云南省文山州2024-2025學年高三上學期階段檢測卷（二）英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1云南省文山州2024-2025學年高三上學期階段檢測卷（二）英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanfrom?A.TheUSA.B.Canada.C.Japan.2.Whichdressdoesthemantellthewomantowear?A.Theredone.B.Theblueone.C.Thegreyone.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inastore.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabank.4.Whenwillthenextbuscome?A.At6:35.B.At6:45.C.At7:00.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofmath?A.It’sinteresting.B.It’sconfusing.C.Itmakeshimsmarter.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C.Customerandwaitress.7.HowwillBillandMarygohome?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanwanttodowiththetrousersatfirst?A.Toexchangethem.B.Toreturnthem.C.Torepairthem.9.Whenwillthemangotoaparty?A.OnWednesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Howmanybookscanthemanborrowatatime?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.11.Whatkindofbooksisthemaninterestedin?A.Science.B.Sports.C.History.12.Whenisthelibraryclosed?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whendoesthewomangototherestaurant?A.Intheearlymorning.B.Inthemiddleofthemorning.C.Atnoon.14.Whatdoesthewomanlovemostabouttherestaurant?A.Thequietenvironment.B.Thedeliciousfood.C.Thejazzmusic.15.Whatdoesthemanhaveforlunch?A.Pancakes.B.Fishpie.C.Sausages.16.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisfavoriterestaurant?A.It’snewandclean.B.Thefoodistastyandcheap.C.Afilmstarofteneatsthere.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Wherewillthestudentsgo?A.Atheater.B.Abigpark.C.Azoo.18.Whichofthefollowinghasdisplaysfromdifferentcountries?A.TheJapaneseTeaGarden.B.TheHouseofFlowers.C.ThedeYoungMuseum.19.WhatisintheJapaneseTeaGarden?A.Asmalllake.B.Aconcerthall.C.Anartgallery.20.WhereisGoldenGatePark?A.Inthecountryside.B.Closetothecity.C.Inthemiddleofthecity.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AClubSportsprovidebothacompetitiveandsocialsportingexperiencetoanyPurduestudent.Thereareclubsforallskilllevels,frombeginnertoseasonedexpert.ExploreRecWellclubsbelow.ThePurdueSoftballClubThePurdueSoftballClubisastudent-runorganizationrecognizedbytheNationalClubSoftballAssociation.Asaclubteam,weprovidePurduestudentswiththeopportunitytocontinueplayingsoftballatacompetitivecollegiatelevel.AsNCSAmembers,weparticipateintheGreatAmerican-WestconferenceconsistingoftheUniversityofNotreDame,UniversityofMichigan,EasternMichigan,andLoyola-Chicago.PresidentContact:DanielleOlsenEmail:danielleolson9@ThePurdueGymnasticsClubThePurdueGymnasticsClubisagroupofnormaleverydaystudentswho,likeyourself,wanttostayactivewhileatschool.Wepracticeduringeveninghoursfourtimesaweekduringthefallandspringsemesters.Weownandoperateequipmentfor4women’sand6men’sevents.President:MayaMcDonaldEmail:medon127@ThePurdueTriathlonClubThePurdueTriathlonClub’smissionistogettogetherathleteswhodesiretotrainmulti-sportinasocialenvironmentandpromoteinterestandparticipationintriathlons(鐵人三項),duathlons(鐵人兩項),running,swimmingandcyclingeventsonthePurdueUniversitycampusthatprovideopportunitiesformemberstoparticipateintriathlonsandrelatedathleticactivities.Weencourageandsupportmemberswhiletrainingtogether.Wetraveltoracesinthespringandsummertogetherandhosttworacesduringtheschoolyear.WeendouryearattheCollegiateNationalsinApril.President:PatrickCavanaughEmail:pcavana@ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyballThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyballallowsPurdueundergraduateandgraduatestudentstoplayvolleyballatacompetitive,intercollegiatelevel.Tryoutsareheldatthebeginningofeachsemesterandteamsaredividedbasedonskilllevel.Playerscomefromalloverthecountry,notjustlimitedtotheMidwest.ThefirstandsecondteamstraveltotournamentsacrosstheMidwestandtotheNCVFNationaltournamenteachspring.TheclubisanNCVFandMIVArecognizedprogramandconsistentlyfinishesinthetopcompetitivedivisionsoftheregionandnation.PresidentContact:JosiahRockeyEmail:rockey1@1.Wherecanyouseetheseinformation?A.StudentsTextbooks. B.CampusNetwork.C.NewsWebsite. D.SchoolMagazines.2.WhatmakestheThePurdueGymnasticsClubspecial?A.Itisastudent-runorganization.B.Itisopeneveryotherdaythroughoutthesemester.C.Itoperatesequipmentfor10events.D.Itallowsathletetotraininmultiplesports.3.Whichclubishighlycompetitiveonanationallevel?A.ThePurdueTriathlonClub.B.ThePurdueGymnasticsClub.C.ThePurdueUniversitySoftballclub.D.ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyball.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。本文主要介紹了普渡大學的四個學生運動俱樂部?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“ClubSportsprovidebothacompetitiveandsocialsportingexperiencetoanyPurduestudent.Thereareclubsforallskilllevels,frombeginnertoseasonedexpert.ExploreRecWellclubsbelow.(俱樂部運動為任何普渡大學的學生提供競技和社會運動的經(jīng)驗。這里有適合所有技能水平的俱樂部，從初學者到經(jīng)驗豐富的專家。探索下面的RecWell俱樂部。)”可知，該文章介紹的是普渡大學的俱樂部，同時根據(jù)每個部分的郵件地址可知，該文章來自于校園網(wǎng)。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ThePurdueGymnasticsClub”部分中的“Weownandoperateequipmentfor4women’sand6men’sevents.(我們擁有并運營4個女子項目和6個男子項目的設備。)”可知，該俱樂部管理十項賽事設備。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyball”部分中的“TheclubisanNCVFandMIVArecognizedprogramandconsistentlyfinishesinthetopcompetitivedivisionsoftheregionandnation.(該俱樂部是NCVF和MIVA認可的項目，并一直在該地區(qū)和國家的頂級競技賽區(qū)中完成。)”可知，該俱樂部在全國范圍內(nèi)有很強的競爭力。故選D項。BDuring20yearsofstacking(碼放)shelveswithgoodsathisfamily’ssupermarketinPollencaontheSpanishislandofMallorca,JoseLuis-Reig,knownasPep,nevergaveathoughttotheacademicworld.Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsandpassagesofmainlanduniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamongthebooksandatmosphereoflearning.AfterschoolPephadintendedtodoadegreeinbiologyatBarcelonaUniversitybuthadbeencalledontohelprunthefamilybusinessinstead.Butthequestionof“What’smyroleinlife?“Stillkeptcomingbacktohim.Itwasn’tuntilayearlaterthattheanswersuddenlystruckhim.Whenhewasatschool,otherchildrenwouldcometohimwiththeirproblems.Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.”Pepwasnostrangertochange.Thefamilybusinesshadoriginallybeenasawmill(鋸木廠),butwhenPep,then27,wasaskedifhewantedtotakeover,hedecidedtotransformthemillintothetown’sfirstsupermarket.Onedayintheshop,whattheradiopresentersaidcamebacktohim.Afterrunningtheideapasthisfamily,heappliedtouniversityinPalmatostudypsychologyand,aged46,wasaccepted.“Ihadtogetusedtobeingmucholderthanalltheotherstudents,”hesays.