翻譯理論與實(shí)踐教案1

課程名稱：《翻譯理論與實(shí)踐》主導(dǎo)教材：馮慶華《實(shí)用翻譯教程》(英漢互譯)學(xué)分：2學(xué)時(shí)：3668學(xué)時(shí)，其中36學(xué)時(shí)為英譯漢，32學(xué)時(shí)為漢譯英，每周2學(xué)時(shí)。教學(xué)計(jì)劃2)翻譯技巧講練(介紹主要的英漢互譯技巧3)多視角的翻譯實(shí)踐與研究(不同領(lǐng)域的翻譯實(shí)踐及其操作原則與技巧，2馮慶華：《實(shí)用翻譯教程》(英漢互譯),上海外語教育出版社，2002年版陳宏薇：《新實(shí)用漢譯英教程》,湖北教育出版社，2000年版主要參考資料：Newmark,P.ATextbookofTranslation.Shanghai:SFLEP,2001.Nida,E.A.Language,Culture,andTranslating.Shanghai:SFLEP,1993.Nida,E.A.LanguageandCulture:ContextsinTranslating.ShaSFLEP,2001.張培基：《英漢翻譯教程》,上海外語教育出版社1980年版五、作業(yè)與考核方式作業(yè)：各種文本類型的翻譯練習(xí)；主要翻譯理論和重要翻譯概念的資料查找和課堂陳述。考核方式：課程考核以平時(shí)作業(yè)和期末開卷考試相結(jié)合的方式，考核成績由平時(shí)作業(yè)成績(40%)和期末考試卷面成績(60%)組成。31.Helpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingoftranslationclassification,evaluationcriteria,theroleo2.Thedifficultiesinvolvedintranslatisourcelanguage(SL)/receptorlanguage/targetlanguage(TL);reproduce;message/information;equivalence/correspondence2.Natureoftranslation(EugeneA.Nida):3.Classificationoftranslation:a.Oralinterpretation/writtentranslatib.Humantranslation/machinetc.Literary/scientific/political/cd.Domestication(naturalization)/foreignization(e1.嚴(yán)復(fù)：信、達(dá)、雅(faithfulness,expressivenes似4.EugeneA.Nida:natural/close;dynamic/functionalC.Whatdifficultiesmightoccurintran4c.Thewholeskyspangledgayt —RomeoandJuliete.g.crocodile'stears;scieII.TheRoleofTranslator:1.Acourierofthehumanspirits(普希金)2.Asculptorwhotriestorecreateaworkofpainting4.Amusician/anact5.Traduttori-traditori(TranslatorB.Responsibilityoftranslator:5bysophisticatedmod6#TitleofLesson:Contrastbetwe#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheB.Static(靜)vs.Dynamic(動(dòng))fA.Hypotaxis(從屬結(jié)構(gòu))vs.Parataxis(并列結(jié)構(gòu))e.g.Itisapity,however,thatDr.Thomasseemsnottohavlessonthathistoryoffersus-namely,tviewourselves,andhowwebehave.(流水句)7e.g.Doubtsbegantocreepintopeople'smindsaboutC.Subject-Prominent(主語句)vs.Topic-Prominent(主題句)2.Cigaretteswerethedeathof4.Ifyouconferabenefit,neverrememberit;ifyoureceiveone,rememberit6.Theyhadnorunning7.Theatrewillbere9.Bytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganiz8詞)9tleofLesson:Conk#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheA.Wordmeaninge.g.mascon,cosplay→atendencyoftranslatability(e.g.bar,disco)a.Polysemy(一詞多義)b.Homonymy(同形/同音異義)e.g.can;lead;bill;reed/reade.g.readymoney/pocketmo人f3)Hewasquicktouseself-deprecatinghumortothrowanyoneoffthe他是1980年5月27日在羅馬出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出A.Transformationofsentencestructuree.g.IwastoldnottotrustwhatIreadinthecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedininthePK臺-PleasefindthefullwordofPKanditsoriginalmeaning.Anyre-AttheendofthePPT,putinthesourceofyourknowledgeandthenamesofB.TranslatethefollowingparaItseemedapointscwentunnoticedforasecondufleaoffireglowingbesidetheperfectnavel.Joannejumped,andsquealedwithbuttheevidencecouldnotbedestroyed;immaculateskin.Corinnecontinuedherscreams,splicingthemwithgaspsofintake,whileeveryonerummagedthroughpursesaVaseline,butter,toothpaste-anythingfotoiletwatergivenherinadepartmentstore;Joannedabbedso #TitleofLesson:TransferofWordMeaningWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Amplificationofwordmeani2.AmplificationofwordmeaningII.ChoiceofWordingMeanings(詞義的選擇)g.I'mgoingtothedoctor'stomorromyshiftforme?j.Ithinkmoresingershavecovered“Yesterday”thananyothersong.k.We'vegotalltheexitscovered,sb.Shebackedthecaroutofthenarrowroad.d.TheorganizationisbackedbytheU.e.Ourcathasbrokenoneofherbacklegs.f.Whenyouhavedoneback.e.g.exercise:exerciseresponsibility(exerciseinfluence(施加影響)IV.CommendatorySenseorDerogatorySense(詞義的褒貶)A.Theworditselfhasco2.Hisnotorietyasarakedidnot3.Thetaskscarriedoutbythemarepra4.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePresident.B.Theworditselfisneutra2.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunatelyhehadacertainreputation.2.Aggressivephotographersfollowedtheprincesseverywhere3.HitlercarriedoutanaggressivV.AmplificationofWordMeaning(詞義的引申)e.g.Duringthemeetinge.g.UlyssesGrantonceexplainedhismilitarysuccessbywritiisIthinkIamaverb,instead我認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)動(dòng)詞(獨(dú)立而富于行動(dòng));而不是個(gè)人稱代詞(從屬而被動(dòng))?！眅.g.Really,though,theit,whatasuitofclothingcosts,howlongyoucankeepthebutcherFindthedifferentmeaningofthesingleformandpluralfcord(細(xì))繩proceeds(貨款)收益，收入refreshments茶點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)心#TitleofLesson:Converting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(401.Nounsderivedfromverbs(動(dòng)詞派3.Nounswithsuffix“-er”donotalwayprofession;sometimestheyembodyaverbalsenseinstead.Thesenouns4.Nounsastheprinciplepartofafixedexpression(作為習(xí)語主體的名aware,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,deignorant,glad,gratefuA.VerbsConvertedinte.g.Thedesignaimsatautomaticope形式)A.NounsConvertedintoAdjectolloquiaf4.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.uldsendthememorif6.Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbe2.詩的語言雖很通俗，但對人的感情的揭示/理解卻有深度。(a.→n.)3.有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面取得的成就給予了積極的評價(jià)。4.他們之間一直保持著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。(ad5.難怪老一輩的人見了這個(gè)就會(huì)想起36年前的往事。(n.→v.)8.年輕的學(xué)者吃著簡單的飯食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠著昏暗的燈光，長時(shí)間9.她輕盈地越過草地，跑上小道，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，走進(jìn)了門廊。Itis,perhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfcareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusinventionsthathebareRenaissanceidealofthe“universalman”,themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofnarrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisvenerated;theversatileperson,farworldofhighly-skilled“experts”whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompeteWiththishighdegreeofspecialization,thebeingpushedbackmorerapidlythaneverbefore.withoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthatspecializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverytheyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whyimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlytheevenhere,asoneofitsFellowsputit,atalectureunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!多面手非但不受人欽佩，反而常常遭到懷疑。當(dāng)今的世界是精通專業(yè)的“專家”呢?是在這里舉辦一次講座，也只有10%的會(huì)員能夠聽懂其中50%的內(nèi)容!