大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程(上冊)-筆記

大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程(上冊)筆記The10thlectureofCollegeEnglishone?Unit8TextB:WhatpeopleDon’tKnowaboutAir?Weallknowthatwithoutair,wecouldn’tlive.It’slikefishcouldn’tlivewithoutwater.Butdoyouknowifthereweren’tair,wewouldhavenosound,nowindorclouds?Soifyouareinterestedallofthese,pleasereadthetextverycarefully.?A.Newwords:?1.obvious:adj明顯的，obviously:adv?2.shelter:n/v掩蔽、庇護(hù)；shelterfromsth?3.atmosphere：n大氣；atmospheric:adj大氣的?4.electrical:adj電的、電氣的；electricity:n電；electrician:n電工?5.existence:n存在；exist:v存在?6.lightening:n閃電，thunder:打雷；?7.unending:adj不盡的、不停的；ending?8.atomic:adj原子的，atom:n原子?9.explosion:n爆炸、爆發(fā)；explode:v爆炸；explosive:n炸藥、adj爆炸性的?B.Grammarpoint:SubjunctiveMood(2)?第一講中介紹過在非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣的主要用法，難點(diǎn)在于句子的時(shí)態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。即：現(xiàn)在時(shí)→過去時(shí)；過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)；將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)；在今天這講中將繼續(xù)將它在一些從句中的用法介紹給大家。?1在賓語從句中的用法：?1.在suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command等含有希望、*）句型：主語+should(省略)+動詞原形?a.Isuggestthatwe(should)doitatonce.?b.Iinsistthathe(should)giveupsmoking.?2.在wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而其時(shí)態(tài)的用法與非真?a.IwishIwereyou.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望)?b.IwishIhadlearnedmore.(與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望)?c.IwishIwouldhaveanotherchance.(與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望)?注意區(qū)分：wish+從句：表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，必須用虛擬語氣；而hope+從句：表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語氣。?a.Hehopeswe’llgotherewithhim.?b.Hewisheswewouldgotherewithhim.?3.在wouldrather后的從句中.句型：主語+wouldrather+從句（用一般過去時(shí)）?Iwouldratheryoustayedathome.?2.在主語從句中的用法。?在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中，謂語必須用虛擬語氣。見課本p542?？荚嚨目键c(diǎn)時(shí)should的省略。?3.在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法。?當(dāng)賓語從句中那些使用虛擬語氣的動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)在表語從句和同位語從句中時(shí)，必須用虛擬語氣。即，suggestion,order,insistence,demand,requestetc.?a.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)tryagain.(表語從句)?b.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)tryagainisacceptedbythem.（同位語從句）?4.在定語從句中的用法。?Itistime+that+主語+動詞的過去時(shí)。?Itistimethatyouleft.?=Itistomeforyoutoleave.?5.在含蓄條件句中的用法。?有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不是用條件從句表示，而用其它方式表示，稱含蓄條件句。?1.用with,without介詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替條件從句。?Wemighthavediedyouwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.?2.用相當(dāng)于if的其它連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的連詞有：otherwise,inthatcase,onconditionthat,providedthat,butfor,etc.?a.Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.?=Iasverybusylastweek.IfIhadn’tbeenbusy,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.?b.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearly.?=Ifwehadn’tmetthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearly.?6.在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的用法。?有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件句中的謂語動詞不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)可按照需要來調(diào)整各自的時(shí)間。?a.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicethen,youwouldhavebeallrightnow.?主句與從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。?b.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavebeenallrightthen.?主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。?請注意：碰到這種從句要特別注意它的時(shí)間狀語，必須明確給出時(shí)間，否則按同時(shí)發(fā)生使用。?7.虛擬語氣的倒裝與省略。?符合下列條件，可以省略if,并進(jìn)行倒裝。?①必須是非真實(shí)條件句。?②只有當(dāng)從句中出現(xiàn)were,had,should時(shí)，才可省略if，并把這些詞放在主語之前。?a.IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.?=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.?b.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.?=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.?請閱讀課本p539-p545，并完成課后練習(xí)。?看看本文中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣句：?1.Withoutair,wecouldnotexist.?2.Ifwedidn’thaveair,therewouldbenosound.?3.Withoutair,therewouldbenowindorclouds.?C.Importantphrasesinthetext:?1.beimportanttosb(1段1行);2.beforcedtodo(3段3行);3.shelterfrom(3段3行);4.consistof(5段1行);5.restupon(5段4行);6.gaztatsth(6段5行);7.inwonder(6段5行);8.not…until(6段6行);9.largeamountsof(7段3行);10.thesame…as(8段3行);11.learnto(9段1行);12.inthemeantime(9段3行);13.payattentionto(9段4行);14.addto(9段6行);15.inorderto(2段4行);16.protect…from…(3段4行)?D.本文在寫作時(shí)有一個(gè)非常