10.復(fù)合句之三定語(yǔ)從句-2022年上海名校高中自主招生英語(yǔ)直通車

第頁(yè)第10講：第10講：復(fù)合句——定語(yǔ)從句11考點(diǎn)歸納、考前鞏固、真題鏈接 考點(diǎn)歸納anyone/those/he+who(主謂一致)關(guān)系代詞:that(人、物),which(物),who(人),whom(人),whose(人、物),as

關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why

先行詞:名詞、代詞

定語(yǔ)從句的解題思路:將先行詞還原anyone/those/he+who(主謂一致)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句: ⑴ 一般情況下，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可用who,whom,which,whose,where,when引導(dǎo)，不用that,why引導(dǎo)，且引導(dǎo)詞不能省略；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的which可指代整個(gè)分句，也可只是前面句子的一部分 ⑵ 特殊情況下只能用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，①先行詞為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物(如Paris)；②定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是主句的整個(gè)或一部分；③特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(如thelargestofwhich)只能用that而非which: ⑴ 先行詞為不定代詞，如Everythingthatweneedishere. ⑵ 先行詞被某些詞修飾，如①all,any,no,little等限定詞；②形容詞最高級(jí)；③序數(shù)詞；④theonly/thevery ⑶ 先行詞既包含人又包含物 ⑷ 主句為wh-開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞為疑問(wèn)代詞 ⑸ 先行詞還原時(shí)為定語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)，如Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.關(guān)系副詞只在定語(yǔ)從句中(狀語(yǔ)從句中成立嗎?)有如下等同關(guān)系:(注意介詞)

where=prep.(e.g.in,on)+which 其先行詞可為place,room,house,etc.

when=prep.(e.g.at,on)+which 其先行詞可為time,day,morning,etc.

why=forwhich 其先行詞只能為reasonprep.+whom/which/whose+(n.)結(jié)構(gòu): 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞補(bǔ)足成分時(shí)，介詞一般前置，此時(shí)只能用whom指人，which指物

e.g. JamesRussellisamanforwhomIhavethegreatestrespect.

但一些固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如takecareof,listento等在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不將介詞與動(dòng)詞拆開(kāi)

e.g. Thisistheoldmanwhomhehasbeentakingcareof.

若介詞后置，可用who/that指人，that指物，間或省去

e.g. Theyaretheboys(who)/(that)Iwenttoschoolwith.

e.g. Doyouknowthemaninwhosehonorapartywasheldyesterday?

e.g. Ibought6books,twoofwhichareforhim.=Ibought6books,andtwoofthemareforhim.

cf. Youmayfindfaultinwhathesaid.

Aturtlediffersfromallotherreptilesinthatithasitsbodyencasedinaprotectiveshell.as的用法，如:thesame…as…/such…as…/asweallknow/Asisknowntoall(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前)等；試比較thesame…that…/such…that…充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞(或that充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))通常可以省略(prep.+關(guān)系代詞時(shí)可省略嗎?)way的用法:Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hespeaks.

注意不能用how引導(dǎo)以theway為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句，如不可說(shuō)*Thatisthewayhowhespoke.但可改說(shuō)Thatishowhespoke.one與theone的用法注意在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，為避免關(guān)系詞所指對(duì)象的歧義，對(duì)關(guān)系詞的選擇必須審慎，如

There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolthatIwantedtosee.

此處的關(guān)系代詞that到底指代的是student還是school不明確，故改用who/whom，指明先行詞為student2雙重定語(yǔ)從句，如She’stheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.

Iknow修飾theonlygirl，而who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾theonlygirlIknow

注意此類定語(yǔ)從句一般只能省略第一個(gè)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞，如

Thebestplay()Shakespearewrote,butwhichIhaven’tread,isprobablyKingLear.2定語(yǔ)從句的“插入”與“割裂”現(xiàn)象，如 IhavegonetotheDisneylandwhichyouknowIhavebeendreamingof.

