Unit 2 Grammar 構(gòu)詞法-高中英語教學(xué)資料

B1U2ExploringEnglishGrammar:wordformation(構(gòu)詞法)Matchthewordsinboldtothetypesofwordformation.(A1,P22)aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b

…sculptasculpture…cWhenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d

WHOabbreviatingchangingthepartofspeechaddingaprefixorsuffixcombiningtwoormorewordsdcbaabbreviatingchangingthepartofspeechaddingaprefixorsuffixcombiningtwoormorewordsLookformoreexamplesofeachtypeinthereadingpassage.IT,US“it’ssnowing”sculpture,painting,hardly,softly,harmless/harmful,shameless/shameful,invisible,medical,madness,creativitypineapple,hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework,five-year-old,sunshinecommonmethodsofwordformation(常見構(gòu)詞法)1.Abbreviating縮寫定義：用單詞或短語的部分內(nèi)容指代整體。(1)joiningthefirstlettersofeachword(首字母縮寫)ASAP=RIP=WTO=PRC=(2)makingawordshorter(單詞截短)ad=lab=phone=assoonaspossiblerestinpeaceWorldTradeOrganizationPeople’sRepublicofChinaadvertisementlaboratorytelephone

Canyouthinkofmoreexamplesofeachtype?2.Conversion轉(zhuǎn)類法定義：把一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性，詞形不變。Let’stalkaboutit.

Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.Shegavemeaglassofwater.

Youshouldwatertheflowersonceaweek.Sheiswearingablackdress.

Thegirlinblackisverybeautiful.Tomisabraveman.

Healwaysbravesthedifficultiesinlife.v.→n.n.→v.adj.

→

n.adj.→

v.Themeaningcanbeinferred(推斷)!(1)prefixation

前綴法PrefixesMeaningExamplesdis-不disagree,dislike,disableim-,in-不impossible,inexpensiveinter-在……之間；相互international,interpersonalmis-錯誤的mislead,misunderstandpre-在……之前preschool,previewre-再，重新retell,rewrite定義：在詞根(root/base)的基礎(chǔ)上添加前綴(prefix)或后綴(suffix)。前綴常改變意義，后綴常改變詞性。3.Affixation派生法(2)suffixation后綴法SuffixesMeaningExamples-er,-or（做某事）的人

dancer,actor,inventor-ment表示動作、狀態(tài)、結(jié)果arrangement,development-ship表示技能、地位、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)leadership,friendship-tion表示結(jié)果relation,reflection-able表示可……的

washable,comfortable-ful表示有……性質(zhì)的;充滿……的useful,mouthful-ous表示有……特性的dangerous,nervous3.Affixation派生法4.Compounding復(fù)合法定義：把兩個或多個不同的單詞結(jié)合（有時由連詞符“-”連接）。CompoundNouns:

newspaper,haircut,raincoat,bookstore,…CompoundAdjectives:breath-taking,well-known,ice-cold,kind-hearted,cold-blooded,…CompoundVerbs:

overlook,babysit,kickstart(啟動)

,…OtherCompounds:everyone,throughout,…5.Blending拼綴法定義：合并兩個詞的某些部分來構(gòu)成新詞。autocidesitcomtelecastmedicare=automobile+suicide=situation+comedy=television+broadcast=medical+careWordformation:SummaryWordformationAffixation(prefixation&suffixation)CompoundingConversionBlendingAbbreviationthemostproductivemeansofwordformationpenfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementcalmpresentingWTOASAPCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Fillintheblank.Ifsomethingis_________(familiar)toyou,youknowlittleaboutit.Ienjoythe_________(formal)andrelaxedatmospherethere.Educationshouldvaluethe___________(unique)oftheindividual.Readingcan________(rich)yourspirituallife.Sheis_________(physical)strongand_________(mental)sharp.Doctorsandnurseswore__________(protect)clothingduringthepandemic.Havingagedrelativestostayinyourhousecanbe_______(stress).Noamountof_____________(encourage)wouldmakehimjumpintothepool.unfamiliarinformal

uniqueness

enrich

physically

mentally

protective

stressful

encouragement

Figureoutthemeaningbasedonwordformation.YouniverseCellfishNonversationErroristOnlineness

=you+universe極端的自我中心

=cellphone+selfish不顧他人感受一直打電話的自私行為=non-+conversation毫無意義的談話=error+terrorist不停犯錯的人=online+loneliness網(wǎng)絡(luò)孤獨癥airport,transport,portable,import,export,...bookcover,discover,discovery,uncover,recover,coverage,…courageous,encourage,encouraging,encouragement,discourage,discouraging,discouragement,...kindness,kind-hearted,kindly,mankind,unkind,unkindly,unkindness,…nationwide,national,nationality,nationalize,nationalism,