話題閱讀03航天航空-2022年中考英語閱讀理解

備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語話題閱讀專項訓(xùn)練專題04航天航空(解析版)¤話題01¤話題01 中國最大，最強大的火箭——長征五號¤話題02 國際空間站的詳細介紹¤話題03 國際空間站的詳細介紹¤話題04 “天問一號”火星探測器¤話題05 宇航員在太空中的日常生活¤話題06 全國第一個火星探測器——祝融¤話題07 美國航天航空局將在2024年把第一位女性航天員送到月球的計劃¤話題08 中國的空間計劃¤話題09 “毅力”號火星車成功登陸火星¤話題10 中國建成自己的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)

Passage1（2020·浙江·瑞安市安陽實驗中學(xué)九年級開學(xué)考試）December27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.The57metertallrocketisthetallestandstrongestrocketinChina.SincetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanothersintheLongMarchrockets,ithasbeennicknamed“Chubby5”,accordingtoChinaDaily.Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.Thispayloadisabout2.5timesgreaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld.OurChinesescientistsarereallyproudofit.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.Inadditiontosendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralprojectsthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket’sbasicskills.ItalsotestedthekeyprojectthatwillbeusedtotaketheChange5probetothemoon,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceCenter.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace.“In2021,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChange’s5probetothemoonandalsosendaspecialprobetoMars,”saidWangXiaojun,theprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.2．WhatisthepayloadoftheLongMarch5?A．It’smorethan2,500kilograms. B．It’sthreetimesgreaterthanothers’.C．It’supto25,000kilograms. D．It’stheweightof16midsizebuses.3．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5launchto________.A．improvethesatellite’sbasicskills B．haveChina’sfifthlunarexpeditionC．sendaspecialprobetothemoon D．sendChina’sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintospace4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowChina’sspacestationwillbebuilt.B．WhentheLongMarch5willbesendtotheMars.C．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture.D．WhythescientistswillsendtheLongMarch5tothemoon.【答案】1．D2．C3．D4．C【分析】這篇短文主要講述了中國最大，最強大的火箭——長征五號。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“China’sbiggestandmostpowerfulrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunchedinHainanonthatday.”可知，它是最大的長征火箭。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Therocketisabletocarrythingsweighingupto25,000kilogramstheweightof16midsizecars,ChinaDailynoted.”可知，高達25000公斤。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20thsatellite,China’slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intospace.”可知，科學(xué)家們利用長征5號將中國最重的自制衛(wèi)星送入太空。故選D。4．段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina’sfifthlunarexpedition,aswellastoplacepartsofChina’sspacestationintospace…”可知，最后一段主要講述了長征5號未來的用途。故選C。Passage2（2021·福建·龍巖市新羅區(qū)教師進修學(xué)校九年級期末）MostpeoplehaveaplacetocallhomeonEarth.Whataboutinouterspace?TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)becameourfirst“home”inspacein2000.Itweleditsfirstcrewthatyear,paving(鋪設(shè))thewayfor20yearsoffutureresearch.“Youjusthavethisimpressionthatwe’reallcitizens(公民)ofnotacountry,butoftheplanet,”formerNASAastronautScottKellytoldNationalGeographicaboutworkinginISS.“We’reallinthisthingcalledhumanity(人類)together.”O(jiān)verthepast20years,theISShasmainlybeenusedasasciencelab,hosting241peoplefrom19countries,accordingtoNASA．Theyhavegoneonspacewalks,doneresearchonhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody,andevengrownplantsinspace.Thestation’sdevelopmenthasalsobenefited(有益于)peopleonEarth.Forexample,thestation’swaterpurification(凈化)technologyhasbeenusedinpoorareastoprovidecleandrinkingwater.Thestationalsohelpstowarnusofnaturaldisasters(災(zāi)難),suchasearthquakes.However,afterbeingourhomeinspaceforover7,000days,thestationisstartingtogetold.Ithasleaked(泄漏)airafewtimes.Scientiststhinkthatthestationcankeepworkinguntil2024.Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntoEarth.ItisbelievedthatEarth’satmosphere(大氣)willburnupmostofthestation.Otherdebris(殘骸)willfallintothePacificOcean.Inthefuture,spacewillbehometomorestationsliketheISS.NASAisbuildingaspacestationthatissmallerthantheISSnearthemoon.Also,Chinawillhaveitsownspacestationupandrunningin2022.5．WhatdoweknowfromwhatScottKellysaid?A．AstronautsseetheISSastheirhome.B．AnyonecangototheISS.C．Allofhumanityhassomethinginmon.D．Astronauts’livesontheISSaredifficult.6．WhathavetheastronautsdonewhileontheISS?a.Goneonspacewalks.b.Learnedhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody.c.Grownplants.d.Providedcleanwaterforpoorareas.e.Stoppedearthquakes.A．a(chǎn)bc B．a(chǎn)bd C．a(chǎn)de D．bde7．Paragraph4explains________.A．whatpeopleontheISShavedoneB．howtheISShashelpedhumansonEarthC．whohasvisitedtheISSovertheyearsD．howpeopleliveontheISS8．WhatwillhappentotheISS?A．ThewholestationwillfallintothePacificOcean.B．ItwillbebroughtbacktoEarth.C．Itwillbeleftinouterspaceforever.D．Itwillburnupinspace.9．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat________.A．buildingaspacestationtakesalongtimeB．itwillbeeasiertogotospaceinthefutureC．ChinawillsendastronautstotheISSD．wewillbuildmorespacestations【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．B9．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，對國際空間站進行了詳細介紹。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youjusthavethisimpressionthatwe’reallcitizensofnotacountry,butoftheplanet…We’reallinthisthingcalledhumanitytogether.”可知，ScottKelly想要表達所有的人類都有共同之處。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyhavegoneonspacewalks,doneresearchonhowspaceaffectsthehumanbody,andevengrownplantsinspace.”可知，他們進行太空行走，研究太空如何影響人體，甚至在太空中種植植物。故選A。7．段落大意題。分析第四段內(nèi)容可知，本段舉例說明國際空間站是如何幫助地球上的人類的，故選B。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntoEarth.”可知，國際空間站將被帶回地球。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，尤其是“Inthefuture,spacewillbehometomorestationsliketheISS.”可知，未來我們將建造更多的空間站，故選D。Passage3（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）Chinesespaceexplorationmadegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostimportanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任務(wù)).TheChang’e5wasChina’sfirstsample(樣本)returnmission.Ittravelledinspacefor23daysandandbroughtback1.7kgoflunarrockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld'sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytopletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Asthecountry’smostdifficultmissionyet,Change’s5markedamajorstepforwardforChina’sspaceexploration.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontentofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescienceandtechnologymuseumtoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”aplanetaryscientistattheChinaUniversityofGeosciencesinWuhansaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChange’5landingareawasverydeliberatelychosen.TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologically(地質(zhì)學(xué)上)youngerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagap(空白)inunderstandingthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演變).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes,butforthepurposeofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperation(合作)inthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadshiproleintheinternationalscientificmunity.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6mean?A．easily B．carefully C．rapidly D．pletely11．Thesamplesfromthemooncanbeusedinmanyways,except________.A．researchinthelaboratories B．sharewithscientistsfromothercountriesC．dobusinesswithforeigncountries D．displayinscienceandtechnologymuseums12．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouttheChang’e5mission?A．Itwastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmission.B．Itmadeacontributiontomankind’sspaceexploration.C．