Gonearethedayswhenwelivedasadlife.比較、注意: a. Tomwonthefirstprize,whichpleasesus.Tomwonthefirstprize,andthispleasesus.

b. IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.

c. That’sthefactthatwehavewonthematch.That’sthefactthat/whichwehavefound.

d. Itwasinthefirstbookshopwhereyouboughtityesterday.(thatIboughtit)

e. Themeetingwhichwillbeheldisimportant.Themeetingtobeheldisimportant.

f. Themeetingwhichisbeingheldisimportant.Themeetingbeingheldisimportant.

g. Themeetingwhichwasheldisimportant.Themeetingheldisimportant.

h. Thewatch(that)Ihadhadrepairedwasoutoforderagainyesterday.

i. Neverletthosewhoaretooweakcarrysuchaheavybox.

j. It’sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.

k. Hespentasmuchashecouldbuyingmeabook.

l. “Thosewhowereabletookadvantageoftheopportunitiesforsuccessandhappinessthat presentedthemselves.”(HalfaDay,byNaguibMahfous)Canyoubreakthelongsentenceinto afewsensegroups(意群)andexplainthemeaningofit? 考前鞏固I. Combinethetwosentencesbyusingrelativeclause(定語(yǔ)從句).Thebeginningsaregiven.eq\o\ac(○,1)Abigtreestandsinfrontofthehouse. eq\o\ac(○,2)Doyourememberthehouse? Doyouremember eq\o\ac(○,1)Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident. eq\o\ac(○,2)Mr.Wangworkedintheboss’sdepartment. Theboss eq\o\ac(○,1)IlearnedmostfromMrs.Brown. eq\o\ac(○,2)TheteacherwasMrs.Brown. Theteacher eq\o\ac(○,1)Ihavegreatrespectformyteacher. eq\o\ac(○,2)Iwonderifyouhavemether. Haveyoumet eq\o\ac(○,1)Yousentmeapresent. eq\o\ac(○,2)Thankyouverymuchforit. Thankyouverymuch eq\o\ac(○,1)Iwassittinginachair. eq\o\ac(○,2)Itsuddenlycollapsed. Thechair eq\o\ac(○,1)Shesaidthatthemenwerethieves. eq\o\ac(○,2)Thisturnedouttobetrue. Shesaid II. Fillintheblanksbyusingthat,which,who,whomor“/(whichmeansnothingisneeded)”.NameALLthepossibleanswers.Thefirstthing__________youmustdoistohaveameal.April1stistheday__________iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.Thefamily__________hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.Thehouse__________weliveinisveryold.Didn’tyouseetheman__________Italkedwithjustnow?III. Fillinarelativewordbestsuitedtothecontext.Songbirdsarebirds_____sing.You’retheonlyperson_____canhelpme.3Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?3Themonumentisall_____remainsoftheancientcity.Thebook_____youarespeakingofisunavailable.Iknowsomeoneelse_____fatherworkshere.Canyousuggestatime_____itwillbeconvenienttomeet?Iknowawood_____youcanfindwildstrawberries.LetABCbeatriangle_____sidesareofunequallength.Wehadameetingthepurposeof_____wascompletelyunclear.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.Theway_____you’redoingitiscompletelycrazy.AnneWhite,from_____youreceivedtheinvitation,livesnextdoortome.Heistheman_____Icollaboratedwithinwritingthebook.Atlas(inGreekmythology)wasakneelingmanon_____shouldertheworldrested.He’sthebestman_____Icanfind_____canmenditwithinanhour.Areyouthelady_____askedforsoap?All_____glittersisnotgold.Inthebattle_____thestreamandtherockcompete,thestreamalwayswins,notthroughstrengthbutbyperseverance.We’vetestedthreehundredtypesofboot,noneof_____iscompletelywaterproof.IV. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1949年是新中國(guó)誕生的一年。(when)他就是我們昨天在報(bào)紙上見(jiàn)到照片的那個(gè)工人。(thevery)她對(duì)他言聽(tīng)計(jì)從。(anything)這位為祖國(guó)獻(xiàn)出生命的小英雄將永遠(yuǎn)活在人們心中。(giveone’slife)為追求時(shí)尚付出高昂代價(jià)的人應(yīng)該盡早改變這種生活方式。(Those)我多想念在老家度過(guò)的日子！(miss)隨著社會(huì)的迅速發(fā)展，許多人都渴望向大眾展示他們自己，從而產(chǎn)生了各種各樣的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)。(result,which)眾所周知，英語(yǔ)是一種廣泛使用的國(guó)際語(yǔ)言。(As)期望過(guò)高和缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是很多畢業(yè)生未能找到理想工作的主要原因。(lackof)那些勇于探索，不畏艱險(xiǎn)的人更有可能取得成功。