GB/T 18314-2024全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測(cè)量規(guī)范

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標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

《GB/T 18314-2024 全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（GNSS）測(cè)量規(guī)范》相對(duì)于《GB/T 18314-2009 全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）測(cè)量規(guī)范》，主要在以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了調(diào)整和更新：

適用范圍擴(kuò)展：新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從專注于GPS系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展到包括所有全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)，如中國(guó)的北斗、俄羅斯的GLONASS、歐盟的Galileo等，這反映了衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航技術(shù)的全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和多系統(tǒng)兼容互操作的需求。
技術(shù)進(jìn)步吸納：鑒于過(guò)去十幾年中衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入了最新的技術(shù)成果，包括更高級(jí)的信號(hào)處理技術(shù)、多頻多星座觀測(cè)方法以及更精確的誤差修正模型，以提高測(cè)量精度和可靠性。
測(cè)量精度提升：更新了數(shù)據(jù)處理算法和精度評(píng)估方法，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)更高精度的定位服務(wù)，滿足不同行業(yè)對(duì)高精度定位日益增長(zhǎng)的需求，如測(cè)繪、地質(zhì)勘探、工程測(cè)量等領(lǐng)域。
安全與隱私保護(hù)：考慮到現(xiàn)代信息社會(huì)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)安全和用戶隱私的關(guān)注，新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可能包含了關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)加密、傳輸安全及用戶隱私保護(hù)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，確保GNSS應(yīng)用中的信息安全。
術(shù)語(yǔ)與定義更新：隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，相關(guān)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義也有所變化。新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)這些術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了修訂和增補(bǔ)，以反映當(dāng)前的技術(shù)狀況和國(guó)際通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
測(cè)試與驗(yàn)證方法：提供了更詳細(xì)和嚴(yán)格的測(cè)試方法及驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保GNSS設(shè)備和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量控制，有助于提升整個(gè)行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平和互操作能力。
應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域拓展：新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考慮到了GNSS技術(shù)在新興領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，如智能交通系統(tǒng)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、無(wú)人機(jī)導(dǎo)航等，為這些領(lǐng)域提供了測(cè)量規(guī)范指導(dǎo)。

如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請(qǐng)直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

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文檔簡(jiǎn)介

ICS

07.040

CCS

A76

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T18314—2024

代替GB/T18314—2009

全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（GNSS）測(cè)量規(guī)范

Specificationsforsurveyandmeasurementofglobalnavigationsatellitesystem

2024-08-23發(fā)布2025-03-01實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T18314—2024

前言

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Ⅲ

范圍

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規(guī)范性引用文件

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術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

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基本要求

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級(jí)別劃分和測(cè)量精度

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5.1

級(jí)別劃分

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5.2

用途

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5.3

測(cè)量精度

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GNSS網(wǎng)布設(shè)

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6.1

布設(shè)基本要求

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6.2

設(shè)計(jì)要求

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6.3

GNSS點(diǎn)命名

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6.4

技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)

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選點(diǎn)

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7.1

選點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備

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7.2

點(diǎn)位基本要求

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7.3

輔助點(diǎn)與方位點(diǎn)

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7.4

選點(diǎn)作業(yè)

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7.5

選點(diǎn)后上交的資料

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埋石

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8.1

標(biāo)石

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8.2

埋石作業(yè)

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8.3

標(biāo)石外部整飾

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8.4

關(guān)鍵工序的控制

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8.5

埋石后上交的資料

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儀器

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9.1

接收機(jī)選用

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9.2

儀器檢驗(yàn)

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9.3

儀器維護(hù)

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觀測(cè)

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10.1

基本技術(shù)要求

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10.2

觀測(cè)區(qū)的劃分

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10.3

觀測(cè)計(jì)劃

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Ⅰ

GB/T18314—2024

10.4

觀測(cè)前的準(zhǔn)備

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10.5

觀測(cè)作業(yè)的要求

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外業(yè)成果記錄

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11.1

A級(jí)GNSS網(wǎng)外業(yè)成果記錄

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11.2

B、C、D、E級(jí)GNSS網(wǎng)外業(yè)成果記錄

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11.3

觀測(cè)資料整理

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數(shù)據(jù)處理

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12.1

基本要求

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12.2

外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢核

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12.3

基線向量解算

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12.4

A、B級(jí)GNSS網(wǎng)基線處理結(jié)果質(zhì)量檢核

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12.5

重測(cè)和補(bǔ)測(cè)

