專題07重點語法知識梳理一冠詞數(shù)詞及專練100題（原卷版）-2021-2022學(xué)年八年級英語上學(xué)期期末考點大串講（牛津上海版）

專題07重點語法知識梳理一：冠詞、數(shù)詞及專練100題Grammar1：冠詞冠詞一、冠詞概述1．冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。2．冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種：不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，通常帶有“一”、“某一”、“一種”的含義；定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。二、a和an的區(qū)別1．不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropean（歐洲的）country;anhour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella三、不定冠詞的用法1.不定冠詞用來表示“一”這個數(shù)量，意思和one差不多：

例如：a.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建成的。

b.Hewillbebackinadayortwo.他將在一至兩天內(nèi)返回。說明：這種用法在表示重量、長度、時間等的詞組中特別普遍。例如：apairofsocks,ahundred,twoyuan,ameter,eighthoursaday,twiceaweek,acupoftea.泛指某一類人、事或物，這是不定冠詞的基本用法。例如：Agrammarbookisnecessarytoalanguagelearner.對語言學(xué)習(xí)者來說，語法書是很必要的。Ahouseisausefulanimal.泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。例如，Amanislookingforyou.表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every例如，Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天課。用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已經(jīng)有三本書，我想買第四本。用在某些固定詞組中：alot(of)許多，大量；afterawhile過一會兒；havearest（休息）；havealook（瞧瞧）；haveagoodtime（過得開心）；takeashower（淋?。?；takeabreak（休息）；takeabath（洗澡）；getacold（患感冒）；getafever（發(fā)燒）；makealiving（謀生）；inamoment（過一會兒）；四、定冠詞的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。例如，Theblueshirtismine.藍襯衫是我的。Wherearetheotherstudents?其他學(xué)生在哪兒？指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthewindow,please.請打開窗戶。指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如：Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一輛小汽車，它是紅色的。指世界上獨一無二的事物。例如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一個大，太陽還是地球？用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前。例如：Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一課是這本書最簡單的一課。用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如，theUnitedStates美國用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人。例如:thepoor窮人,theblind盲人用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如：theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻倆用在方位詞前。例如:ontheleft在左邊，inthemiddleof在中間用在樂器名稱前。例如：Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天彈鋼琴。用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前。例如：theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver長江用在某些固定詞組中：allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同時；bytheway順便說；dotheshopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在戶外，在野外五、零冠詞的用法1.在專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如，Tian’anMenSquare天安門廣場，2.可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞(my，your，his，her等)、指示代詞(this/these，that/those)、不定代詞(some，any等)及所有格限制時。例如mybook(正)；mythebook(誤)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如：a.Theyareteachers.他們是老師。b.Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜歡吃肉4.在星期，月份，季節(jié)，節(jié)日前:例如：onSunday在周日，inMarch在三月，inspring在春天，onWomen’sDay在婦女節(jié)(特例：如果月份，季節(jié)等被一個限定性定語修飾時，則要加定冠詞：HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季參軍。)5.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：Tom湯姆，Mum媽媽6.在學(xué)科名稱，三餐飯和球類運動名稱前。例如：Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個球時，其前可以用冠詞：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類運動”)在表特定的公園，街道，車站，橋，學(xué)校等之前。例如：No.25MiddleSchool某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1)與by連用的交通工具名稱前：bybus乘公共汽車；bycar乘汽車；bybike騎/坐自行車；bytrain乘火車；byair/plane乘飛機；bysea/ship乘船，但takeabus，inaboat，onthebike前需用冠詞(2)名詞詞組：dayandnight日日夜夜；brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour時時刻刻；hereandthere到處(3)介詞詞組：athome在家；insurprise驚奇地；atnoon在中午;onfoot步行；atnight在晚上；onduty值日；atwork在工作；ontime準時；forexample例如；inclass在上課；onshow展覽；inbed在床上(4)go短語：gohome回家；gotobed上床睡覺；gotoschool去上學(xué)；gotowork去上班；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚六、用與不用冠詞的差異1.inhospital住院/inthehospital在醫(yī)院里2.infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(內(nèi)部的)前面3.takeplace發(fā)生/taketheplace(of)代替4.gotoschool上學(xué)/gototheschool到學(xué)校去5.nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年6.ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家(一人)/ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家(兩人)【活學(xué)活用1】一、單項選擇1．—Wow!Thecaptionis________bestfilmIhaveeverseen.—Ican’tagreemore.Ihaveneverseen________betteronebefore.A．the;the B．the;a C．a(chǎn);a D．/;the2．—Anna,whatdidyoubuyforyourself?—Nothing,butIboughtmyfriend________umbrella.Andhethoughtitwas________usefulgift.A．a(chǎn)n;an B．a(chǎn);a C．a(chǎn)n;a D．a(chǎn);an3．—What______honestboy!—Yes,andheis_______beststudentinourclass.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．the;a C．a(chǎn);the D．a(chǎn);a4．__________excellentjourneyitwastotakeaboattripontheRiverSeinelastsummerholiday!A．Whatan B．Whata C．Howan D．How5．Tomhas________honestface,and,infact,henevertellslies.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．不填6．Don’tforgettotake________umbrellawithyoubecauseit’srainingoutside.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．a(chǎn)n D．/7．Myfavouritehobbyis________.A．playchess B．playthechess C．playingchess D．playingthechess8．Don’tshoutathim.Heisonly________boy.A．a(chǎn)neightyearold B．a(chǎn)eightyearold C．a(chǎn)eightyearsold D．a(chǎn)neightyearsold.9．LeonardodaVinciisagreatpainterand________inventor.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/10．Playing_______soccercanhelppreventusfromhaving_______flu.A．the;a B．/;the C．/;a11．Theglueis________usefultoolwhenwestickpaperonthewall.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the D．/12．ElonMusk,thefounder(創(chuàng)立者)ofthepanySpaceX,is________unusualperson.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/13．Ireceived________invitationyesterday,butnowIcan’tfind________invitationanywhere.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn);the C．/;the D．the;/14．—ChineseNationGeographyissuch________usefulmagazineforstudents.—Yes.Ibuyiteveryweek.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．/ D．the15．—Whois________boyunderthetree?—Whichone?Theonewith________umbrella?A．a(chǎn);a B．the;a C．a(chǎn);an D．the;an16．Ihave________badcoldandhavetostayin________bedfortwodays.A．the;/ B．a(chǎn);the C．the;the D．a(chǎn);/17．MyfriendTomisalways________honestboy.That’swhyhehassomanygoodfriends.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/18．Jillis________18yearoldstudent.Heisstudyingmedicinein________universityinBeijing.A．a(chǎn);an B．a(chǎn)n;an C．a(chǎn)n;the D．a(chǎn)n;a19．—DoesJanehave________flu?—Yes,shedoes.SoIthinktodayis________unusualdayforher.A．a(chǎn);a B．the;an C．a(chǎn);an20．—ThefilmMyPeople,MyHomelandis,Ihavetosay,verywonderful.—Yes.It’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a(chǎn);an B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a D．a(chǎn);the21．—Wheredidyougoon________vacation?—IwenttoNewYorkCity.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．/22．Thereis________armytraininghardinTibettofightforourcountry.A．the B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n23．Johnis________honeststudent.Alltheteachersandclassmateslike________boy.A．a(chǎn)n;a B．a(chǎn);the C．a(chǎn)n;the D．a(chǎn);a24．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore?—It’s__________bestsongI’veeverheard,andthesingerhas__________beautifulvoice.A．a(chǎn);/ B．the;a C．a(chǎn);a D．the;/25．Susan,________universitystudentfromEurope,is________honestgirl.A．a(chǎn)n;a B．a(chǎn)n;/ C．a(chǎn);an D．the;/26．—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieTheBattleofChosin（《長津湖》）?