串講04定語從句用法講解高二英語下學(xué)期期末考點大串講（譯林版2020）

Sheisagirl.Sheispretty.Heisaboy.Heishandsome.

Sheisaprettygirl.Heisahandsomeboy.什么是定語？——修飾名詞或代詞的詞語或短語1定義1.什么是定語從句？2.先行詞：3.定語從句的位置：4.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞(包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)。﹙1﹚關(guān)系代詞：﹙2﹚關(guān)系副詞：在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之后。that/who/whom/whose/whichwhen/where/why2概念關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主語

賓語賓語主語

賓語主語

賓語定語關(guān)系副詞的指代關(guān)系指地點指原因指時間在定語從句中的作用wherewhenwhy√√時間狀語地點狀語介詞+which原因狀語√Grammar1限制性定語從句RestrictiveAttributiveClauseRoadtoGrammar一、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句對先行項（先行詞）進(jìn)行限定或修飾，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。主句和從句不用逗號隔開。 TheboywhoiswearingablackcoatboughtaniPodyesterday.限制性定語從句修飾theboy先行詞關(guān)系詞『』1定義（一）限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法a.Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.b.Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.c.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.d.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.e.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who(人),whom(人),which(物),that(人/物),whose(人/物),在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略作主語作定語用法1①Iliketheway(inwhich/that)yousmile.②Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)he'slookingatme.③Thisistheway(inwhich/that)we'vealwaysdoneit.當(dāng)先行詞是way且在從句中表示“以……方式”時，常由that或inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞也可以省略。①Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.②Didyouhaveanything(that)youwanttosayforyourself?(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,some等不定代詞時。that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，

但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。用that而不用which的情況①Thisistheverybus(that)I'mwaitingfor.②Theonlything(that)wecandois(to)giveyousomemoney.③I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(2)先行詞被theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),thesame,thelast,all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時。(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。①ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.②Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.③Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)I'veseen.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。(5)當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?②Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?(6)有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞宜用which，則另一個用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.（二）限制性定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which)結(jié)構(gòu)。a.Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.b.Thehotelistheonewhere(atwhich)Istayedlastmonth.c.Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.作時間狀語作地點狀語作原因狀語2用法Grammar2非限制性定語從句Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseRoadtoGrammar非限制性定語從句Water,whichisaliquid,hasmanyuses.非限制性定語從句對water補充說明先行詞關(guān)系詞『』非限制性定語從句對先行項進(jìn)行補充說明，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。主語和從句用逗號隔開。1定義（一）非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法非限制性定語從句由which,who,whom,whose等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。a.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.b.Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.c.Mybrother,whom/whoyoumettheotherday,hasgoneabroad.d.Mrs.Gray,

whose

childrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.

2用法（二）非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法非限制性定語從句中，可用關(guān)系副詞when,where引導(dǎo)。a.HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.b.YesterdayIwenttothedepartmentstore,whereImetmyteacher.用法2“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的注意事項1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)系代詞常用whom或which，且不能省略。a.ImetanoldfriendfromwhomIhadpartedformanyyears.b.Itwasacrisisforwhichshewastotallyunprepared.c.Theywerebadlyhurtintheearthquake,becauseofwhichtheydidn'tgotoschool.d.Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.3介詞+關(guān)系代詞的注意事項三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的注意事項2.介詞of+whom/which可替換由whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。a.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,theachievementofwhomarewellknown.b.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.3介詞+關(guān)系代詞的注意事項三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的注意事項3.當(dāng)定語從句中的謂語動詞是固定搭配不可分割時，介詞不可提前。a.ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.b.Thisistheprogramwhichhelistenedto.常見搭配有：listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。介詞+關(guān)系代詞的注意事項3三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的注意事項4.“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/表示整體或部分概念的詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）”結(jié)構(gòu)可引出定語從句。a.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.b.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.c.Herearetwopairsofsocks,eitherofwhichyoumaychoose.3介詞+關(guān)系代詞的注意事項1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系

Isthatthenewspaper___whichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_____whichI'mnotsure?3.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣1949wastheyear___whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.foraboutin關(guān)系代詞前介詞(介詞＋which)的確定限：thesame...so/such...as..as(表同類)...

that（表同一個）...asissaid/ashasbeensaidbefore/asmentionedbefore

asisreported

asweallknow/asisknowntousall

asisoftenthecase

assb.putit

asaproverbgoes

asoftenhappens

asisshowninthechart

asanybodycansee

asisexpected

assb.pointsout非限：4as的用法1.［全國甲2023·63］Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_______RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”as

【解析】句意為：然而，正如蕾切爾·卡森在《明日的寓言》中所說，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有價值。assb.says為固定句型，意為“正如某人所說”，as在此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句故填as。高考實戰(zhàn)2.［全國甲2023·64改編］“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_______alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.as

【解析】句意為：“從前在美國的中心有一個小鎮(zhèn)，那里的萬物似乎全都與其四周的環(huán)境和平共處，”她的寓言是這樣開頭的，并且從許多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的詞語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處前后都是完整的句子；設(shè)空處后的句子修飾限制前面的town，應(yīng)是定語從句，先行詞town指地點，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。高考實戰(zhàn)3.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,_______thecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing

（2021年全國甲卷閱讀理解C篇）where

解析：整句的謂語是is，ataneasternbendintheThames是后置定語，修飾主語Southbank;空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾主語Southbank，并在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。高考實戰(zhàn)4.［全國新高考I2022·65］TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.that

【解析】句意為：大熊貓國家公園旨在為生活在大熊貓分布區(qū)的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞為species，指物，且前面有all修飾。故填that。5.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from___studentscanchooseforfree. [2020江蘇卷]