Unit 3 Electricity【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級英語下冊單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第頁Unit3Electricity本課重點(diǎn)servanttrickelectricityflowexplanationscratchinvisibleformenergyconnectbury本課難點(diǎn)connectwith和……有聯(lián)系，和……有關(guān)apacketofsweets一包糖果inaway在某種程度上becarefulwith小心caren./v.關(guān)心，在意carefuladj.仔細(xì)的，小心的carefullyadv.仔細(xì)地carefor=takecareof=lookafter關(guān)心，照顧careabout在意常考難點(diǎn)【辨析】containVShold兩個單詞都含“包含，容納”的意思encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵別人做某事more+adj.+than…more十n./phrase十than…考點(diǎn)1.servantn.仆人；傭人e.g.Fireandwatermaybegoodservants,butbadmasters.[諺]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成災(zāi)主。Apoliticianshouldbeaservantofthepeople.政治家應(yīng)當(dāng)是人民的公仆?！局R拓展】servev.服務(wù)，待客e.g.Theyservedtheguestsawonderfuldinner.他們以盛宴招待客人們。servicen.服務(wù)e.g.Thetrainservicetothecapitalisverygood.開往首都的火車服務(wù)設(shè)施非常好?？键c(diǎn)2.trickv.欺騙；坑人e.g.Hertrickedmeintogivinghimthemoney.他哄騙我給了他錢。（常與outof連用）騙走，惡作劇e.g.Hispartnertriedtotrickhimoutofhisshare.他的合伙人企圖騙走他的股份。【知識拓展】trickn.詭計(jì)；騙術(shù)，花招e.g.Icandomagictricks.我會變魔術(shù)。Thechildrenplayedatrickontheirteacher.孩子們捉弄了他們的老師?？键c(diǎn)3.electricityn.電e.g.Thepowerstationsupplieselectricitytothisarea.這個電站供應(yīng)這個區(qū)域的電?！局R拓展】electriciann.電工electricadj.發(fā)電的，由電產(chǎn)生的e.g.anelectriccenerator發(fā)電機(jī)anelectricplug電源插頭anelectriciron電熨斗考點(diǎn)4.flowv.流動e.g.Thecarsflowedinasteadystreamalongthemainroad.汽車在主干道上不停地駛過?！境Ｓ么钆洹縡lowaway流走；流逝flowdown流下flowinto流入e.g.Timeflowsawayquickly.時光飛逝。Waterfallflowsdowntothebottomofthehill.瀑布飛流直下到山腳下。Riversflowintothesea.江河流入海中?？键c(diǎn)5.monthlyadv.每月一次e.g.Amonthlypaperisprintedeverymonth.Wereaditmonthly.月刊是每月印刷的，我們按月讀它。Wepaythetelephonebillmonthly.我們每月付一次電話賬單?！局R拓展】dailyadv.每天一次，每天地weeklyadv.每周一次，每周地yearlyadv.每年一次，每年地考點(diǎn)6.explanationn.解釋；解說；說明e.g.Theonlyexplanationforhisbehaviouristhathe'smad.對他的行為的唯一解釋就是他瘋了?！局R拓展】explainv.解釋；說明e.g.Canyouexplainwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你為什么遲到嗎？