(likely)V. Choosethebestanswer.Thatisall_____Iwanttosay. A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.whatIsthistheschool_____wearegoingtovisitnextweek? A.theone B.theonethat C.there D.thatIsthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek? A.which B.that C.theone D.oneCanyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____Ineed? A.what B.it C.who D./Isthereanyoneinyourclass_____homeisonthefarm? A.whose B.who’s C.that D.whichTheroom_____isasmallone. A.inthattheylive B.inwhichtheylive C.wheretheylivein D.whichtheyliveThisisoneofthebestfilms_____I’veeverseen. A.that B.which C.why D.what4Thestudentto_____IwastalkingyesterdayisMr.Li’sson.4 A.which B.that C.whom D.whoShetalkedaboutthepeopleandthings_____interestedhergreatlyduringherstayhere. A.which B.that C.who D.whatWhoisthegirl_____issingingtheEnglishsongthere? A.that B.who C.whom D.whoseDoyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet? A.that B.onthat C.where D.whenEverything_____canbedonehasbeendone. A.which B.that C./ D.whatThebooksareforthestudents_____nativelanguageisn’tChinese. A.that B./ C.whose D.whomSheheardaterriblenoise,_____boughtherheartintohermouth. A.it B.which C.this D.thatMyglasses,_____Icouldseenothing,felltothegroundandbroke. A.which B.withwhich C.withoutwhich D.thatYouaretheonlyperson_____coulddoit. A.who B.whom C.which D./Yesterdayhesoldoutallhisstampsat_____hethoughtwasareasonableprice. A.that B.which C.what D.as_____isknowntoeveryone,Londonwillholdthe2012OlympicGames. A.It B.As C.That D.WhatCongFeidiedofcancerinApril,2006,_____madeusindeepsorrow. A.who B.that C.it D.whichNowmoreandmorepeoplebegintoenjoygoldenweeks,_____theycanrelaxortravel. A.onwhichtime B.inthattime C.duringwhichtime D.bywhichtimeTomorrowhewillparticipateinajobinterview_____theinterviewerislikelytoasksomedifficultquestions. A.that B.when C.whom D.whereOnmyfather’sbirthday,Igavehimapresent,_____Ihadspentmyownmoneybuyingforthefirsttime. A.that B.what C.one D.itThepen_____heiswritingismine. A.withwhich B.inwhich C.onwhich D.bywhichIwanttousethesamedictionary_____wasusedyesterday. A.which B.who C.what D.asHeisn’tsuchaman_____heusedtobe. A.who B.whom C.that D.asTheletterisfrommysister,_____isworkinginBeijing. A.which B.that C.whom D.thatYou’retheonlyperson_____I’veevermet_____coulddoit. A.who…/ B./…whom C.whom…/ D./…whoIcanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday_____wespenttogether. A.when…which B.which…when C.what…that D.onwhich…whenTheway_____helooksatproblemsiswrong.5 A.which B.whose C.what D./5Thisisthereason_____hedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.inwhich B.withwhich C.that D.forwhichThismachine,_____formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly. A.afterwhichIhavelooked B.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafter D.IhavelookedafterDuringthedays_____,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns. A.followed B.following C.tofollow D.thatfollowedIs_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek? A.thisschool B.thistheschool C.thisschoolone D.thisschoolwhereWeshouldlearnfromthose_____arealwaysreadytohelpothers. A.who B.whom C.they D.thatI,_____yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout. A.whois B.whoam C.thatis D.whichamThisisthebiggestlab_____wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity. A.which B.what C.that D.whereItisthethirdtime_____latethismonth. A.thatyouarrived B.whenyouarrived C.thatyou’vearrived D.whenyou’vearrivedIsitinthatfactory_____RedFlagcarsaremade? A.inwhich B.where C.that D.inwhichIhaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing. A.as B.that C.which D.thanHemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin. A.that B.as C.it D.what_____isnatural,hemarriedMary. A.It B.What C.Which D.AsThebuses,_____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd. A.mostofthem