#TitleofLesson:Adding#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Addingwordswhichindicatetheplura5.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialc2.AddingwordswhichindicatethetenseII.Abriefintroductionofaddinge.g.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ore.g.Afterthebanquets,thece.g.I'mreallybusythismorning:2classes,ameeting,V.Addingadverbs—人群漸漸地散去了?！鸫埠笏y道不洗漱(洗臉?biāo)⒀?嗎?e.g.Dayafterdayshedoesthesame:washfe.g.Heallowedthefathertobeoverrue.g.Flowersbloominthefields.一朵朵鮮花開滿原野。 千山，千難萬險(xiǎn))等；還有些詞，如、群、眾、歷、叢等也表示數(shù)量X.Addingauxiliarywordswhichindicateth—不要當(dāng)真嘛!我不過是跟你開玩笑罷了?！@是你的書嗎?一是我的?！猋es,ofcourseIdo.一什么?難道你不愛他?—我當(dāng)然愛他!exactman...”e.g.InApril,therewasthe“p“ponged”.e.g.TheforeignministersofChin—中、俄、日、美四國外長在東京會(huì)晤。e.g.Chinaiswillie.g.Yes,helikesfootball.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.A.PresentationTask:translatethefollo2.Airpressuredecreaseswithaltitu4.Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreate6.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardi7.Hebecomesextrememountains,waters,flowers,plants,fishesandbirds.B.Translatethefollowingpassages:yourfaithfulfriend,thefriendfromwhomyonothing!Youwere,intruth,somewhatinclinedtohidefromhimtheparticularmatterwhichmonopolizthedomainofliterature.象(提示),僅此而已(再多就辦不到了)。我就試著給大家提供這么一個(gè)印#TitleofLesson:Cutting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.Butit'sthewayIam,andtryasImighte.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeen—瑞士的氣候與索馬里截然不同。E.Cutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoun—她關(guān)門時(shí)外面正下著滂沱大雨。一直到那時(shí)我才開始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾。thustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.A)省略表示原因的連接詞—我們看見一只燕子，知道夏天就要來臨了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we'dbettermakeitbrief. 離別不是件容易的事(離別真叫人難受),我們還是簡短些吧。B)省略表示條件的連接詞—冬天來了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?(雪萊《西風(fēng)頌》)—早知如此我就不說了。C)省略表示時(shí)間的連接詞一最后他站到了懸崖上，轉(zhuǎn)過身來，悲哀地看著他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirl—1944年6月6日，歐洲戰(zhàn)局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，—夜晚11點(diǎn)，戰(zhàn)役打響了。(比較：戰(zhàn)役在夜晚11點(diǎn)打響。)—?dú)鈮旱?，沸點(diǎn)就低。nf他妹妹是個(gè)(女)演員。thosewhohadnot.—報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的將優(yōu)先錄取。plentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimoneposititookhislettersandsawthatthey3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwouremainedintact,andpeopl4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthe6.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritoripopulationandaboundinnaturalresour7.TheministerwishednoWhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonmustrememberthekaatskillsurroundingcountry.Everychangeofseason,everychanghouroftheday,producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofmountains,andtheyareregardedbyallthegoodwivesfarandprinttheirboldoutlinesontheclearefthelandscapeiscloudless,theywillgatherahoodofwhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willglowandlightuplikeAtthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagsmokecurlingupfromavillagewhosesingle-roofsgleamamongththebluetintsoftheuplandmeltawayintothefreshgreenofthenearerlandscape.Itisalittlevillageofgreatanintheearlytimesoftheprovince,justaboutthebeginningofthegovernmentoftheoodPeterStuyvesant(mayherestinftheoriginalsettlersstandingwfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows1.然而洪保德決不喜歡他們——他們生活奢華，大吃大喝，而且事無巨細(xì)全2.他們進(jìn)屋用餐。美酒佳肴不久就發(fā)生了作用，他們的交談不僅沒有惡言惡3.盡管物資匱乏，傷亡增加，但士氣并未受到影響，街上的人照常會(huì)面帶笑4.她又行了一個(gè)屈膝禮，要不是她的臉一直都紅得那么厲害，這會(huì)兒說不定5.在新大陸生活了十年之后，歐洲移民已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這里的水土、氣候和季節(jié)6.這些發(fā)展中國家地大物博，人口眾多。的，格子窗，人字門墻(正面是山形墻),屋頂裝著風(fēng)向標(biāo)(風(fēng)信雞)。在這些神奇的從山腳下，航行的旅客有時(shí)會(huì)看見輕煙從一座村落里裊裊而1彼得·斯圖佛遜(1592?-1672),荷蘭殖民統(tǒng)治者，他是新尼德蘭的最后一任荷蘭總督(1646-1664年),因其苛政而不受人們歡迎，終于1664年被迫將該殖民地拱手讓給英國。2彼得·斯太弗山特(1062-1682),荷蘭人，曾任荷蘭統(tǒng)治下的新尼德蘭(紐約舊名)最后一任總督。#TitleofLesson:RepeatingIntroducetothestudentsoneofthetranslatingmethods:repeating.#DifficultTeachingThetranslationof“nI.Forthesakeofexplicitness有些詞在英語中無需重復(fù)，可是譯成漢語就必須e.g.Gas,oilandelectricfurnacesarA.RepetitionofNoun英語第二次提到講過的事物時(shí)習(xí)慣用代替詞表示替代，漢語則重復(fù)e.g.JackkickedtheballtoHenryandHenrykickeditbacktoJack. 杰克把球踢給亨利，亨利又(把球)踢回給杰克。neitherignorenorundeimmeasurablydistantorn—有一個(gè)聲音響了起來，刺穿了他對親人的思念。這聲音他既不能充耳不聞，又不能領(lǐng)會(huì).....他不知這聲音是什么,到底來自e.g.OurlabisinBuildingFouran—我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室在四號樓，他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室在主樓。e.g.Myroomislightert—我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。e.g.ThebestwatchesarethosemadeinSwitzerland.—最好的表是e.g.Respectfortheviewe.g.Discounthousesdonotofferthesamee.g.“Ithoughttheactingwassplendid.”“SodidI” e.g.Doctorswillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutof100ordinary—醫(yī)生們從我一個(gè)人身上得到的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)比從一百個(gè)普通病B.RepetitionofVerbe.g.Theytalkedaboutabouthisfamily,abouth—他們談到他的家庭，(談到)他的工作，還談到他的前程。C.RepetitionofPronoun—你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候過來聊聊。*英語中常用some...ande.g.OnSundays,some—星期天，有的復(fù)習(xí)功課，有的去逛街。(星期天，復(fù)習(xí)功課的othersjoinedthearmyandIbecameateacherinmyvillage.—1974年，我們高中畢業(yè)。有的上大學(xué)去了，有的參軍了，我則A.英文中有重復(fù)的詞，譯文也重復(fù)同樣的詞—先生們盡管高喊和平，和平，但是依然沒有和平。closertovictory.”—“我們一天天逼近巴格達(dá)，我們一天天接近勝利。”e.g.Bloodmustatoneforblood.—血債要用血來還。e.g.Prominentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentbookshelf—在最顯眼的書架上最顯眼的書籍中最顯眼的要數(shù)12卷的不列顛百B.英文中有重復(fù)的詞，譯文則使用不同的重復(fù)詞e.g.Shewouldreadandre-readtheletter.—她會(huì)把那封信一遍又一遍地e.g.Theirbusinesswasontheup-and-up.—他們的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越紅火。A.運(yùn)用疊詞疊詞，特別是四字重疊詞組，使譯文生動(dòng)、通順?！业幕卮鹗翘固故幨?，直言不諱的。e.g.Hischildrenwereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.—他的孩子穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒有父母似的。B.運(yùn)用對仗e.g.Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.—以眼還眼，以牙還牙。e.g.Outofsight,outofmind.—眼不見，心不念。C.運(yùn)用四字對偶詞組e.g.greatcontributions豐功偉績gratitude感恩戴德I.PresentationtaskparticularoftheGenevaConvention.2.Watercanbedecomposedby5.Thespaceprobepassedwitheearthsomepicturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.Inthebeginning,SanfordCarterwasatwoandahalfyearsCarterhadbeeninthearmyhehadcometohatecoenormoussandwichinonehand,andabottleofbeerintheothecasualheavythumpoftheservingspoonintohisplate,ortheresentfulconvictionthmarriage,thisrageoverapparentlyharmlessdetailswasnotasignofunbalance.Everysoldierfoundsomeparticularhabitofthearmyspouseimpo4.