“Infact,Iwasolderthanmyprofessor.ButIbelievedisadvantagescanalwaysbeadvantages.AndIendeduphelpingtheothersbecauseI’dhadmorelifeexperiencethatcarriespsychologicalimpact,whichcouldreflectclassroomtheory.Pepcametopofhisyearandimpressedhistutorssomuchthathewasofferedajobresearchingandteaching,whichhestilldoeswhilestudyingforamaster’sinneuropsychology.Now52,andstillinthejob,headds,“Myonlyregretisnothavingdoneitearlier.4.WhatcanweknowaboutPepinthefirstparagraph?A.Hefeltrelaxedintheacademicatmosphere.B.Hevisitedhisdaughters’universitiesfrequently.C.Hesupportedhisdaughtersbyarrangingshelves.D.Heneverquitthethoughtofgoingtomainlandcolleges.5.WhatwasPep’sanswertothequestionofhisroleinlife?A.Towinareputation. B.Tostudypsychology.C.Totakeoverhisfamilybusiness. D.Tocurechildrenoftheirproblems.6.WhatinspiredPeptoapplytotheuniversityinPalmaat46?A.Hispursuitofabettercareer. B.Theradiopresenter’scomment.C.Hisclassmates’encouragement. D.Theproposalofthefamilymembers.7.WhichqualitymighthavehelpedPepalotintheuniversity?A.Integrity. B.Self-discipline. C.Sensitivity. D.Optimism.〖答案〗4.A5.D6.B7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了經(jīng)營家庭超市20年的Pep在接受電臺采訪時的評論，決定申請去帕爾瑪大學學習心理學，并在46歲被錄取，實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想，并最終得到一份研究和教學的工作?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsandpassagesofmainlanduniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamongthebooksandatmosphereoflearning.(只是在和兩個十幾歲的女兒一起參觀內(nèi)地大學的教室和通道時，他才突然覺得自己在書本和學習氛圍中感到賓至如歸)”可知，在與自己的女兒參觀本地大學時，Pep會有一種賓至如歸的感覺。由此可知，Pep在學術氛圍中感到很輕松。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itwasn’tuntilayearlaterthattheanswersuddenlystruckhim.Whenhewasatschool,otherchildrenwouldcometohimwiththeirproblems.Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.(直到一年后，〖答案〗才突然降臨到他心頭。當他在學校時，其他孩子會帶著他們的問題來找他。他聲名鵲起，因此被邀請到當?shù)仉娕_，采訪者說：“你就像一個年輕的心理學家?！?”可知，Pep在學校的時候，他經(jīng)常幫助學生解決問題，因此而聲名鵲起。由此推知，Pep認為人生角色的〖答案〗是治愈孩子的問題。故選D項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.(他聲名鵲起，因此被邀請到當?shù)仉娕_，采訪者說：“你就像一個年輕的心理學家?！?”以及倒數(shù)第三段中的“Onedayintheshop,whattheradiopresentersaidcamebacktohim.(有一天在商店里，電臺主持人說的話又回到了他腦海中)”可知，在接受電臺采訪時，記者說Pep很像一位年輕的心理學家，Pep想到這句評論后申請讀大學。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ButIbelievedisadvantagescanalwaysbeadvantages.AndIendeduphelpingtheothersbecauseI’dhadmorelifeexperiencethatcarriespsychologicalimpact,whichcouldreflectclassroomtheory.(但我相信缺點可以是優(yōu)勢。我最終幫助了其他人，因為我有更多的生活經(jīng)驗，這些經(jīng)驗會帶來心理影響，這可以反映課堂理論)”可知，Pep進入大學學習時，年齡很大，但是Pep卻把這種劣勢當成優(yōu)勢，可以用自己的生活經(jīng)驗幫助其他人，這些生活經(jīng)驗的作用在課堂理論上得以反映。由此推知，Pep在上學期間的樂觀態(tài)度幫助他很多。故選D項。CCitiesaredifficulttonavigate(導航)atthebestoftimes,butforpeoplewithdisabilitiestheycanbelikecourseswithhurdlesandbringinconveniencetodisabledpeople.AUKnationaltravelsurveyfoundthatadultswithmobilitydifficultiestook39%fewertripsthanthosewithnodisabilityin2017.Yetthatcouldchangeasdevicesandcitiesgrowsmarter.Assistivetechisplayingabigroleinthetransformation.Theglobalvalueoftheindustryisexpectedtoincreasefrom$14billionin2015to$30.8billionin2024,accordingtoZionMarketResearch.OneofthethingsthatcouldtransformlivesisasmartwalkingstickdesignedbyengineersfromYoungGuruAcademy(YGA)inTurkey.TheWeWalkstickhasasensorthatdetectshurdlesabovechestlevelandusesvibrations(振動)towarntheuser.Itcanbepairedwithasmartphonetohelpnavigation,andisconnectedwithavoiceassistantandGoogleMaps.Ceylan,whohasbeenblindsincebirth,saysthatconnectingthesticktotheInternetofThingsandsmartcitysolutionsmakesituser-friendly.