,350millionpeoplesufferfromthecondition.Whilelifeeventssuchasthelossofaspouseorajobmaycreateahappeningofdepression,manycasescomefromwithinandarenotcausedbyalifeevent.Nowscientistsareworkingonanewaspectofcure:nutrition.①__________TheIndianJournalofPsychiartryreportsthatbothbeforeandduringahappeningofdepression,thosewiththeconditionwillshowa“poorappetite…”②__________Manycasesofdepression,ifnotmostcases,affectthosewhodon’teatproperly.Sowhatdoesproteinhavetodowithallthis?Itallcomesdowntoaminoacids(氨基酸).Proteinsaremadeupofaminoacids,chemicalsknownasthe“buildingblocksoflife.”Thereare20differentaminoacids.③__________Boththehumanbrainandnervoussystemuseaminoacidsasasubstancethatcreatesasignalfromonebraincelltoanotheroronenervecelltoanother,thusrelayinginformationbetweenthecells.Whatthefinalresultthen?④__________Sinceaminoacidsmakeupprotein,adietwhichlacksinproteinwillcauseweakercommunicationbetweenthebraincells.Thislessensthesignalbeingsentfromonebraincelltothenextduringathought.⑤__________Thisiswhydepressioncanoftenexpressitselfasangeroraggression.A.Theultimateeffectishowwethink.B.Don'truinyourappetitebyeatingbetweenmeals.C.Skippingmealsitselfcancreateadepressedmood.D.Anewresearchsuggeststhatnutritioncanlessensomeoftherisksofdepression.E.Indiaisperhapstheworld’sleaderinresearchingtheconnectionbetweendietanddepression.F.Manyofthemaremadebythehumanbody,butnineothers,the“essential”aminoacids,mustbeeateninone’sdiet.G.Theprocesscanleadtotwistedsignals,whichcannotonlyleadtodepression,butalso,accordingtomanyscientists,aggression.3.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.①__________Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.②__________Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.③__________Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.④__________Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.⑤__________

HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballistic—missiles(戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)彈)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.4.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverheardofaninsectcalledthecicada(蟬)?①______.Buttheyhaveaninterestinginternalclockthattellsthemwhentogoaboveground.Every17years,billionsofthenoisyBroodVcicadas(十七年蟬)willswarm(成群出現(xiàn))tonortheasternpartsoftheUS,includingNewYork,OhioandPennsylvania.②______.ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.③______.AccordingtoDiscoveryNews,theseinsectsstartedtheirlivesin1999.Andastheir17-yearlifecyclecomestoanend,theygoabovegroundwhentheirundergroundhomesgetwarmer64degreesFahrenheit(about18℃)tobeexact.Thenthefemaleswilllayhundredsofeggsintrees,andafteraboutfourtosixweeks,themotherandfathercicadaswilldie.④______.Whiletheycanbekindofannoying,theseinsectsdon’tharmhumans,buttheydomakealotofnoiseduringtheirtimeaboveground.⑤______.However,sincetherearesomanyofthe17-yearcicadas,theamountoflaideggscansometimesharmsmalltreesandbushes.Butafterthissummer,theseinsectswillmostlymindtheirownbusinessuntil2033.A.Thatsoundisthemalecicadasattractingthefemalecicadas.B.Thecicadainsectsarecommoninsummer,especiallyinAugustandcanbefoundinJulyaswell.C.Thereareotherkindsofcicadasthatcomearoundonceayearorevery13years.D.Thebabycicadaswillgounderground,andthe17-yearcyclewillstartoveragain.E.Asamatteroffact,peopleliketoeattheminsomecultures.F.Well,aspecialkindoftheseinsectsliveundergroundintheUSformostoftheirlives.G.ThisiswhatmakesBroodVcicadassospecial.5.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Anobviousreasonforlearninganewlanguageistobeabletocommunicatewiththepeoplewhospeakit.①

______Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”.CulturalunderstandingSpeakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture,aslanguageandculturegohandinhand.②______