現(xiàn)在，雷達(dá)是一種常用的東西，利用雷達(dá)可以5.太空探測器在不到六千英里處飛過了火星，并把火星表面的一些照片發(fā)6.約翰是地地道道的英國人(約翰比英國人還象英國人)。7.那家伙壞得不能再壞了(壞透了)。8.書有種種，好壞不一。II.ParagraphTrans和特權(quán)的象征。一想到炊事兵，腦子里就浮現(xiàn)出一個(gè)(腦子里浮現(xiàn)出來的炊事兵形象是個(gè))肥頭大耳的家伙，一手拿一大塊三明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，豬似的肥幫家伙，我可沒那么多閑工夫!(利索點(diǎn)，小子，我可不想整天都耗在這兒!)”跡象，每個(gè)士兵都會(huì)在部隊(duì)這個(gè)配偶(這另一半)身上發(fā)現(xiàn)某種叫人難以忍受的#TitleofLesson:Negating#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40I.AffirmativeinEngle.g.Suchachancewasdenied(to)me.(v.)—我沒有得到這樣一e.g.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.(v.)—第一批炸彈沒有擊e.g.Timeiswhatwewantmost,what,alas,manyuseworst.(ad.)e.g.Theplanisnotfinal.(a.)—這計(jì)劃并不是不可改e.g.Whatyou'vesaidisaboveme.(prep.)相對)—證據(jù)確鑿，不容置疑。careofitself.e.g.Themothergentlye.g.Hitler'sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmetwithworld-wide—他本能地討厭那女人。e.g.Students,withnoexception,aree.g.Suddenlyheheardasoundbehindhim,andrealizedhewasnotalonee.g.InevergopastthehoIII.Affirmative/Negae.g.Ifrichnessneedsgiftswithwhicheveryoneisfpopulation,whichmea—可是你瞧，我們不能兩個(gè)人—你盡可以馬上離開，我才不1.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryattem2.Itwillgenerallybefoundthatthemenwhoarehabituallybehin3.Travelingfivehundredmilesbycarwi4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadme7.Whenwereadwemayvisitthemostbeautifulp8.Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhim.9.Italsoincludesalotof#TitleofLesson:Dividing&Combining#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40e.g.ChairmanMaomighthavespokenwithunderspolicyof“self-reliance”.B.Phrase→Clausee.g.AnotherGulfWarintheregionwouldclearlymaketheinternationale.g.Thecookturnedpalewithfear,andimmediatelyase.g.Shewasborninaverysmalltown.Thetownisie.g.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthispassengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfil—白星公司的郵輪泰坦尼克號在1912年的處女航中因撞上冰山而searchofwork,anywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemstreets.Weforgethowfrequently—忽然他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人露出一種奇怪的表情(臉色異常),兩眼直愣MorenationshavethetechnicalabilitytoproduceadvanaboutthenegotiationsforaLawoftheSeatreaty,whichcamwantedhimshotasaYankeespy,but3.WereceivedthetrophyfromthehandsofthePresidentoftheRepublicofconstantbeatofasambabandmixingwiththemostenthusiasticovatio4.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstinsoaringimaginationand-untiltowardtheend,whendrusuccess,beoverreachedhimself-anamazingcapacity#TitleofLesson:Cohesion#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecohesion(orstrucunityratherthanacasualcombinationofsentences.Inordertoaconsiderationtothecoherenceofthewholetext,fiI.LinkingbylexicalmeansInasmooth,coherentsynonymous,antonymodividedbyHolidayandHassawnintotwokinds:collocation(同現(xiàn)關(guān)系)andreiteration(復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系).ThetranslatormustchoosetheproperwordintranslationA.Collocation(同現(xiàn)關(guān)系)e.g.CaptainWeston,whohadbeenconsidered,especiallybofthebargain,forwhenhiswifedied,afterathre 破了這一串詞匯鏈在語義上的前后聯(lián)系，從而使譯文出現(xiàn)了上下文脫節(jié)的現(xiàn)象。