“Asablindperson,whenIamattheMetrostationIdon’tknowwhichismyexit...Idon’tknowwhichbusisapproaching...whichstoresarearoundme.ThatkindofinformationcanbeprovidedwiththeWeWalk,”hesays.“Thesmartwalkingstickisreallyanexcitinginitiativethatwillmakeahugedifferencetosomepeople,”saysAnnaLawson,thedirectoroftheCenterforDisabilityStudiesatLeedsUniversityintheUnitedKingdom.“Buttheyareveryexpensive...they’renotgoingtobeavailabletothevastmajorityofdisabledpeople,”sheadded.BryanMatthews,alecturerattheInstituteforTransportStudiesattheUniversityofLeeds,sharestheconcernsaboutcost.Hesaysthereshouldalsobeafocusoninclusivedesign,andanythingthathelpspeoplenavigatetheirenvironmentispositive.8.Whatdoes“that”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Thesurveythatcomparedadults’mobility.B.Thesmartindustrythatisbooming.C.Thefactthatthedisabledtraveledless.D.Therolethattheassistivetechplays.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheworkingprinciplesoftheWeWalkstick.B.TheintroductionoftheWeWalkstickinventors.C.ThetransformationcausedbytheWeWalkstick.D.ThebenefitsbroughtaboutbytheWeWalkstick.10.What’sthepurposeofquotingCeylan?A.Toshowthevalueofsmarttech.B.Tourgemoreattentiontotheblind.C.Toincreasethepotentialmarketshare.D.Toencouragetechresearchanddevelopment.11.WhatisthedisadvantageoftheWeWalkstick?A.Confusinginstructions. B.Poornavigation.C.Inclusivedesigns. D.Highprices.〖答案〗8.C9.A10.A11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章講述殘疾人比正常人旅游次數(shù)少這一現(xiàn)象，并指出如果設備和城市變得更加智能，這一現(xiàn)象將改變。并展示了智能手杖這一設備?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AUKnationaltravelsurveyfoundthatadultswithmobilitydifficultiestook39%fewertripsthanthosewithnodisabilityin2017.Yetthatcouldchangeasdevicesandcitiesgrowsmarter.(英國一項全國旅行調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，2017年，行動不便的成年人比沒有殘疾的成年人旅游次數(shù)少了39%。然而，隨著設備和城市變得更加智能，這種情況可能會改變。)”可知，劃線詞為指示代詞that，通常指代前文的人或物，可推測在本句子指代前文提到的這一事實：行動不便的成年人更少去旅游這一社會現(xiàn)象。故選C項。【9題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段二三句“TheWeWalkstickhasasensorthatdetectshurdlesabovechestlevelandusesvibrations(振動)towarntheuser.Itcanbepairedwithasmartphonetohelpnavigation,andisconnectedwithavoiceassistantandGoogleMaps.(WeWalk手杖有一個傳感器，可以檢測胸部以上的障礙物，并使用振動來警告用戶。它可以與智能手機配對以幫助導航，并與語音助手和谷歌地圖連接。)”可知，本段主要介紹了這種手杖的工作原理。故選A項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Ceylan,whohasbeenblindsincebirth,saysthatconnectingthesticktotheInternetofThingsandsmartcitysolutionsmakesituser-friendly.(Ceylan自出生以來就一直失明，他表示，將手杖連接到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和智能城市解決方案，使其易于使用。)”可知，Ceylan認為對他這樣的盲人而言，這種手杖起到了作用，本段引用他說的話““Asablindperson,whenIamattheMetrostationIdon’tknowwhichismyexit...Idon’tknowwhichbusisapproaching...whichstoresarearoundme.ThatkindofinformationcanbeprovidedwiththeWeWalk,”hesays.(“作為一個盲人，當我在地鐵站時，我不知道哪個是我的出口……我不知道哪輛公共汽車來了。我周圍有哪些商店?這類信息可以通過WeWalk提供?！?”也是進一步解釋他在段首提出的智能手杖有價值這一觀點。故選A項?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句““Buttheyareveryexpensive...they’renotgoingtobeavailabletothevastmajorityofdisabledpeople,”sheadded.(她補充道：“但它們非常昂貴…絕大多數(shù)殘疾人都負擔不起?！?”可知，這位專家的話語表明這種手杖的劣勢是價格太貴。故選D項。DPeoplewhogive,livelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybyUniversityofMichiganshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer—notwhethertheyvolunteer—iswhatreallycounts.Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.Butwhatreallymadeadifferencewerepeople’smotivesforvolunteering.Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousreasonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeopleratedreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweretobealive.Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.Thesereasonsincludedvolunteeringbecausetheyenjoyedthesocialcontact,toescapetheirownproblems,ortoexploretheirownstrengths.Konrathsaysthecurrentfindingssuggestitmaybeapoorideatoencouragepeopletovolunteerbecauseit’sgoodforthem.“Volunteeringisincreasinglybeingencouragedinschoolsandorganizations.Somegroupssaythatit’sokaytowantbenefitsforyourself,andencouragepeopletothinkofvolunteeringasanexchangeforpersonalinterests.Somegroupsemphasizethehealthbenefitsreceivedthroughvolunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it’sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectbenefitsforthemselves.Butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifself-benefitbecomesaperson’smainmotive.”12.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyfind?A.Howwevolunteermakessensetoothers. B.Howoftenwevolunteermakesadifference.C.Whetherwevolunteerdecidesourwell-being. D.Whywevolunteerhasanimpactonourhealth.13.Howdidtheresearchersdothestudy?A.Byanalyzingstatistics. B.Byratingvolunteers’performances.C.Bydoinglabexperiments. D.Bygroupingparticipantsrandomly.14.Whichofthefollowingmotiveswillprobablycontributetoalongerlife?A.Todevelopabilities. B.Tomakemorefriends.C.Tohelpthepoorpeople. D.Tosolvepersonalproblems.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Practicalsuggestionsonfurtherstudies. B.Afurtherexplanationofthecurrentfindings.C.Potentialapplicationsoftheresearchmethod. D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchresults.〖答案〗12.D13.A14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本篇文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即人們做志愿的動機影響著人們的健康?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Peoplewhogive,livelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybyUniversityofMichiganshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer—notwhethertheyvolunteer—iswhatreallycounts.(研究表明，樂于奉獻的人壽命更長?，F(xiàn)在，密歇根大學的一項新研究表明，真正重要的是人們?yōu)槭裁匆鲋驹刚撸皇撬麄兪欠褡鲋驹刚?”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?yōu)槭裁醋栽福ㄗ鲋驹刚撸?、而不是是否做志愿者，才是真正重要的東西；第二段“Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.(在這項研究中，康拉斯和他的同事分析了2008年和2012年收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是針對3376人的隨機樣本?？偟膩碚f，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)做過志愿者的人中，只有2.3%的人去世了，而非志愿者的這一比例為4.3%。他們進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者的數(shù)量也很重要——只有1.8%的定期志愿者死亡，而臨時志愿者的死亡率為2.5%)”主要說明了志愿者比不做志愿的活得更長；第三段“Butwhatreallymadeadifferencewerepeople’smotivesforvolunteering.Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousreasonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeopleratedreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweretobealive.Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.Thesereasonsincludedvolunteeringbecausetheyenjoyedthesocialcontact,toescapetheirownproblems,ortoexploretheirownstrengths.(但真正起作用的是人們志愿服務的動機。研究人員讓人們對他們認為的各種志愿活動原因的重要性進行打分，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些認為對有需要的人感到同情等原因越重要的人，他們活下來的可能性就越大。