Itshowsnewwaysoflookingattheworld.Inaddition,whenyouspeakanotherlanguage,youcanenjoyliterature,film,andmusicintheoriginallanguage.Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfectreplica(復(fù)制品)oftheoriginal.③______.Businessandcareers④______Schoolsandemployerstendtoprefercandidateswhospeakoneormoreforeignlanguages.EventhoughEnglishiswidelyspokeninmuchoftheworld,thefactisthattheglobaleconomydependsoncommunication.WhendealingwithFrance,forexample,someonewhospeaksFrenchwillhaveanobviousadvantageoversomeonewhodoesn’t.LanguageimprovementLearninganotherlanguagecanhelpyoutounderstandyourown.ManylanguageshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofEnglish.⑤______Also,inlearninghowanotherlanguagediffersfromyourown,youwillincreaseyourunderstandingofyourownlanguage.Formanypeople,languageisinnate(與生俱來(lái)的)—weknowhowtosaysomething,butwedon’tnecessarilyknowwhywesayitthatway.Learninganotherlanguagecanchangethat.A.Languageishelpfulinmakingforeignfriends.B.Thebestwayistoreadwhattheauthoractuallywrote.C.Learninganotherlanguageopensone’smindtonewideas.D.Yourtripwillbecomfortableifyouspeakthelocallanguage.E.Speakingmorethanonelanguagewillincreaseyourmarketability.F.Itistruethatmasteringanotherforeignlanguageisverybeneficial.G.Learningthosewillteachyouwherewordsandevengrammaticalstructuresarefrom.6.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatisyourfavoritecolor?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?①__________Doyouprefergraysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolorpreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolorshaveonhumanbeings.

②__________Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

③__________Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.④__________AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.⑤__________Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgray.A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.B.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.C.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.D.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods一thereisnodoubtaboutit.E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplehappier,moreactiveandmoreproductive.F.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,oranactivepersonwhoenjoyslifeandexcitement.G.Theytellusthatwedon’tchooseourfavouritecolouraswegrowup—wearebomwithourpreference.7.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。并將答案寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上,選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ambitiousstudentsworkhardtoexcelandstayonthetopbyputtingincountlesshoursofstudies,whichincludefrequentlatenights,endlesscrammingandrevisionsessions.①_______Notvery.Studiesshowthatastudentwhostudiesforanhourandtakesaten-minutebreakattheendofthesessionremembersmoreofwhatislearnedthroughoutthesession,thanastudentwhocontinuesstudyingwithouttakingabreak.②_______Hereisalistofsome.

●RelaxestheMind③_______Studyingforlonghoursatastretchcreatesaninformationoverload,andbringsaboutrestlessnessandtiredness.Ashortteabreakattheendofa45-minutestudysessionrefreshesyoursenses,energizesyou,andgetsyoubackintherightframeofmind,readytotakeonthenexttaskintheschedule.●ImprovesConcentrationLevelsThepurposeofastudysessionistostudyasmuchaspossibleandremembermostofwhathasbeenlearnedinit.④_______Itishighlylikelythatlonghoursofstudyingcanbecomemonotonous(單調(diào)的)andcauseyoutobelievethatyouare‘learning’,whenyouareonlyjust‘reading’.Ashortbreakeasesoutyourstressedmind,bringsyoubackontrack,andallowsyoutostartstudyingwithnew-foundfocuslevels.●?ImprovesInformationRetention(保留)Learningcontinuouslyreducestheabilitytorememberinformation.⑤_______AccordingtoThePrimaryandRecencyEffects,memoryimprovesjustbeforeandimmediatelyafteryoutakeabreak.Therefore,studysessionsofashortertimespanprovemorebeneficial.A.Whaturgedthemtodoso?B.Howproductiveisthispractice?C.Thebestsolutionistotakeashortbreakevery30to60minutes.D.Manypeoplewanttofindoutwhytakingbreakswhilestudyingisessential.E.Tobeabletoachievethis,itisabsolutelynecessarytocontinuouslystayfocused.F.Takingbreakswhilestudyingcontributestobetterlearninginanumberofways.G.Aclearheadandrefreshedmindcanspeedupandenhancetheprocessoflearning.答案以及解析1.答案：