Itwaspletedwiththehelpofsomeothercountries.D．ItslandingareawasnotasgoodastheUSA’sandSoviet’s.13．Whatcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassage?A．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.B．Wearesuretomakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Thenewsamplescouldhelpscientistsunderstandtheearthbetter.D．Thesuccessfuleventmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.【答案】10．B11．C12．B13．D【解析】本文是新聞報道，介紹了嫦娥五號樣本返回任務(wù)及其重要意義。10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagapinunderstandingthemoon’svolcanicactivityandevolution”，可知選擇5號著陸區(qū)域是經(jīng)過慎重論證的；carefully符合語境，故選B。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3/4/7自然段“Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearch…Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescience…Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries”，結(jié)合“Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes”，可知不會用于和外國做生意，故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole”，可知嫦娥五號任務(wù)為人類的太空探索作出了貢獻，故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可推知會鼓勵更多的人學(xué)習(xí)并研究科學(xué)，故選D。Passage4（2021·貴州畢節(jié)·中考真題）TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探測器）.Wheredoesthenameefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天問）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.ThatiswhyTianwenIwasofficiallynamed,whichisquiteculturalandbeautiful.OnJuly14,2020.TianwenIarrivedattheWenchangSpaceLaunchSite（發(fā)射站）inHainanProvince.ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（發(fā)射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（長征5號運載火箭）.IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.TheChina’sMarsrover（火星車）,Zhurongmovedfromislandingplatform（平臺）ontothesurfaceoftheRedPlanetat10:40a.m.onMay15th,2021,startingisexploration（探險旅程）aroundthelandingsite.The240kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.BeforeTianwenI,nocountryhadevertriedtosendanorbiter（運行器）,alanderandaroverinonesingleexpedition（考察）toMars.14．WhichcountryisTianwenIMarsprobefrom?A．China. B．America. C．Canada. D．Japan.15．WhywasthefirstMarsprobeheregiventhename,TianwenI?A．BecauseofabookwrittenbyLiBai. B．BecauseofapoemwrittenbyQuYuan.C．Becauseofafamousscientist. D．Becauseofawellknownengineer.16．WhenwasTianwenIsentintothespace?A．OnJune23,2020. B．OnJune24,2020C．OnJuly23,2020. D．OnJuly24,2020.17．HowlongdidittakeTianwenItotraveltoMars?A．About3months. B．About5months.C．About7months D．About9months.18．WhatdoestheMarsrover,ZhurongsurveyonMars?A．Landformsandgeographysituation. B．Somethingaboutwater,iceandenvironment.C．Otherphysicalfields. D．Alloftheabove.【答案】14．A15．B16．C17．C18．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是中國“天問一號”火星探測器的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，介紹中國在空間技術(shù)發(fā)展上外空探索所取得的成就。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探測器）.”可知，天問一號是中國首個火星探測器，故選A。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wheredoesthenameefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天問）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.”可知，“天問”這個名字來自屈原的長詩《天問》，故選B。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（發(fā)射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（長征5號運載火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12時41分，航天探測器“天問一號”搭載長征五號運載火箭升空。故選C。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.”可知，天問一號花了7個月的時間到達火星。故選C。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The240kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.”可知，它被用來調(diào)查火星的地形、地理狀況，以及水、冰、環(huán)境和其他物理領(lǐng)域。故選D。Passage5（2021·四川眉山·中考真題）Haveyoueverimaginedthelifeinspace?Thefollowingwillshowyoutheastronauts’dailylife.●EatinginspaceIfyougocampingformorethanaweekwithsomefriends,youwillmakesureyouhaveplentyoffoodsandkeepthemproperly.Attheendofyourcampingtrip,youwoulddealwithyourrubbishproperlybeforetheridehome.Astronautsalmostdothesamethingwhentheygotospace.Preparationchangeswiththefoodtype.Somefoodscanbeeatenintheirnaturalforms,suchaschocolatecakesandfruits.Otherfoodsrequireaddingwater,suchascheese.Ofcourse,anovenisprovidedatthespacestationtoheatthefood.Buttherearenofridges,sospacefoodmustbekeptproperly.