考點(diǎn)7.scratchv.搔；撓e.g.Hescratchedtheinsectbiteonhislegwithhisnails.他用指甲撓他腿上蟲咬的地方。（常與out，off，through連用）刮掉，削去；擦去：刪掉；劃掉e.g.Hernamehadbeenscratchedoutofthelist.她的名字已從名單上劃掉了。Couldyouhelpmescratchtherustoffthewheel?你能幫我把輪子上的銹刮掉嗎？考點(diǎn)8.invisibleadj.看不見的；無形的e.g.Airisinvisrble,butwecanfeelitwhenitmoves.空氣是看不見的，但是當(dāng)它移動的時候我們能感受到。【知識拓展】visibleadj.看得見的；明顯的；顯著的visionn.視力e.g.Airisn'tavisibleobject.空氣不是可見物體。Shehasgoodvision.她的視力很好?？键c(diǎn)9.formn.形狀；形式e.g.Heseemstodislikeanyformofexercise.他好像討厭任何方式的運(yùn)動?！局R拓展】formn.方式；制度e.g.Differentcountrieshavedifferentformsofgovernment.不同的國家有不同的政治制度。考點(diǎn)10.energyn.能量e.g.Youngpeopleusuallyhavemoreenergythantheold.年輕人通常比老年人有活力。EachyearAmericansuseahighpercentageoftheworld'senergy.每年美國人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高?！局R拓展】energeticadj.精力充沛的e.g.Heisanenergeticchild.他是個精力旺盛的孩子?？键c(diǎn)11.politelyadv.客氣地，斯文地e.g.Youshouldserveourguestspohiely.你必須有禮貌地服務(wù)我們的客人。Tomofferedmeacigarette.Irefusedpolitely.湯姆給我一支煙，我禮貌地拒絕了?！局R拓展】politeadj.有禮貌的；斯文的politenessn.有禮，優(yōu)雅e.g.Itwasn'tverypoliteofyoutoserveyourselfwithoutasking.你也不問一聲就自己吃起來是不太禮貌的。考點(diǎn)12.grinv.露齒笑，咧嘴笑e.g.Therewasagrinonhisfacewhenheopenedhisbirthdaypresents.當(dāng)他打開他的生日禮物時，他的臉上露齒一笑。【知識拓展】grinvt.咧嘴而笑e.g.Hewasgrinningwithdelight.他高興得咧開嘴笑?？键c(diǎn)13.containv.包含，含有e.g.Pigironmaycontarn4%ofcarbon.生鐵可含百分之四的碳。Thebottlecontainstwopints.這瓶裝兩品脫。指點(diǎn)迷津：contain,hold兩個單詞都含“包含，容納”的意思。contain著重“其中確實(shí)包含有”。e.g.Thebottlecontainswater.這個瓶子里有水。hold指“能容納”。e.g.Thehouseholds20people.這房子能住下20人。語法精講——情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞can/could的用法表示“能力；許可；可能性”等。在口語中，can可以代替may表示許可，而may比較正式。could為can的過去式，可以表示語氣較委婉，用于否定句中，表示推測，表示“不可能”。e.g.Manypeoplecanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn'ttenyearsago.現(xiàn)在許多人能使用電腦，但10年前我們不能。Hecan'tbeathome.他不可能在家。2.情態(tài)動詞would與should的用法(1)情態(tài)動詞would是will的過去式，表示的語氣比較緩和、委婉。e.g.Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt?請遞給我鹽好嗎？（表示語氣委婉，希望得到對方的肯定回答）Iwouldlike/lovetohelpyou.我愿意幫助你。（表示緩和）(2)should表示義務(wù)，可用于各種句式，通常指將來。e.g.Youshoulddowhatyourteachertellsyou.你應(yīng)該照你老師的話辦。Heshoulddosomework,buthedoesn’twantto.他應(yīng)該做些工作，但是他不想做。用于第一人稱疑問句時，表示征詢意見。e.g.ShouldIopenthewindow?我可以開窗嗎？3.may與might的用法(1)情態(tài)動詞may表示“許可”或含有征求對方意見之意。表示“可以”之意時，用may，它的否定形式為maynot，表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”等意思時，常用mustnot/mustn't代替maynot。e.g.Youmaygohomenow.你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。--MayIwatchTVaftersupper,Mum?媽媽，晚飯后我可以看電視嗎？--Yes,youmay.／No,youmustn't.／No,youmaynot.／No,you'dbetternot.是的，你可以。／不，你不可以。／不，你不可以。／不，你最好不。Wemayhavealotofworktodo.我們可能有許多工作要做。(2)might表示“可能”時，其語氣及可能性比may要小含義更不確定。e.g.Hemightbeill.他也許生病了吧。Mybrothermightcomeheresoon.我哥哥也許馬上就會來這里。4.must的用法must表示“必須；應(yīng)該”，否定式為mustnot/mustn't，表示“不應(yīng)該；不許可；不準(zhǔn)；禁止”等。在回答帶有must的問句時，否定式常用needn't/neednot或don'thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustnot。e.g.Youmustn’tspeaklikethis.你不應(yīng)該這樣說話。--MustIstayherenow?我現(xiàn)在必須待在這里嗎？--Yes,youmust.／No,youneedn't.／No,youdon'thaveto.是，你必須。／不，不必。／不，你不一定要去。詞組1. 一天晚上2. 給我?guī)б话?. 出去4. 最后5. 一包包地買6. 看上去很傻7. 流過電線8. 測量你使用的電量9. 得到一張……的賬單10. 在某種程度上11.比……危險(xiǎn)得多12. 小心對待13.看似……樣14. 撓頭15. 把……變成……16. 想一想；想出來17. 電燈泡18. 來自于19. 各種能量20. 被連接到……21. 埋在路下22. 發(fā)電站23. 回來24.我可以……嗎？25. 在他臉上26.它在這兒27.你不知道嗎？28.關(guān)上詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.dangerous(a.)危險(xiǎn)的→(n.)危險(xiǎn)2.servant(n.)仆人→(v.)服務(wù)→(n.)服務(wù)3.electricity(n.)電→(a.)電的→(a.)有關(guān)電的4.foolish(a.)愚蠢的→(n.)傻瓜/（v.）愚弄5.monthly(ad.)每月一次→(n.)月份6.explanation(n.)解釋→(v.)解釋7.careful(a.)小心的→(n./v.)關(guān)心→(ad.)小心地→(a.)粗心的8.invisible(a.)看不見的→(a.)看得見的9.change(n./v.)變化→(a.)多變的10.different(a.)不同的→(n.)不同點(diǎn)11.power(n.)力→(a.)強(qiáng)大的12.politely(ad.)有禮貌地→(a.)有禮貌的→(a.)沒禮貌的13.contain(v.)包含→(n.)容器14.clear(a.)清楚的→(ad.)清楚地主題閱讀——電PracticePractice一、選詞填空閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每個方框內(nèi)所給11個詞匯中選擇10個意義相符的詞匯，必要時進(jìn)行詞形變化，填入空白處。all,