1.C

2.E

3.D

4.A

5.G

解析：1.上文提示“一些壞習(xí)慣好像在我們沒有意識(shí)到的狀況下依舊存在?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“你可以克服它們,找到更好的選擇,并通過你的奮斗來(lái)成為一個(gè)更好的你!”承接上下文,C項(xiàng)Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.(今日就做出選擇吧,你將不會(huì)被他們所統(tǒng)治。)切題。故選C。2.上文提示“人們很簡(jiǎn)單陷入固定的生活方式中?！痹僖罁?jù)下文提示“在選擇成長(zhǎng)的過程中,你塑造性格,培育自己的特長(zhǎng),意識(shí)到須要改進(jìn)的地方,并成為你勝利的全面發(fā)展的人?！背薪由舷挛?E項(xiàng)However,withre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.(然而,重新評(píng)價(jià)和成長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)了漂亮的自由。)切題。該項(xiàng)中的growth與下文的grow相吻合。故選E。3.上文提示“你在哪里須要平衡?你們都在工作,不玩耍嗎?還是相反?”下文提示“假如你花太多的時(shí)間在工作或獨(dú)自呆著,那就找時(shí)間進(jìn)行社交互動(dòng)和消遣?！背薪由舷挛?D項(xiàng)Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.(這兩種極端都不會(huì)讓你在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里過著開心的生活。)切題。該項(xiàng)中的this指的就是上文所提示的內(nèi)容。故選D。4.此處是一個(gè)小標(biāo)題,依據(jù)上下標(biāo)題可知答案在A/B中選擇。本段內(nèi)容提示“這對(duì)人類的生存至關(guān)重要。我們須要家庭成員和摯友建立的愛的紐帶?！庇纱送浦?A項(xiàng)Choosetospendtimewiththoseyoulove(選擇花時(shí)間和你愛的人在一起)。Love是關(guān)鍵詞,故選A。5.上文提示“無(wú)論付出什么代價(jià),都要選擇去追求那些激情。這可能意味著你要清空你的日程表,或者做一些你從未做過的事情?！背薪由衔?G項(xiàng)However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit.(然而,勝利和個(gè)人成就的回報(bào)是值得的。)切題。該項(xiàng)中的thereward和beworth與上文中的whatevercost構(gòu)成一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故答案為G。2.答案：

1.E

2.C

3.F

4.A

5.G

解析：1.前一句提到:科學(xué)家們正在致力于治療抑郁癥的一種方法:養(yǎng)分。下一句提到了印度精神病學(xué)雜志的報(bào)告。該空位于中間,選項(xiàng)中和前后句都有聯(lián)系的只有E選項(xiàng):在探討飲食和抑郁癥之間的聯(lián)系方面,印度或許是世界上領(lǐng)先的國(guó)家。故選E。2.前一句提到:《印度精神病學(xué)雜志》報(bào)道,在抑郁癥發(fā)生之前和期間,有這種狀況的人將顯示出一個(gè)“食欲減退……”后一句提到:很多抑郁癥的病例,假如不是大多數(shù)的話,都會(huì)影響那些沒有適當(dāng)飲食的人。選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)提到不當(dāng)飲食:不吃飯本身就會(huì)造成抑郁心情。3.前一句提到:有20種不同的氨基酸。該空承接上文,應(yīng)當(dāng)提到和氨基酸有關(guān)的話題,故F選項(xiàng)切題:其中很多(氨基酸)是由人體制造的,但另外九種,即“必需的”氨基酸,必需在飲食中食用。4.上文提到:人類大腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)都運(yùn)用氨基酸作為一種物質(zhì),從一個(gè)腦細(xì)胞向另一個(gè)腦細(xì)胞或從一個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞向另一個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞發(fā)出信號(hào),從而在細(xì)胞之間傳遞信息。最終的結(jié)果是什么?那么該句應(yīng)當(dāng)回答這個(gè)問題,提到最終的結(jié)果。故A選項(xiàng)正確:最終的效果是我們的思索方式。5.上文提到:由于氨基酸構(gòu)成了蛋白質(zhì),缺乏蛋白質(zhì)的飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致腦細(xì)胞間的溝通減弱。這削減了思索過程中從一個(gè)腦細(xì)胞發(fā)送到另一個(gè)腦細(xì)胞的信號(hào)。G選項(xiàng)正確:這一過程可能導(dǎo)致信號(hào)扭曲,這不僅可能導(dǎo)致抑郁,而且,依據(jù)很多科學(xué)家的說法,攻擊性。這就是為什么抑郁經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)為生氣或侵略。3.答案：