那些認為與個人利益相關的動機更重要的人更有可能死亡，而且和那些根本不做志愿者的人一樣。這些原因包括志愿活動是因為他們喜歡社會接觸，逃避自己的問題，或探索自己的優(yōu)勢)”說明了人們志愿服務的動機影響著死亡率，綜合這三段可知人們?yōu)槭裁醋鲋驹刚呤菍ψ约旱慕】涤杏绊懙?。故選D項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.(在這項研究中，康拉斯和他的同事分析了2008年和2012年收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是針對3376人的隨機樣本?？偟膩碚f，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)做過志愿者的人中，只有2.3%的人去世了，而非志愿者的這一比例為4.3%。他們進一步發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者的數(shù)量也很重要——只有1.8%的定期志愿者死亡，而臨時志愿者的死亡率為2.5%)”提到研究人員分析了2008和2012年針對3376人的相同隨機樣本收集的數(shù)據(jù)，同時這一段也列舉了實驗中的諸多數(shù)據(jù)，比如2.3%、4.3%等等，這就說明研究人員是通過統(tǒng)計分析數(shù)據(jù)來進行這項研究的。故選A項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.(那些認為與個人利益相關的動機更重要的人更有可能死亡，而且和那些根本不做志愿者的人一樣)”可知，如果這個人的志愿服務的動機是為了自己的利益，那么他的死亡率和那些不做志愿的人是一樣的，因此我們應該選擇“為別人利益”的選項，因此C“幫助窮人”符合這一條件。故選C項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Konrathsaysthecurrentfindingssuggestitmaybeapoorideatoencouragepeopletovolunteerbecauseit’sgoodforthem.“Volunteeringisincreasinglybeingencouragedinschoolsandorganizations.Somegroupssaythatit’sokaytowantbenefitsforyourself,andencouragepeopletothinkofvolunteeringasanexchangeforpersonalinterests.Somegroupsemphasizethehealthbenefitsreceivedthroughvolunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it’sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectbenefitsforthemselves.Butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifself-benefitbecomesaperson’smainmotive.”(康拉斯說，目前的研究結果表明，鼓勵人們做志愿者可能不是一個好主意，因為這對他們有好處。“志愿服務在學校和組織中越來越受到鼓勵。一些團體認為，為自己謀取利益是可以的，并鼓勵人們將志愿服務視為個人利益的交換。一些團體強調(diào)通過志愿服務獲得的健康益處?！笨道匮a充說：“當然，志愿者期望自己得到好處是合理的。但如果一個人的主要動機是自我利益，那么志愿服務的潛在健康益處就會大大降低?！?”可知，最后一段主要講對當前發(fā)現(xiàn)的進一步解釋。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Gardeningmaybeoneofthemostrelaxinghobbiesyou’llfind,withtheexcitementofseeingsomethingyouhaveplantedactuallyturnintoaflower.Butifyou’vebeenholdingbackbecauseyoudon’thaveayard,thenyou’remissingoutalot.____16____Containergardeningisthemostobviouswaytoplantwhenyoudon’thaveatonofspace.Ifyoucangetacontainerregardlessofitssize,youcanhaveagarden.____17____Evenasmallpotwithabrightlycoloredflowerorbushygreenplantscangiveyourentrywayapopofcolor.____18____Growclimbingplantsonafenceorthepostsoveryourdoorwaytodecoratethesideofyourhome.Plentyofplantsarehappytogrowupinsteadofout,soyoucanhavesomegreenerywithoutatraditionalgarden.Haveanapartmentortownhouse?Thenconsideroutdoorwindowboxesthatyouaccessfrominside.____19____Andtheygiveyouplentyofoptionstoplantbrightbloomsorfreshherbswithinreach-plustheygiveyourhomesomeaddedappealatthesametime.There’sprobablystilloneroomwhereyouhaven’tthoughtofputtingsomeplants:Yourbathroom.Evenifyoursdoesn’tgetmuchlight,awall-mountedgardencanstillgrowwell____20____Theywillgiveyourbathroomamorenatural,earthyfeel.A.Theserequire,nogroundspaceatall.B.Whenplantsgetenoughsunlight,theygrowbetter.C.Ifyou’rereallyshortofspace,thinkheightinstead.D.Theycanaddsomegreentotheinsideofyourhome.E.Biggerpotsgiveyouspacetogrowseveraldifferentflowers.F.Infact,thereareplentyofeasywaystogetthejoyofgardening.G.Plantsthatdowellinshadyandwetenvironmentsarethebestchoice.〖答案〗16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何進行園藝提出了一些方法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Gardeningmaybeoneofthemostrelaxinghobbiesyou’llfind,withtheexcitementofseeingsomethingyouhaveplantedactuallyturnintoaflower.Butifyou’vebeenholdingbackbecauseyoudon’thaveayard,thenyou’remissingoutalot.