●SleepinginspaceAfteralongdayatwork,nothingisbetterthanagoodnight’ssleep!Justlikeontheearth,inspaceastronautsgotobedatacertaintime,thengetupandprepareforworkagain.Whengoingtosleep,theyhavetoattachthemselves,sotheydon’tfloat(漂浮)aroundorhittheirbodiesagainstsomething.Theyusuallyusesleepingbagslocatedinsmallcrewcabins(乘員艙).Eachcrewcabinisjustbigenoughforoneperson.Generally,astronautshaveaneighthoursleepeachdaywhentheyfinishtheirtask.●DoingsportsinspaceExerciseisanimportantpartofeveryastronaut’sdailylifetopreventmuscleloss(肌肉萎縮).Usually,astronautsexercisetwohourseveryday.Lifting200poundsontheearthmaybealotofwork.Butliftingthatsameobjectinspacewouldbemucheasier.Thatmeansthethingsforexerciseneedtobespeciallydesigned,soastronautscanreceivetheexerciseneeded.Livinginspaceisnotjustallworkandnoplay.Astronautshavefun,too.Theyliketolookoutthewindowandplaywiththeirfood.Funplaysanimportantroleinthequalityoftheirlife.19．Thewriterstartstoexplaineatinginspaceby________.A．tellingastory B．a(chǎn)skingaquestion C．givinganexample D．paringtwofacts20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attach”inParagraph4mean?A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.21．Itismucheasierforpeople________inspacethanontheearth.A．tofallasleep B．toliftheavythings C．topreventmuscleloss D．toeatcoldfood22．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.【答案】19．C20．A21．B22．C【解析】文章主要介紹了宇航員在太空中的日常生活。19．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“Ifyougocampingformorethanaweekwithsomefriends,youwillmakesureyouhaveplentyoffoodsandkeepthemproperly.”可知作者通過一個例子來解釋在太空吃東西。故選C。20．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“sotheydon’tfloataroundorhittheirbodiesagainstsomething”可知為了不到處漂浮或撞倒東西，睡覺時應(yīng)該把自己系在某些地方，attach意為“系上”。故選A。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lifting200poundsontheearthmaybealotofwork.Butliftingthatsameobjectinspacewouldbemucheasier.”可知人們在太空中舉起重物比在地球上容易得多。故選B。22．推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了宇航員在太空中的日常生活。我們能在報紙的科學(xué)欄讀到這篇文章。故選C。Passage6（2021·重慶·中考真題）Chinahasnamedthenation’sfirstMarsrover（火星車）ZhuRong.Forallofus,ZhuRongisawellsuitedname.InanancientChinesestory,ZhuRonghadthefaceofamanandthebodyofananimal.Hrodeontwodragons.WhenhehadabigfightwithGongGong,thegodofwater,ZhuRongwon.Butafterthefight,thehumanworldcameintopletedarkness.Thenhebroughtfirefromheaven（天國）totheworld.“ZhuRongisregardedastheearliestgodoffireintraditionalChineseculture,”aspaceofficialsaid.“ThefirstMarsroverwasnamedZhuRong.Thenamesymbolizes（象征）lightandhopeforspaceexploration（探索）inourcountry,andmeanstoguidehumanstocontinueexploration.”Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.Inrecentyears,ourcountryhassentuptheworld’sfirstquantumsatellite（量子衛(wèi)星）,andChang’e4hasmadeasoftlandingonthemoon.Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.23．WhatZhuRongbroughtfromheaventotheworldwas________.A．fire B．wars C．water D．a(chǎn)nimals24．ForChina’sspaceexploration,thenameZhuRongsymbolizes________.A．a(chǎn)bigfight B．pletedarkness C．lightandhope D．Chineseculture25．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto“________”.A．theearth B．Mars C．themoon D．thesun26．Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat________.A．ZhuRongisabadpersoninanancientChinesestoryB．ChinahasmadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyC．thewriterisproudofChina’sspacetechnologyD．theofficialdoesn’tlikethenameZhuRong【答案】23．A24．C25．B26．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，向我們介紹全國第一個火星探測器——祝融。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thenhebroughtfirefromheaven（天國）totheworld.”可知，祝融把火從天國帶到人間，故選A。