2013年10月中國(guó)科學(xué)院考博英語(yǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)

2013年10月中國(guó)科學(xué)院考博英語(yǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.StructureandVocabulary2.Cloze3.ReadingComprehension4.English-ChineseTranslation5.WritingStructureandVocabulary1．Abruptlythegroundfellawayfromourfeet,andan______voidopenedbeforeus.A．a(chǎn)nxiousB．a(chǎn)udibleC．a(chǎn)wesomeD．a(chǎn)miable正確答案：C解析：本題考查形容詞的語(yǔ)義。A焦慮的，發(fā)愁的；B聽得見的；C令人敬畏的，令人驚嘆的；D和藹可親的，令人愉悅的。該句的大意為：突然大地從我們腳下陷落下去，一塊可怕的凹陷出現(xiàn)在我們面前。2．Autobiographicaladvertisingcan______consumers’pastmemoriesabouttheproductorbrand.A．exaggerateB．excavateC．extractD．evoke正確答案：D解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配。A夸張，夸大；B挖空，挖掘；C(費(fèi)力地)取出；采掘，提煉；D喚起，引起；使人想起。該句的大意為：自傳性質(zhì)的廣告可以喚起消費(fèi)者對(duì)于該產(chǎn)品或該品牌的回憶。3．Manyanimalsareonthe______ofdisappearingfromthefaceoftheearthandzooscanprovidethemwithasafeplacetoliveandbreed.A．rangeB．vergeC．partD．link正確答案：B解析：本題考查介詞與名詞的搭配。A山脈，排、行、走向；B邊，邊沿，邊緣；C一部分，組成部分；D連接，紐帶。該句的大意為：許多動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕，動(dòng)物園可以為它們提供一個(gè)安全的地方生存、繁衍。4．Ifcostscontinueto______,thestatewillnotbeabletoaffordthisschemeforlong,anditwillbecomeunpopular.A．soarB．shootC．swingD．settle正確答案：A解析：本題考查名詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配。A猛增，劇增；B射中；C搖擺，擺動(dòng)；D安頓，使安居，確立(制度等)。該句的大意為：如果費(fèi)用繼續(xù)猛增的話，國(guó)家將無(wú)法長(zhǎng)期承擔(dān)這一計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃(最終)將無(wú)人問津。5．There’sa______inthefactthatalthoughwe’relivinglongerthaneverbefore,peoplearemoreobsessedwithhealthissuesthantheyeverwere.A．paradoxB．dilemmaC．polarityD．misconception正確答案：A解析：本題考查名詞的語(yǔ)義和句子的邏輯關(guān)系，是一道語(yǔ)境題。A似是而非的矛盾說(shuō)法；B進(jìn)退兩難的困境，窘境；C極，(性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)正好相反，截然對(duì)立；D誤解，錯(cuò)誤印象。該句的大意為：矛盾的是，盡管我們現(xiàn)在比任何時(shí)候都更長(zhǎng)壽，但是人們也比任何時(shí)候都更困擾于健康問題。6．______,Mr.Halladmitsthathepushedtoohard,andultimatelyhiseffortsfailed.A．InessenceB．InduecourseC．OnaverageD．Inretrospect正確答案：D解析：本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)。A本質(zhì)上，大體上，其實(shí)；B到時(shí)候，在今后適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；C平均起來(lái)；D回想起來(lái)，回顧往事。該句的大意為：回想起來(lái)，霍爾先生承認(rèn)當(dāng)時(shí)推得過(guò)猛，最終他的努力失敗了。7．AtaxicabandalaundrytruckmissedeachotherbyinchesonSixthAvenue,stoppinginsuchapositionthateach______theother’sprogress.A．imploredB．implementedC．impededD．imparted正確答案：C解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的形近詞辨析。A懇求，乞求；B使生效，履行，實(shí)施；C妨礙，阻礙，阻止；D給予、傳授，告知、通知。該句的大意為：一輛出租車和一輛洗衣店的卡車在第六大道以毫厘之差幾乎相撞，并且兩輛車停的位置都阻礙了對(duì)方的通行。8．Inhernewnovel,“Annabel,”reviewedthisweekinthemagazine,KathleenWinter______thenature-nurturedivide.A．outgrowsB．exploresC．perceivesD．contends正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義。A長(zhǎng)大(或發(fā)展)得使……不再適用；B探索，探究，調(diào)查研究；C感知、感覺，認(rèn)識(shí)到、意識(shí)到；D搏斗，爭(zhēng)斗。該句的大意為：在凱瑟琳-溫德的新小說(shuō)《安娜貝爾》一書中，作者探討了先天與后天的區(qū)別。9．Theydriftedonthelake,fishingandcatchingshrimpto______.A．getbyB．getoverC．getalongD．getacross正確答案：A解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A通過(guò)，設(shè)法，繼續(xù)存在；B克服，使度過(guò)，走完；C相處，進(jìn)展，前進(jìn)；D橫過(guò)(馬路、河流等)，使被理解，使被接受。