city,

many,

no,

so,

they,

a,

safe,

about,

too,

anythingNowwecanseemoreandmoreelectricbikesinthestreet.Electricbikesareeasytoride.Theyrunfastandmake1pollution.Sotheybecomeverypopularinmanybig2inChina.Buttheelectricbikesalsocause3trafficaccidents.4Chinaplanstomakeanewrulefortheelectricbikeriders.If5electricbikeisheavierthan40kilosandcangofasterthan20kilometersanhour,itsridermustgetalicense(執(zhí)照).Itmeansridershavetopassdrivingtestsbeforetheyride6electricbikesontheroad.Peoplehavedifferentideas7theplan.Somewelcometheplanbecausetheythinkitwillmakethestreetmuch8.Butsomearenothappywiththenewruleatall.Oneridersaid,“Idon’twanttogetalicenseor9.That’s10muchtrouble.”What’syouridea?Doyouagreewiththeplan?二、閱讀理解①Overthepastfortyyears,carshavebecomelesspolluting.Manypeoplenowdriveelectriccars(e-cars).Andtherearefeweremissions(排放)fromcars.However,citiessuchasLondonandLosAngelesarestillfightingairpollution.Usingcleanercarsisagoodstep,butisthisenough?②Asurveyshowsthatmorethan40percentofthecarsonlyhaveonepersoninside.Butacartriptakesalotofelectricity(電).IntheU.S.,morethan60percentofelectricitystillcomesfromfossilfuels(化石燃料).Soifallofusweretousee-cars,theemissionswouldonlybecutdownby25percent.③Andthereareotherthingstobeworriedabout.Roadsandothersystemsforcarsneedalotofspace.About24percentofLondon’sland(土地)hasbeenusedtobuildthesesystems.InmanyU.S.cities,thisnumbercanbeashighas40percent.TheWorldHealthOrganizationadvisescitiestocreateatleast9㎡ofgreenspaceforeachperson.However,inmanyfast-growingcitiesaroundtheworld,eachgetslessthan2㎡becausetheyhavetousemorelandforroadsandparking.④So,usingcleanercarsisnotenoughtomakeourcitiesbetter.Infact,citiesneedmuchfewercars.Peopleshouldhavedifferentwaystogetaround.Studiesshowthatpeoplewillgetoutoftheircarsiftheyhavemoreandbetterwaystochoose.Onlythenwillourcitiesbecomefasterandgreener.11．Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1refersto“________.”A．drivingcars B．stoppingemissionsC．usingcleanercars D．fightingairpollution12．InAmericancities,about_______ofthelandhasbeenusedbecauseofcars.A．24% B．25% C．40% D．60%13．Thewriterofthepassageistryingtoadvisepeopleto________.A．drivecarsless B．buildmoreroadsC．usemorecleanercars D．stopusingfossilfuels14．Thestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassagemaybe________.A． B． C． D．三、完形填空Howwouldyouusearadiooratelephoneifyouhadnoelectricityorbatteries?These15botheredBritishinventorTrevorBaylis.Soin1996he16awind-up（裝有發(fā)條的）radio.Itdoesn’tneedelectricityorbatteries.Youwinditup17hand.Itplaysforaboutanhour.Then,youwinditupagain.Thenin1999,Baylisinventedamobiletelephonethatispoweredbyshoes.Theshoes18asmallbatterythatispoweredwhenyouwalk.Thisbatteryisconnectedtoamobilephone.Thesetwosimpleinventionscanbringmodern19toallpartsoftheworld.Baylisdoesn’thaveauniversitydegreeinengineering.Infact,helefthighschoolbeforegraduating.Hejustlovesmakingthingstohelppeople.Heneverknows20ideaswillcometohim.Theideaforthetelephonecametohiminadream.15．A．dreams B．problems C．inventions D．wishes16．A．invented B．improved C．borrowed D．copied17．A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．by18．A．call B．convenient C．contain D．complain19．A．communications B．exhibitions C．suggestions D．instructions20．A．what B．while C．unless D．when四、短文填空Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）Electricityhasalwaysbeenaroundalthoughit’sinvisible!Scientistshaveworkedwithelectricityforthousandsofyears.We’veallheardofthefamousonessucha21BenjaminFranklinandThomasEdison,butmanyotherimportantinventorshavebeenburied(埋葬)inhistory.BackinancientGreece,scientistsbegantostudyelectricity.Over2,000yearsl22in1600,EnglishscientistWilliamGilbertfirstusedtheword“electric”inareport.In1786,anItalianprofessorfoundthatwhenhetouchedadeadfrog’slegwithaknife,thelegstartedtoshake!In1792,a23Italianscientist,AlessandroVolta,gavethecorrecte24:thetwodifferentmetals—thesteelknifeandthetin(錫)platewherethefrogwaslying—madethelegshake.Voltaalsoinventedthefirstbattery.Inthelate19thcentury,BritishscientistJosephSwanandAmericaninventorThomasEdisonsetupacompanytop25thefirstelectriclamp.Beforethat,Edisoninventedagenerator(發(fā)電機(jī))andusedittoprovidee26tolighthislab.LaterhelightedthefirstNewYorkstreetwithelectriclampsinSeptember1882!

WhenEdison’sgeneratorwasc27toJamesWatt’ssteamengine(蒸汽機(jī)),itbecamepossibletoproducealoto