此外，makeamatch這個(gè)說法主要是從一方的角度而言(例如makeagoodmatch應(yīng)理解為“找到好對象”),這與全篇的主語CaptainWeston相呼應(yīng)；而婚姻這個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵往往涉及到夫妻B.Reiteration(復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系)Reiterationmeansthattachievedbyrepeatingacertainword/expressionorusinge.g.Duringalltheyearsofmylife,untilthatmoment,Ihadcarriedthemenacing,thehostilekillingworldwithmeeverywhere.Nomatterw—我活到那么大，可是我無論去什么地方，這個(gè)咄咄逼人、生殺予奪的世界始終糾纏著我。我干什么事，說什么話，轉(zhuǎn)什么念頭，總詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(它、天下),如此處理淡化了world的復(fù)現(xiàn)鏈接，這樣一—活到那么大，無論去什么地方，這個(gè)滿懷惡意、咄咄逼人的世界始終糾纏著我。不管我做什么、說什么、想什么,總得睜著一只眼睛提防這個(gè)世界這個(gè)我剛學(xué)會(huì)說自己的名字就不再信任的II.LinkingbygrammaticalmeansThesentencescanalsobeknittedintoaninsuchascorresponding,omItshouldbenotedthatthetranslatormustalsotakeintocolinguistichabitsofthetargetlanguageinadditiontothecluese.g.IreadhisProgressandPoverty,andwendrawingaredherringacrosscontemptuouslydismissedasanovicewhohadnotreadIpromptlyreadit,andreturnedtoannouncemycompleteconversionbyiImmediatelycontemptchangedtoawe;forHyndman'sdiscipleshadnversionintheBritishMuseumreadingroom,mydailyresort.—我看了他的《進(jìn)步與貧窮》,又去參加海德門的馬克思主義組了喬治開辟的道路。他們輕蔑地駁回了我的意見，Marx'sCapital—it—it—thebook—it,翻譯時(shí)，譯者按照漢語的銜它——這本書——這本書?？梢姡⒄Z中以指代銜接為特征的人稱對—人不能只從講解中學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)聲，也不能光靠看說明而真正體會(huì)出某種滋味來：聲音必須耳聞，顏色必須目見，滋味必須口嘗，氣味必須吸講評：原文為了簡潔，一連省略了三個(gè)must,讀來節(jié)奏緊湊，一氣呵成。譯過，氣味必須聞到過?！盜.Translationofsentenaspiringtofreedomandjustice.2.Historianshavecpunitivelawsdesignedasmuchtoprovidecheaplabo1.WhenSmithwasmorning,withaheadache,hewouldrailattheworldforireason,thefools,hisbrodeathresults,wecallthedeedman-slaughter;whentheassailsocietyplaceshundredsofviolenceasthatbytheswordorbullet;wheninecessariesoflife,plthousandsofvictimsmustperish,andyetpermitstheseconditionstorfthevictimseemsanaturalone,sincetheoffenceismoreonethatofcommission.(Butmurderitremains.)1.他們知道，他們參加的運(yùn)動(dòng)正撼動(dòng)著整個(gè)世界，并把渴望自由和正義的#TitleofLesson:CoherenceWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)Brieflyintroducethemeansofachievingthecoherenceofthetranslatedversion.2)Rearrangementofinformation;#DifficultTeaching2)Transferofintentiondiscourse,whichisoftenrealizedbytheconsistentthemesofcoherence,thereasonablearrangementofinformationandtheperceptionoftheintentionofthediscoI.MarksofCoherence(連貫標(biāo)記)連貫標(biāo)記指借助一些詞匯的手段來幫助語篇恰當(dāng)?shù)剡B成一體，以實(shí)現(xiàn)其e.g.Hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoputtingwhattheyhadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocthescopeofbasictextbooks.然而現(xiàn)在，面對著大量未曾接觸過的英語詞匯和用法，他們卻躊躇起來，面的定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞則均為過去時(shí)態(tài)。整個(gè)去與現(xiàn)在層次明晰，前后意義連貫。由于漢語無法通過動(dòng)詞的屈折來表達(dá)時(shí)IⅡ.Re-arrangementofinformation(信息重組)這和依賴銜接手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)語意連貫的英語語篇有availableeverywherecalcinationoflimestonewidelypresentinnature.譯1:塑料是由無處不在、取之不絕的自然資源——水，通過自動(dòng)化或機(jī)械譯2:塑料由水、煤和石灰制造而成。水是無處不在、取之不盡的自然資源；原文句子主干部分用了三個(gè)并列的介詞賓語，且每個(gè)賓語都另用了一個(gè)定語從句加以修飾，這是英語形合語言中相當(dāng)常見的表述方式。