該句的大意為：他們?cè)诤掀髦?，依靠打魚捕蝦度日。10．InsomeCaliforniahousingestates,akeyaloneisinsufficienttogetsomeoneinthedoor;hisorhervoiceprintmustalsobe______.A．duplicatedB．perceivedC．a(chǎn)cquiredD．verified正確答案：D解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義和句子的邏輯關(guān)系，是一道語(yǔ)境題。A復(fù)制；B感知，感受；C(尤指通過(guò)努力)取得，獲得，學(xué)到；D證明、證實(shí)，核實(shí)、查清。該句的大意為：在加州的一些住房里單靠鑰匙是開不了門的，還需驗(yàn)證房主的語(yǔ)音信息。11．Francewillloweritstaxrateonfoodanddrinksatrestaurantsinhopesof______touristsandlocalstostrugglingcafes,whichmeansasavingof$7.05ona$50meal.A．usheringB．initiatingC．luringD．trapping正確答案：C解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配。A引，領(lǐng)，招待；B開始，創(chuàng)始；C吸引、引誘，誘惑；D設(shè)陷阱捕捉。該句的大意為：為了吸引游客和其他人，從而拯救艱難度日的餐館，法國(guó)將降低餐飲業(yè)中食品和酒水的稅率。這樣一來(lái)，50美元的一頓飯可以節(jié)省7．05美元。12．Inaglobaleconomythathasproducedmoredramaticupsanddownsthananyonethoughtpossible,Asiamaybe______anotherdishearteningplunge.A．takinginB．headingforC．longingforD．spreadingout正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A吸引，領(lǐng)會(huì)，包括；B朝……進(jìn)發(fā)，奔，走向；C渴望，羨慕，憧憬；D伸展，延長(zhǎng)，分散。該句的大意為：如今的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了更多的任何人都無(wú)法想象的大起大落，而亞洲可能會(huì)面臨一個(gè)更令人沮喪的經(jīng)濟(jì)猛跌。13．Inthe1970s,hebecameatirelesspromoterforthedrugasacurefordepression—whichheoncesufferedfrom—andother______.A．a(chǎn)ilmentsB．therapiesC．tollsD．a(chǎn)ddictions正確答案：A解析：本題考查名詞語(yǔ)義和句子中的并列關(guān)系，是一道語(yǔ)境題。A疾病，病痛；B療法，治療；C(事故等)傷亡人數(shù)；D入迷，嗜好。該句的大意為：在20世紀(jì)70年代，他一直不知疲倦地宣傳這種藥物，認(rèn)為它可以用來(lái)治療抑郁癥(他自己曾得過(guò))和其他疾病。14．Hearingthenews,shecouldfeelanger______insideher.A．stumblingB．staggeringC．twistingD．surging正確答案：D解析：本題考查名詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配。A絆腳、絆倒，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說(shuō)；B搖晃，蹣跚；C使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，使盤繞，使扭轉(zhuǎn)；D起伏，洶涌、猛沖。該句的大意為：聽到這個(gè)消息，她感覺到自己怒火中燒。15．Manyadvertisersremain______oftheInternetandquestionhowheavilytorelyonit.A．inconsistentB．supportiveC．skepticalD．prospective正確答案：C解析：本題考查形容詞的語(yǔ)義。A不一致的，不協(xié)調(diào)的；B支持的，維持的；C慣于懷疑的，表示懷疑的；D預(yù)期的，未來(lái)的，即將發(fā)生的。該句的大意為：許多廣告商依舊對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)持懷疑態(tài)度，質(zhì)疑人們對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴。16．Iftheexpertadviceismorepositive,willtheparentsbeableto______attitudeswhichhavebuiltupoverdecadesinafewdays?A．a(chǎn)pproveofB．shrugoffC．showoffD．pickup正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A贊成，贊同；B聳肩表示蔑視或表示對(duì)……不屑理睬，擺脫；C炫耀，賣弄；D撿起，(尤指偶然地、無(wú)意地、不費(fèi)勁地)得到，學(xué)會(huì)。該句的大意為：如果專家的建議更積極，家長(zhǎng)們會(huì)在短短幾天內(nèi)就能擺脫幾十年形成的觀點(diǎn)嗎?17．Itwillbeveryhelpfulifparentshaveseentheschoolenvironmentandknowwhatkindoftaskstheschoolwill______onthedailylifeoftheirchild.A．composeB．imposeC．disposeD．expose正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。A組成、構(gòu)成，作曲；B征稅，加(負(fù)擔(dān)、懲罰等)于……、把……強(qiáng)加于；C排列、布置，安排、處理；D暴露，使遭受，使處于……作用(或影響)之下。該句的大意為：如果父母已經(jīng)親眼看到學(xué)校的環(huán)境，并且了解學(xué)校將給他們的孩子布置什么樣的作業(yè)，這會(huì)非常有用。18．