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12.6

GNSS網(wǎng)平差

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12.7

數(shù)據(jù)處理成果整理和技術(shù)總結(jié)編寫(xiě)

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成果驗(yàn)收與上交資料

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13.1

成果檢查與驗(yàn)收

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13.2

提交資料

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附錄A(資料性)2000國(guó)家大地坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的定義和地球橢球參數(shù)

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附錄B(規(guī)范性)選點(diǎn)與埋石資料及其說(shuō)明

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B.1

點(diǎn)之記

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B.2

GNSS點(diǎn)環(huán)視圖

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B.3

標(biāo)石類(lèi)型圖

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附錄C(規(guī)范性)氣象儀表的主要技術(shù)要求

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C.1

通風(fēng)干濕表的主要技術(shù)要求和使用

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C.2

空盒氣壓表的主要技術(shù)要求和使用

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附錄D(規(guī)范性)測(cè)量手簿記錄及有關(guān)要求

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D.1

測(cè)量手簿

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D.2

測(cè)量手簿記錄內(nèi)容及要求

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D.3

天線高測(cè)定方法及要求

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附錄E(資料性)歸心元素測(cè)定與計(jì)算

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E.1

GNSS三角測(cè)量方法

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E.2

純GNSS方法

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E.3

三角聯(lián)測(cè)方法

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附錄F(規(guī)范性)同步觀測(cè)環(huán)檢核

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Ⅱ

GB/T18314—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T18314—2009《全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）測(cè)量規(guī)范》,與GB/T18314—2009相

比，除結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和編輯性改動(dòng)外，主要技術(shù)變化如下：

a）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱變更為《全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（GNSS）測(cè)量規(guī)范》；

b）增加3條術(shù)語(yǔ)“GNSS網(wǎng)”“獨(dú)立基線”“點(diǎn)觀測(cè)模式”（見(jiàn)3.8、3.10、3.13）；

c）增加了使用多衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)下的共性測(cè)量要求，增加了利用北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展測(cè)量的規(guī)定與描

述（見(jiàn)4.1、10.1.2）；

d）刪除了1980西安坐標(biāo)系及1954年北京坐標(biāo)系的參考橢球基本參數(shù)等要求（見(jiàn)2009年版的4.4，附

錄A）；

e）增加了使用點(diǎn)位中誤差劃分精度等級(jí)的內(nèi)容（見(jiàn)5.3.2）；

f）更改了選點(diǎn)、埋石中的部分技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)（見(jiàn)第7章和第8章，2009年版的第7章和第8章）；

g）增加了基線測(cè)量中誤差的計(jì)算公式（見(jiàn)12.2.5）；

h）更改了技術(shù)總結(jié)編寫(xiě)中的部分技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)（見(jiàn)12.7，2009年版的12.7）；

i）更改了成果驗(yàn)收的部分內(nèi)容（見(jiàn)13.1，2009年版的13.1）；

j）更改了點(diǎn)之記及部分標(biāo)石類(lèi)型的示例（見(jiàn)附錄B，2009年版的附錄B）；

k）更改了歸心元素計(jì)算內(nèi)容，與測(cè)定方法合并（見(jiàn)附錄E，2009年版的附錄E）；

l）增加了同步環(huán)閉合差為0時(shí)的檢核方法（見(jiàn)附錄F）。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中華人民共和國(guó)自然資源部提出。

本文件由全國(guó)地理信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC230）歸口。

本文件起草單位：自然資源部測(cè)繪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所、中國(guó)測(cè)繪科學(xué)研究院、自然資源部第一大地測(cè)量

隊(duì)、自然資源部大地測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理中心、武漢大學(xué)、國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理信息中心、江蘇省測(cè)繪工程院、自然

資源部四川測(cè)繪產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)站、北京市測(cè)繪設(shè)計(jì)研究院。

本文件主要起草人：肖學(xué)年、郭煒信、嚴(yán)競(jìng)新、秘金鐘、程傳錄、馬聰麗、劉站科、姜衛(wèi)平、

陳華、張鵬、張慶蘭、王勇、譚明建、華劼、賈光軍、李森、呂玉霞、安德恭、尹彤、蔣光偉、

谷守周、張慶濤、張建華、張鳳錄。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

—2001年首次發(fā)布為GB/T18314—2001，2009年第一次修訂；

—本次為第二次修訂。

Ⅲ

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引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
GB/T 12897
GB/T 12898
GB/T 17942
GB/T 24356
GB/T 28588
GB/T 35767
GB/T 39616
CH/T 1001
CH/T 1004
CH/T 8016

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