譯文1依葫原文語義上的連貫大打折扣。如果將信息重組一下，先概括主旨，再通過關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)現(xiàn)來銜接語篇，并對各關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行一一分述，整個(gè)譯文的結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)嚴(yán)e.g.Theboysdressedthemselves,hidtcouldclaimtohavedonetocom譯1:兩個(gè)孩子穿上衣服，藏好裝備，離開了樹林，惋惜現(xiàn)在沒有綠林好漢譯2:(兩個(gè))孩子穿上衣服，藏好裝備，懷著悲傷和疑惑的心情離開了(樹譯文1完全照搬了原文的連貫結(jié)構(gòu)，但原文的邏輯層次和脈絡(luò)顯然沒有Basicallyspeaking,thecoherenceofadiscourseliesinthecontinuanceofthemeaning,whichembodiestheintentionorpurposeofthespeamaintainitscoherenceandlogicwithouttheproperunderstandingandtransferof體現(xiàn)。漢譯時(shí)，對原文作者意向性的感知，是保證(DeathofaSalesmanbyArthurMiller)查理(收起牌，朝門口走):好吧!下次我?guī)б桓队形鍙圓的牌來。*(這句話的譯法個(gè)人認(rèn)為與原意不符，不如直譯為“我才不打那種牌查理(轉(zhuǎn)身面對他):你不怕害臊!*(這句話譯為：你也不害臊!/你害不害臊!/你怎么不知道害臊!似威利(朝著他的后影摔上門):沒知識!greatestburstofenergyreleasedonebrokenhisbondsandbroughtanewfiredowntoearth2.Thechessboardistheworld,thepiec3.Britishnewspapers-allofthemsomeofthetime,andstime-behavebadlhurtfullyintopeople'sprivacy;andtheypublishinaccurate,sommade-upstories.Thevictimshav#TitleofLesson:DiscourseTranslation#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40BrieflyintroducetheprocessofdiscoursetranslatiIⅡ.ProceduresofTranslationII.StepsofTranslatione.g.Returning,then,totheconsiderationofthequestion,fromwhichImseemtohavedigressobjectis,notscience,art,profnarroworfantastictype,as,forinstance,thatofe.g.Hehasnoopinion;hejusttakeshiscolorfromthecompanyheisin.(人云亦云)2)Whetherthestylisticformistruly他比(班上其他任何一個(gè)同學(xué))班上的同學(xué)都高e.g.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringB.Impropercollocation搭配不當(dāng)thenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetstheiroldcliché-riddenimageofthatperio...當(dāng)年那種陳腐的舊形象與它們現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況已(對不上號)不可e.g.-Itappearsthatyou'vegottheofferofaverygoodjob.-Awonderfuljob.e.g.HewasabouttoleavewhenhenfPalaceatFourA.M.,isasculpturalconstructionconsistingofTitleofLesson:TranslationofLoanwordsandTrademarksWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)BrieflyintroducethemethodsoftranslatingEnglishloanwordsandtrademarks.2)Translationoftrademarks#DifficultTeaching2)TheprinciplesandmethodsoftranslatingtrademarThismethodisgenerallywhichhavenoequivalentinChinese,forexample,ncigar雪茄chocolate巧克力Gorge喬治whiskey威士忌model模特Principlesoftransliteration:AvoidwordsthatmayleadtowrongimcommendatoryorderogAvoidusinguncommonwThetranslationoffemalenamesshouldemployfemininewords.Thismethodisavailablewhentranslatingnmeanings,forexample,namesofnewspapers,magazineWhiteHouse白宮horsepower馬力CapeofGoodHope好望角sonar聲納(聲波定位儀)copy拷貝(復(fù)制)C.CombinationofTrane.g.OKXOWCa.m.highE.AdditionofExplanatoryWordAddawordortwotothetransliteration/freetranslationtogiinformationoftheobject,esp.ofitskind.cocktail雞尾酒III.TranslationofTrademarks(商標(biāo)的翻譯)大家所熟悉的美國運(yùn)動(dòng)系列商品Nike。讀音為['naiki:],本意是希臘A.SkillsoftranslatingtrademarksChinesetrademarksaretraditionallycomposedoftwoorthreewords.Therefore,someunimportantsoundsareoftenomitUseotherwordstoshowthecommodity'sproe.g.Colgate,Safeguard,Dove,Pa**Principlesoftransliteration:Ford福特Motorola摩托羅拉Xrox施樂Malboro萬寶路