Theauthorskillfullyfusesthesefragmentsintoa______whole.A．congestiveB．corporateC．collaborativeD．cohesive正確答案：D解析：本題考查形容詞的語(yǔ)義。A充血的，引起擁堵的；B(結(jié)成)社團(tuán)的，合伙的；C合作的，協(xié)作的，協(xié)力完成的；D團(tuán)結(jié)的，有聚合性的。該句的大意為：作者巧妙地將這些片段融合成一個(gè)連貫統(tǒng)一的整體。19．______hisseemingrebellionagainstmiddle-classvalues,heremainsessentiallymiddle-class.A．InsteadofB．AsforC．ForallD．Butfor正確答案：C解析：本題考查連接詞的用法。A(用……)代替……，(是……)而不是……；B至于、關(guān)于，就……方面來(lái)說(shuō)；C盡管，雖然；D要不是。該句的大意為：盡管他的價(jià)值觀看上去和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的格格不人，本質(zhì)上來(lái)講他仍是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)。20．It’sverydifficultto______theexactmeaningofanidiominaforeignlanguage.A．exchangeB．transferC．convertD．convey正確答案：D解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的近義詞辨析。A更換，交換；B改變，轉(zhuǎn)變；C使轉(zhuǎn)變、使轉(zhuǎn)化，使改變信仰；D傳播、傳遞，表達(dá)、傳達(dá)。該句的大意為：很難將外語(yǔ)中俗語(yǔ)的意思精準(zhǔn)地傳達(dá)出來(lái)。Cloze“Pain,”asAlbertSchweitzeroncesaid,“isamoreterriblelordofmankindthanevendeathitself.“Prolongedpaindestroysthequalityoflife.Itcan【C1】______thewilltolive,attimes【C2】______peopletosuicide.Thephysicaleffectsareequally【C3】______Severe,persistentpaincanspoilsleepandappetite,【C4】______producingfatigueandreducingtheavailabilityofnutrientstoorgans.Itmay【C5】______delayrecoveryfromillnessorinjuryand,inweakenedorelderlypatients,maymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.【C6】______,therearesomekindsofpainthatexistingtreatmentscannotease.【C7】______doctorscandolittleinthesecasesisterriblydistressingforeveryoneinvolvedbutiscertainly【C8】______Whatseemslessunderstandableisthatmanypeoplesuffernotbecausetheirdiscomfortisuntreatablebutbecausephysiciansareoftenreluctantto【C9】______morphine.Morphineisthesafest,mosteffectivepainkillerknownforconstant,severepain,butitisalso【C10】______forsomepeople.【C11】______,itisrarelyprescribed.Indeed,concernoveraddictionhas【C12】______manynationsinEuropeandelsewheretoban【C13】______anyusesofmorphineandrelatedsubstances,includingtheirmedicalapplications.Even【C14】______morphineisalegalmedicaltherapy,asitisinGreatBritainandtheU.S.,manydoctors,afraidofturningpatientsintoaddicts,【C15】______amountsthataretoosmalltocontrolpain.21．【C1】A．boostB．erodeC．wearD．distract正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析及對(duì)語(yǔ)句的理解。A促進(jìn)(及物動(dòng)詞)；B削弱(及物動(dòng)詞)；C磨損(不及物動(dòng)詞)；D使……分散(及物動(dòng)詞)。原文是說(shuō)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的疼痛能削弱人的求生意愿。22．【C2】A．drivingB．driveC．drivesD．driven正確答案：A解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)的用法，是一道語(yǔ)法題。在這里，需要一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞做主句的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的疼痛能削弱人的求生意愿，有時(shí)甚至迫使人自殺。23．【C3】A．compoundB．comprehensibleC．exhaustiveD．profound正確答案：D解析：本題考查形容詞的詞義辨析。A復(fù)合的；B可理解的；C詳盡的；D深遠(yuǎn)的。本句的意思是，疼痛對(duì)身體的影響同樣巨大。24．【C4】A．withB．wherebyC．therebyD．a(chǎn)s正確答案：C解析：本題考查連接詞的詞性和用法。A介詞，隨著；B關(guān)系副詞，憑……，由此；C表目的連詞，借以、從而、由此；D連接副詞，當(dāng)。本句的意思是，持續(xù)劇烈的疼痛會(huì)影響人們的睡眠和胃口，從而讓人疲憊不堪并減少了身體各器官可吸收的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。25．【C5】A．thusB．thoughC．a(chǎn)longD．