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thenamesymbolizes（象征）lightandhopeforspaceexploration（探索）inourcountry,andmeanstoguidehumanstocontinueexploration.”可知，這個名字象征著我國太空探索的光明和希望，意味著引導(dǎo)人類繼續(xù)探索，故選C。25．推理判斷題。分析“Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.”可知，在去年夏天離開地球后，祝融繞火星飛行了幾個月，并于5月在火星上著陸。此處it指的是“火星”，故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.”可知，我們在太空技術(shù)上取得了巨大進步，不久將開始建設(shè)我們自己的空間站，所以作者為中國的航天技術(shù)感到自豪，故選C。Passage7（2021·江蘇高郵·二模）Inthelastcentury,aseriesofmissionshavebeencarriedouttoexplorethemoon.Amongthem,NASA’sApollo11missionsucceededinlandingthefirsthumansonthemoononJuly20,1969.Yearslater,NASAannounceditsArtemisprogram.NamedaftertheGreekgoddess,theprogramwillsendhumanstothemoonbytheyear2024.Andthistime,themoonwillweleitsfirstfemaleastronaut.Upuntilnow,only12people,allmale,haveeverwalkedonthemoon.“ThelastpersonwalkedontheMoonin1972,MBettina,”NASAmunicationsdirectorsaid.“Nowomanhaseverwalkedonthelunarsurface.”ButtheArtemisprogramwillchangethis.Womenhavebeeninvolvedinspaceprojectsandmadevaluablecontributions.In1963,astronautTereshkovafromtheSovietUnion（蘇聯(lián)）becamethefirstwomantoenterspace.However,theprogresstowardwomen’saccesstospaceprogramshasbeenslow.Astronautshadtobetestpilotswithacertainamountofexperience.Thiswasaproblemasthefieldwascontrolledbymalesatthetime.Infact,thegenderbias（性別歧視）seemedtoexist（存在）intheearlyspaceprograms,TheNewYorkTimesreported.In1962,NASAwrotetoalittlegirlwhowantedtobeanastronaut.Thelettersaid,“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”Womenhaveindeedmadeprogressinthisparticulararea,andhaveadvantagesovertheirmaleworkmates.Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecraft.Also,womenusuallyhavegreateremotionalawarenessandmunicationskillsthatmakethembettersuitedtolongspaceflights.Despitechallenges,womenhaveshownthattheyaremorethancapableofjoiningthatexcellentgroupofmenwhohavegonetothemoon.Andthiswilltrulybearemarkablemomentinhistory.27．WhatisspecialabouttheArtemisprogram?A．ItisnamedaftertheAmericangoddess.B．Itwilltakethefirstfemaleastronauttothemoon.C．Thespacecraftwillstayonthemoonforlongertime.D．Twelveastronautswilljointheprogrambytheyear2024.28．Accordingtothepassage,whatadvantagesdofemaleastronautshave?①Usinglessoxygeninspace.②Takinguplessspaceinspacecraft.③Havingbetterphysicalcharacteristics.④Havingbettermunicationskills.A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④29．FromNASA’slettertothelittlegirl,wecanknowthat________.A．thegenderbiasexistedintheearlyspaceprogramsB．womenwerenotsuitableforthehardflighttrainingC．thelittlegirlwastooyoungtojointhespaceprogramsD．NASAplannedtoemploywomenastronautsinthefuture30．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Thefirstfemaleastronaut B．ThegenderbiasinspaceprogramsC．ThenewNASAmissions D．Thecontributionswomenmakeforspace【答案】27．B28．B29．A30．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹美國航天航空局將在2024年把第一位女性航天員送到月球的計劃，主要介紹了歷史上關(guān)于太空計劃中存在女性性別偏見的情況以及女性在這一領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢。27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Andthistime,themoonwillweleitsfirstfemaleastronaut.”可知，特別之處在于這一次，月球?qū)⒂瓉硎孜慌詈絾T。故選B。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecraft.Also,womenusuallyhavegreateremotionalawarenessandmunicationskillsthatmakethembettersuitedtolongspaceflights.”可知，女性往往體型較小，這意味著她們在小型宇宙飛船中使用的氧氣更少，占用的空間也更??；此外，女性通常有更強的情感意識和溝通技巧，這使她們更適合長途飛行。所以女宇航員的優(yōu)勢在于①②④，故選B。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”可知，由于科學(xué)和飛行訓(xùn)練的程度以及所需要的身體特征，我們目前沒有在太空飛行中雇用婦女的計劃。這是太空計劃中存在的女性性別偏見，故選A。30．最佳標題題。本文介紹美國航天航空局將在2024年把第一位女性航天員送到月球的計劃，主要介紹了歷史上關(guān)于太空計劃中存在女性性別偏見的情況以及女性在這一領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢。選項B“太空項目中的性別偏見”符合主題，故選B。Passage8（2021·廣東·連州市教育局教研室二模）Chinaisplanningtocarryoutmorethan40rocketlaunches(火箭發(fā)射)in2021,thehighestevertotal,asitcontinuestoexpanditsambitionsinspace.TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation,accordingtotheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CAST)’s(中國航天科技集團公司）officialWeChataccount.Before2007,Chinahadnevercarriedoutmorethan10launchesayear.Butsincethenithasrapidgrowth,carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry.“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear,”CASTsaidinJanuary,2021.ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstopletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission,andwillalsocarryoutretrievalmissionsandtestinorbittechnologies,accordingtostatemedia.Thecountry’sfirstmissiontoMarsTianwen1isalsoduetoreachtheRedPlanetinFebruary,andwillaimtolandaroveronthesurface.Thespaceprogrammewillalsocontinuetoworkonspacestationmodulesandprepareforacrewedlunarmission,aswellascontinuingtodeveloptheBeidounavigationsystem,arivaltotheUSGPS,foruseinthecivilianaviationindustry.31．AccordingtoCAST,theplannedlaunchesinclude________.A．theChina’sfirstspacestation B．152rocketsC．thecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation D．thecoremoduleofarocket32．Whatdoestheword“critical”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．簡單的 B．關(guān)鍵的 C．批評的 D．方便的33．Chinahascarriedout152launchesover________.A．thelasttwodecades B．thelastyear C．thelastmonth D．thelastfiveyears34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．ItaimstopletetheconstructionoftheTiangongSpaceStationbytheendof2021.B．Chinahascarriedoutmostlaunchesoverthelastfiveyears.C．Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission.D．Tianwen1isduetoreachMarsinFebruary.35．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．thetripofTianwen1 B．thespaceprogrammeofChinaC．therocketlaunchesofChinaoverthelastyearD．thecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStation【答案】31．C32．B33．D34．A35．B【解析】本文主要介紹了中國的空間計劃。31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation”可知，計劃中的發(fā)射包括中國第一個空間站的核心模塊。故選C。32．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear”可知，中國載人空間站項目將進入關(guān)鍵階段，并將成為全年空間計劃的重中之重，“critical”的意思是“關(guān)鍵的”。故選B。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry”可知，在過去五年中進行了152次發(fā)射。故選D。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstopletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.”可知，計劃明年（2022年）年底完成天宮空間站的建設(shè)，A選項表述有誤。故選A。35．主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了中國的空間計劃。故選B。Passage9（2021·江西宜春·一模）OnFeb18,NASA’sPerseveranceRover(美國航天局“毅力”號火星車)madeahistoriclandingonthesurfaceofMars.ItplannedtoworkonMarsforabouttwoyears.ThisisthefifthroverNASAhassenttoMarsandisfulloffirsts.Itwillbethefirstrovertosearchforsignsofancientlife.Ahelicopter(直升飛機)willflyontheplanetforthefirsttimeaswell.Theroverisalsobetteratsolvingproblemsonitsownthantheroversbefore.Landingaspacecraft(宇宙飛船)onMarsisn’teasy.Ithadtogothroughthe“sevenminutesofterror(驚險七分鐘)”allbyitself,asNASAcallsthelandingprocess.Sinceittakes11minutesforaradiosignaltotravelfromEarthtoMars,NASAcouldn’tcontrolthecraftduringtheprocess.ThespacecrafthitthetopoftheMartianatmosphere(大氣層)movingat12,000milesanhour(19,300kmanhour)andhadtoslowdownto1.7milesanhour(2.7kmanhour)withinsevenminutesbeforelanding.Drag(空氣阻力)thatwascreatedbytheatmospheresloweditdown.Atthesametime,thesurfaceofthecraftheateduptoabout1,300℃.Thishightemperaturecouldmelt(熔化)therover!Butsincethecraft’sheatshield(抗熱涂層)wasabletotakeinmostofthisheat,Perseveranceitselfonlyreachedroomtemperature.Thecraftthenjoinedaparachute(降落傘)andaskycrane(空中吊車)togethertoslowitselfdownforitsfinalclosetoMars.Avideoofthelandingwaslatersharedonline,allowingpeopleallovertheworldtoseetheamazingmomentforthemselves.TheroverevenrecordedaudioonMarsforthefirsttimejustafterlanding,catchingthesoundsofMartianwind.36．WhywasPerseverancesenttoMars?A．Toexperimentwithanewlandingway.B．Totakeahelicoptertotheplanet.C．Tolookforsignsofancientlife.D．TocheckonNASA’sroversbefore.37．WhatdoyouthinkoftravelingthroughtheMartianatmosphereaccordingtothepassage?A．fortable. B．Dangerous. C．Simple. D．Slow.38．WhatdoesParagraph5ma