B.mostofwhich C.whichmost D.thatmostAll_____isneededisasupplyofoil. A.thething B.that C.what D.whichThisisoneofthemeans_____theelectricenergyisconductedfromoneplacetoanother. A.bywhich B.bythat C.throughwhich D.throughthatAbrahamLincolnisaman_____Ihavethegreatestrespect. A.who B.towhom C.whom D.forwhomMayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,_____youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein. A.where B.which C.when D.thatIsthatthelab_____wedidphysicsexperimentsinduringourmiddleschooldays. A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theoneThesebooks_____hereadsomewerewrittenbyLuXun. A.which B.amongwhich C.ofwhich D.withwhichThewatchhe_____wentwrongagain. A.hadtobemended B.hadmended C.hadhadmended D.hadbeenmendedThose_____notonlyfrombooksbutthroughpracticewillsucceed. A.wholearn B.who C.wholearns D.learnTheman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher. A.whom B.which C.who D./6Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.6 A.who B.whom C.which D./Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow. A.what B.which C.as D./Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower. A.that B.where C.which D.thereIsthisthefactory_____youvisitedtheotherday? A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theoneIsthisfactory_____someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday? A.that B.where C.which D.theoneIsthisthefactory_____heworkedtenyearsago? A.that B.where C.which D.theoneMeetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure. A.that B.one C.it D.whenI’moneofthestudents_____wellinEnglishinmyclass. A.whodoes B.whodo C.whohas D.whosehadHeistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea. A.whohave B.whomhave C.whohas D.whosehadTheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein. A.they B.it C.one D.which_____wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight. A.Anyone B.You C.That D.ThoseTosucceed,_____Ineedisyourhelp. A.which B.allthat C.everythingwhat D.onlythatHeisanewcomer,_____atthelibraryjustnow. A.wemet B.whowemeet C.whomwemet D.thatwemetTheyhavethreedaughters,all____aredoctors. A.ofwhom B.ofthem C.ofwhich D.ofthatHaveyoueveraskedhimthereason_____mayexplainhisabsence? A.why B.when C.that D.whatThathouse,thedoors_____arepaintedwhite,ismygrandpa’shouse. A.whose B.which C.ofwhich D.thatMr.Sealhaschangedalot,andmanyofhisfriendssaythatheisnotthesameman_____. A.likehewas B.asheusedtobe C.ashewasusedto D.likewhathewasIntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntil5:30p.m.,_____manypeoplehavegonetime. A.whosetime B.that C.onwhich D.bywhichtimeNotonly_____thecarhe_____beensoldbyhissonforgamblingdebts,butalsohisnewhouse. A./…h(huán)as B.has…h(huán)ad C.has…h(huán)as D.was…h(huán)as 真題鏈接Hetalkedaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool. A.which B.that C.when D.who_____isknowntoall,peopleinSichuanarefondofspicyfood. A.What B.It C.As D.That7Therailwaytunnel,through_____thetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon.7 A.which B.that C.it D.whereThereisnodictionary_____youcanlookupeverything. A.that B.which C.where D.inwhatHewasillyesterday.Thatwasthereason_____hedidnotcometotheparty. A.inwhich B.which C.why D.forthatTherewasatime_____wecouldleaveourbikeshere.Butthatwasalongtimeago. A.that B.when C.whenever D.inwhichThedayofthefirstofJulyin1921wastheone_____theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded. A.that B.which C.where D.whenGonearethedays_____theChineseworkingpeoplelivedapoorlife. A.that B.whenever C.when D.onwhichWhoisthecomrade_____wasoverthere? A.whom B.that C.which D.whoseThereare500studentsinourschool,_____aregirls. A.ofwhomtwothirds B.two-thirdsofthem