—Oh,Ilikeit.Idon’tthinkIwillsee________one.A．thebetter B．a(chǎn)better C．a(chǎn)best D．thebest27．Tomhas________honestface,andhenever________abadwordaboutanyone.A．the,tells B．a(chǎn),speaks C．a(chǎn)n,says D．a(chǎn)n,tells28．—IthinkEnglishis________unimportantsubject.—Idon’tthinkso.Itis________usefultoolwhenwetalkwithforeigners.A．a(chǎn),an B．a(chǎn)n,a C．a(chǎn),a D．a(chǎn)n,an29．Mycousinisonly________8yearoldboy,butIbelievehimbecauseheis________honestchild.A．a(chǎn),a B．a(chǎn)n,a C．a(chǎn),an D．a(chǎn)n,an30．—Annaiswatching________actionmovie.—Yes,________movieisveryexciting.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a D．the;an31．—ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin(長津湖)is,Ihavetosay,notalittlewonderful.—Yes.It’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a(chǎn);an B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a D．a(chǎn);the32．Thephotosmademethinkof________triptoHangzhoulastyear.Myfamilyreallyhad________greatfunthere.A．a(chǎn);a B．a(chǎn);/ C．the;the D．the;/33．Ithink“TheBattleatLakeChangjin”is________excellentfilm.Itisoneof________mostexcitingfilmsthisyear.A．a(chǎn),the B．the,a C．the,/ D．a(chǎn)n,the34．Thiswillbe________educationalandenjoyabletrip.eandjoinus.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．/ D．the35．—ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin,Imustsay,isreallywonderful.—Yes.It’s_________excellentfilmandIneversee__________greaterone.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn);a D．a(chǎn)n,a36．—ThefilmTheBattleatChangjinLake(長津湖)is,Ihavetosay,reallywonderful.—Yes,it’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a(chǎn);an B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a D．a(chǎn);the37．MysisterteachesEnglishat________university.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．/38．Theboystartedtoplay_______chessattheageofsix.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．不填39．—Whataclearblueskyitis!—Yes.Ihaveneverseen___________sky.A．a(chǎn)morebeautiful B．a(chǎn)mostbeautiful C．themorebeautiful D．themostbeautiful40．Thissummer,wereallyhad________enjoyablevacationin________countryside.A．a(chǎn);an B．/;the C．the;/ D．a(chǎn)n;the41．It’sraininghard.Bring________umbrellawithyou.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/42．—Didyousee________movieMulan?—Yes,it’s________excitingactionmovie.A．a(chǎn),an B．the,the C．the,an43．What_______honestgirlMillieis!That’swhysheis_______mostpopularstudentinherclass.A．a(chǎn)n;/ B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn);the D．a(chǎn);/44．Ihave________umbrella,________umbrellaisblackandwhite.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn)n;an C．a(chǎn);the D．the;the45．Wehad________discussionaboutTVshowsinclass.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．\ D．a(chǎn)ny46．—Lookatthetallboyoverthere.He’s________winneroftheschoolsciencepetition.—Oh,hemustbe________creativeboy.A．the;an B．the;a C．a(chǎn);the D．a(chǎn)n;a47．—Whois________bestbasketballplayerinyourschool?—Jimis.Heplays________basketballverywell.A．a(chǎn)；/ B．the；/ C．a(chǎn)；the D．the；the48．Jennyis________honestandclevergirl.Ithinknobodyintheclasshas________higherIQ.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn)n;a C．the;a D．the;the49．Millieisreallysmart.Infact,Idon’tbelieveanybodyinhergrouphas________IQ.A．a(chǎn)higher B．thehighest C．thehigher D．a(chǎn)high50．Thecityison________RiverThamesandhas________populationofabout7,500,000.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn);an C．the;an D．the;aGrammar2：數(shù)詞數(shù)詞英語的數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩大類。基數(shù)詞表示的是人或事物的個數(shù)，而序數(shù)詞表示的是這些數(shù)目的順序。一、基數(shù)詞1.表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞，下面是最常用的基數(shù)詞1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100one(a)hundred百1000one(a)thousand千10000tenthousand萬100000one(a)hundredthousand十萬1000000one(a)million百萬2.