(園藝可能是你會發(fā)現(xiàn)的最放松的愛好之一，看到你種的東西實際上變成了一朵花，你會感到興奮。但如果你因為沒有院子而退縮，那么你就錯過了很多)”結合后文主要關于園藝的建議，故F選項“事實上，有很多簡單的方法可以獲得園藝的樂趣”符合語境，故選F。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Containergardeningisthemostobviouswaytoplantwhenyoudon’thaveatonofspace.Ifyoucangetacontainerregardlessofitssize,youcanhaveagarden.(當你沒有足夠的空間時，容器園藝是最明顯的種植方式。如果你能得到一個容器，不管它的大小，你就可以擁有一個花園)”可知，本句主要針對上文提到的容器進行說明。故E選項“更大的花盆給你空間種植幾種不同的花”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Growclimbingplantsonafenceorthepostsoveryourdoorwaytodecoratethesideofyourhome.Plentyofplantsarehappytogrowupinsteadofout,soyoucanhavesomegreenerywithoutatraditionalgarden.(在門口的柵欄或柱子上種植攀緣植物來裝飾你家的一面。很多植物都很樂意向上生長而不是長出來，所以你可以在沒有傳統(tǒng)花園的情況下?lián)碛幸恍┚G色植物)”可知，在門口的柵欄或柱子上種植，即從高度空間來種植。故C選項“如果你真的缺少空間，那就考慮一下高度吧”符合語境，故選C。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Haveanapartmentortownhouse?Thenconsideroutdoorwindowboxesthatyouaccessfrominside.(你有公寓或聯(lián)排別墅嗎？然后考慮從室內(nèi)進入的室外窗框)”可知，上文提到考慮從室內(nèi)進入的室外窗框來種植，本句主要針對這一做法進行說明：不需要地面空間。故A選項“這些根本不需要地面空間”符合語境，故選A。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Evenifyoursdoesn’tgetmuchlight,awall-mountedgardencanstillgrowwell.(即使你的花園沒有足夠的光線，壁掛式花園仍然可以很好地生長)”以及后文“Theywillgiveyourbathroomamorenatural,earthyfeel.(它們會給你的浴室?guī)硪环N更自然、更樸實的感覺)”可知，沒有足夠的光線，可以選擇在陰涼潮濕的環(huán)境中生長良好的植物。故G選項“在陰涼潮濕的環(huán)境中生長良好的植物是最好的選擇”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11-year-old,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.Lastmonth,she_____21_____thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallengeforherinvention.What_____22_____Gitanjali’sworkwasthathercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.“Theideadidn’t_____23_____tomeuntilIsawmyparentstrytodowatertests.Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults,whichweren’tvery_____24_____.”Sherecalls.Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedeffortsand_____25_____foundthatcarbonnanotube(納米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.Gitanjali_____26_____tobuildasmallbluehousingusingthe3-Dprinteratherschoolwithcomputerchipsandabatteryinside.Afreeapp,whichGitanjalidesignedunder_____27_____fromhercomputerscienceteacher,givesinstant_____28_____andsendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.Theprocessofdesigningherprojectwasn’talways_____29_____,though.KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjaliasherteacherinsummer,_______30_______alongtheway.Intheawardceremony,Gitanjalialso_______31_______herparentswithconstantsupportand_______32_______totry“crazyideas”.Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat_______33_______ofwinningthecontest.AccordingtoShafer,who_______34_______Gitanjali,“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve_______35_______issuesthroughscience”.21.A.earnedB.designedC.offeredD.made22.A.exposed B.improved C.defined D.inspired23.A.stick B.belong C.occur D.apply24.A.simple B.reliable C.predictable D.creative25.A.initially B.immediately C.temporarily D.eventually26.A.managed B.promised C.pretended D.happened27.A.observation B.command C.instruction D.control28.A.access B.results C.decisions D.approval29.A.optional B.complete C.continuous D.smooth30.A.changed B.riske