C.two-thirdsofthose D.andtwo-thirdsofwhomIwilltellhim_____shetoldmelastmonth. A.allwhat B.allwhich C.thatall D.allthatThisisthebestschool_____Ihavevisitedallmylife. A.where B.which C.when D.thatIsthisthefactory_____computersareproduced? A.that B.inthat C.which D.inwhichIsthismagazine_____youreadlastnight? A.that B.which C.one D.theoneMr.BrownistheonlyoneofthoseAmericanswho_____inChina. A.work B.isworking C.areworking D.haveworkedHe_____doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman. A.what B.who C.which D.asThatwasthereason_____Mikegavemelastweek. A.why B.forwhich C.which D.forthatThatwasthereason_____Mikerefusedtospeakforatthemeeting. A.why B.forwhich C.forwhat D.thatThere’smuch_____remainstobesaid. A.what B.which C.that D./Iusedtoliveinahouse,_____grewabigtree. A.infrontofit B.infrontofwhich C.inthefrontofwhich D.infrontofthereHeisnottheagent_____heusedtobe. A.what B.that C.which D.whereTheway_____Americansshopisdifferentfromours. A.which B.as C.where D.thatTomhastriedhisbest,_____pleasedhismother. A.that B.which C.what D.whoChinahasalotofislands,oneof_____isChongming. A.who B.whom C.that D.whichSuchpeople_____Jimknowshavegivenhimalotofhelp.8 A.as B.like C.that D.whom8Tomysurprise,Tomboughtthesamebike_____Isoldlastweek. A.as B.like C.that D.when_____wasexpected,heplayedtheviolinbeautifully. A.As B.What C.Like D.ThatTheonlyproblem_____troubledmehasalreadybeensolved. A.which B.what C.as D.thatThelastbook_____hehadhopedtobuywassoldout. A.which B.what C.that D.asThetunnel_____Iwenttomyofficewasheldupthismorning. A.inwhich B.acrosswhich C.bywhich D.underwhichThefirstprizewillbegivento_____comesfirst. A.whoever B.aperson C.whenever D.whomeverSusanfailedtheexam,_____madeherparentsdisappointed. A.where B.that C.what D.whichTheexamination_____thestudentsaretestedonthesamequestionsisnottoodifficultforthem. A.that B.which C.where D.whenChooseaperson____youthinkisfittodothejob. A.whom B.who C.whose D.whichCanyourecognizethefamousactressin_____honoracelebrationpartywillbeheldtonight? A.which B.whom C.what D.whose–WheredidyoumeetwithTom?

–Itwasinthemainstreet_____Iwasshopping. A.where B.that C.which D.forwhichThose_____areagainstthesuggestionraiseyourhands,please. A.whom B.which C.what D.whoGreatlytomydisappointment,thecomputerIhad_____wasoutoforderagain. A.repaired B.repairedit C.hadrepairedit D.hadrepairedThatwasthefirsttime_____Ihadseenhim. A.when B.where C.that D.sinceI’veneverreceived_____anicegift_____youpresentedtome. A.thesame…as B.such…as C.as…as D.such…thatYork,_____lastyear,isaniceoldcity. A.thatIvisited B.whichIvisited C.whereIvisited D.inwhichIvisitedIcanthinkofmanycases_____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay. A.why B.which C.as D.whereWearelivinginanage_____manythingsaredoneoncomputer. A.which B.that C.whose D.when_____hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth. A.That B.As C.It D.WhatWewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_____othervisitorsseldomgo. A.what B.which C.where D.whenAlecaskedthepoliceman_____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident. A.withhim B.who C.withwhom D.whomThefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention. A.where B.when C.which D.whoIsthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?9 A.heexplained B.whatheexplained C.howheexplained D.whyheexplained9Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___