1.D

2.E

3.B

4.A

5.G

解析：1.D【解析】依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,沒有雷達(dá),飛機(jī)不能在壞天氣中平安著陸,輪船不能在濃霧中平安航行,因此它對(duì)于船運(yùn)公司和旅行者來(lái)說特殊重要,故選D。2.E【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知,科學(xué)家直到20世紀(jì)30年頭才在雷達(dá)技術(shù)上有了重大進(jìn)展,再依據(jù)后句"自那之后雷達(dá)被廣泛用于幾乎全部沖突中",故E項(xiàng)"在二戰(zhàn)中很多國(guó)家有效地運(yùn)用了雷達(dá)"符合語(yǔ)境,故選E。3.B【解析】依據(jù)空前一句可知,在屏幕上視察者會(huì)看到一束光,這表明白物體的方向和距離。故空處應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果的評(píng)價(jià),說明測(cè)量的結(jié)果是高度精確的。故選B。4.A【解析】此段主要介紹了雷達(dá)在不同領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用?？仗幥昂蠖际桥e例,所以A項(xiàng)舉警察駕駛裝備有雷達(dá)的汽車追蹤違章超速者的例子符合語(yǔ)境,故選A。5.G【解析】本空是本段的主旨句。依據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,本段主要講了雷達(dá)也可用于國(guó)防領(lǐng)域。故選G。4.答案：

1.客觀填空F

2.客觀填空C

3.客觀填空G

4.客觀填空D

5.客觀填空A

解析：【文章大意】本文主要是介紹十七年蟬這個(gè)特別特殊的物種。每17年,數(shù)十億只吵鬧的十七年蟬就會(huì)蜂擁到美國(guó)東北部,包括紐約、俄亥俄和賓夕法尼亞州。1.【答案】F【解析】考查語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系。依據(jù)后一句中But可知,空格處與后一句意思是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,而后一句中的一些關(guān)鍵詞goaboveground.(回到地面上)正好對(duì)應(yīng)F項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞liveunderground(生活在地底下),形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選F。2.【答案】C【解析】考查語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系。依據(jù)后一句ButthereareusuallyalotlessofthemcomparedtotheBroodVcicadas.(但與孵卵的蟬相比,它們的數(shù)量通常要少得多。)可知,前面空格里會(huì)提到其他的物種來(lái)跟十七年蟬進(jìn)行對(duì)比,而C項(xiàng)中正好有13年蟬,故選C。3.【答案】G【解析】考查語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系。本段講解并描述十七年蟬別出心裁之處。故G項(xiàng)“這就是使十七年蟬如此特殊的緣由”概括本段內(nèi)容。4.【答案】D【解析】考查語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系。依據(jù)前面幾句的描述可知,母蟬會(huì)在樹上產(chǎn)卵,幾周之后,蟬爸爸和蟬媽媽會(huì)死去,因此后面就會(huì)接上蟬寶寶,D項(xiàng)中說的蟬寶寶就會(huì)回到地下生活17年,17年的輪回就周而復(fù)始,故選D。5.【答案】A【解析】考查語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系。依據(jù)前一句中提到的關(guān)鍵詞alotofnoise(很多噪音)可知,A項(xiàng)中是對(duì)這種吵鬧聲的一個(gè)說明,是公蟬來(lái)吸引母蟬的,故選A。5.答案：

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.E

5.G

解析：1.【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)下文中的Peopleineverycountrypreferitwhentouristsmakeanefforttospeakthelocallanguage,evenifallyoucansayinitis“hello”and“please”,可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng),Yourtrip與tourists相呼應(yīng)。2.【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)段落開頭的Speakinganewlanguagehelpsyoutogettoknowanotherpeopleandculture可知,學(xué)習(xí)另一種語(yǔ)言能夠開闊眼界。3.【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上文中的Itisextremelydifficultforatranslationtobeaperfect