在2199之間的非整十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞要在十位和個位之間加連字符“”23：twentythree3.三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞要在百位和十位（若無十位則和各位）之間加and。364：threehundredandsixtyfour906:ninehundredandsix1,000以上的數(shù)字，從后向前，每三位加一個逗號“，”依次為thousand,million,billion,然后每一小段按百位、十位、各位的順序依次表示。478，650，542：fourhundredandseventyeightmillion,sixhundredandfiftythousand,fivehundredandfortytwo.5.hundred,thousand,million等詞前有具體數(shù)詞修飾時，要用單數(shù)。后面與of短語連用時，則要用復(fù)數(shù)。且前面不再加具體數(shù)目，但可用several等詞修飾。fivethousandstudents五千名學(xué)生twomillionpeople兩百萬人undredsofpeople成百上千的人severalthousandsofvisitors上千的旅客6.表達“幾個半”用“基數(shù)詞+and+ahalf+名詞”或“基數(shù)詞+名詞+and+ahalf”。Twoandahalfmonths/twomonthsandahalf兩個半月7.表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”。inthe1870s(1870's)在19世紀70年代inhertwenties在她二十多歲時8.“基數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語時，兩者間要加連字符號，名詞用單數(shù)形式。athreeweekholiday3周的假期9.門牌號、號碼及郵政編碼等用基數(shù)詞。Myphonenumberis3980665.我的號碼是3980665。（讀作threenineeightzerosixsix/doublesixfive.)10.年、月、日和時間的表達法（1）年份用基數(shù)詞表達，分兩位一讀，介詞要使用in。例如：1999nineteenninetynine2000twothousand2001twothousandandone（2）月份的第一個字母要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式,介詞要使用in。例如：一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月（Apr.）,五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)。（3）日期的表達要用序數(shù)詞，讀時前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。例如：在6月1日：onJune1st讀作：onJunethefirst.年、月、日同時表達時，一般應(yīng)先寫月、日、后寫年。如：在2001年5月4日：onMay4th,2001。（4）時間表達法：時間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達,介詞要使用at。例如：5：00five(o’clock)6：18sixeighteen或eighteenpastsix12：15twelvefifteen或fifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve4：30fourthirty或halfpastfour6：45sixfortyfiveaquartertoseven【注意】1.表示整點時間，直接用基數(shù)詞表達，后邊可接o’clock(也可不加)。表達“幾點幾分”時，絕不能用o’clock。2.表達“15分”或“45分”時，常用quarter（刻）。3.在倒讀法中，如果鐘點不過半，須用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)”的形式；如果鐘點過半，則用half，則用“差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點（下個鐘點數(shù)）”的形式。【活學(xué)活用2】一、單項選擇1．________ofthestudents________girlsinourclass.A．Twentypercents;is B．Twentypercents;areC．Twentypercent;is D．Twentypercent;are2．Several________peopleusethiskindofpenallovertheworldeveryday.A．millionsof B．millionof C．million D．millions3．MyclassmateShawnMendesisonlyoneandahalf________tall.A．meter B．meters C．centimeter D．centimeters4．Mysisteris___________thanI.A．threekilosheavier B．threekilosheavy C．heavierthreekilos D．heavythreekilos5．It’s9:45,wecanalsosay________.A．ninefortyfive B．threequarterspastnine C．a(chǎn)quartertoten D．AandC6．Thedoctorworkedfor________after11o’clock.A．a(chǎn)nothertwohours B．a(chǎn)nothertwohour C．twoanotherhour D．moretwohours7．Hewasborn________.A．in1930s B．inthe1930s C．inthe1930 D．onthe1930s8．________peoplecelebratedtheDanuFestivalonJuly2nd,2016.It’sthebiggesttraditionalfestivalforYaopeople.A．Hundredof B．Hundred C．Hundredsof D．Hundreds9．It’ssaidthatpeoplethrow_______plastic(塑料)bagsalongthisstreeteveryday.A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundredof D．hundredsof10．—Pleasegiveme________ofpaper.Ineedtocopysomething.—OK.Hereyouare.A．othertwentypieces B．twentyanotherpieces C．a(chǎn)nothertwentypieces D．moretwentypieces11．—Therobotsonshowyesterdaywerein________shapes.—Wow,itwasfantastic.A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundredof D．hundredsof12．________peoplewenttovisitthePalaceMuseumyesterday.A．Hundred B．Hundreds C．Hundredof D．Hundredsof13．—Therearen’tenoughchairs.Wouldyouplease________oneshere?—OK.A．tobringanotherthree B．bringmorethreeC．totakethreemore D．bringthreemore14．Thedoctorsworkedfor________.Theyweretired.A．a(chǎn)nothertwohour B．twoanotherhours C．twomorehours D．moretwohour