instead正確答案：A解析：本句考查連詞的用法和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。本句接著上句，意思是，由于以上情形的出現(xiàn)，于是疼痛拖延了病人從疾病和傷勢(shì)中恢復(fù)健康的時(shí)間。26．【C6】A．FortunatelyB．SadlyC．NotablyD．Promptly正確答案：B解析：本句考查對(duì)上下文的理解。前句是說(shuō)，疼痛對(duì)人體有很大的傷害，本句意思是，有很多種疼痛是現(xiàn)在的治療技術(shù)無(wú)法緩解的，從前后的邏輯關(guān)系，可以看出，這是一種讓人無(wú)能為力的、悲傷的現(xiàn)實(shí)。27．【C7】A．ThoughB．WhichC．ThatD．While正確答案：C解析：本句考查對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的掌握，是一道語(yǔ)法題。在句中，Thatdoctorscandolittleinthesecases作主語(yǔ)，是主語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句放在主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)，that不能省。另外，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有Cthat是引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。28．【C8】A．understandableB．shamefulC．worryingD．puzzling正確答案：A解析：本題考查對(duì)句意的理解?？梢詮脑摼渲衎ut一詞表明的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)理解。本句是說(shuō)，醫(yī)生對(duì)有些疼痛無(wú)能為力這個(gè)事實(shí)雖讓人沮喪，但也能得到人們的理解。29．【C9】A．promoteB．produceC．prescribeD．present正確答案：C解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的形近詞辨析。A促進(jìn)；B產(chǎn)生；C開處方；D呈現(xiàn)。本句的意思是，讓人不太能理解的是，很多病人忍受疼痛的折磨不是因?yàn)樗麄兊奶弁床豢芍委?，而是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生不愿意給他們開出嗎啡這個(gè)處方。30．【C10】A．strongB．costlyC．ineffectiveD．a(chǎn)ddictive正確答案：D解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析及對(duì)文章上下文的理解。A強(qiáng)烈的；B昂貴的；C無(wú)效的；D成癮的。本句意思是，對(duì)付長(zhǎng)期性的劇烈疼痛，嗎啡是最安全、最有效的止痛藥，但對(duì)有些人而言，這種藥又是上癮的。另外，可以從接下來(lái)一段的第一句話來(lái)確定對(duì)本句的理解：對(duì)嗎啡成癮的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致歐洲和其他地方的很多國(guó)家禁止使用它。31．【C11】A．ConsequentlyB．ConclusivelyC．HoweverD．Meanwhile正確答案：A解析：本題考查上下文句子的邏輯關(guān)系和連接副詞的使用。前文提到，對(duì)付長(zhǎng)期性的劇烈疼痛，嗎啡是最安全、最有效的止疼藥，但對(duì)有些人而言，這種藥又是上癮的。由此可以得出一個(gè)合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，嗎啡很少被醫(yī)生用于處方。32．【C12】A．urgedB．enhancedC．ledD．stimulated正確答案：C解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。A強(qiáng)烈要求；B加強(qiáng)；C引導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致；D促進(jìn)。這句的意思是，對(duì)嗎啡成癮性的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致歐洲和其他地方的很多國(guó)家禁止使用它。33．【C13】A．presentlyB．virtuallyC．decisivelyD．promptly正確答案：B解析：本題考查副詞的語(yǔ)義。A馬上；B實(shí)際上；C決定性；D及時(shí)。這句話是說(shuō)，對(duì)嗎啡成癮性的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致歐洲和其他地方的很多國(guó)家禁止對(duì)嗎啡及其相關(guān)物質(zhì)的任何使用。34．【C14】A．whenB．thoughC．whichD．where正確答案：D解析：本題考查關(guān)系副詞的使用，是一道語(yǔ)法題。在wheremorphineisalegalmedicaltherapy中，where是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句修飾主句。這句的意思是，即使是在英國(guó)和美國(guó)這些將嗎啡視為一種合法治療手段的地方，很多醫(yī)生還是擔(dān)心把病人變成癮君子，因此給病人開的嗎啡量太小以至于根本無(wú)法控制疼痛。35．【C15】A．a(chǎn)dministeringB．a(chǎn)dministerC．a(chǎn)dministeredD．toadminister正確答案：B解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞不同時(shí)態(tài)和形態(tài)的用法，是一道語(yǔ)法題。在本句中，句子的主語(yǔ)是manydoctors，afraidofturningpatientintoaddicts是插入成分，amountsthataretoosmalltocontrolpain是賓語(yǔ)，可見句子缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。ReadingComprehensionGermany,Europe’seconomicpowerhouse,doesnotlackcourage:itreboundedfromtwoworldwars,digestedreunificationandhasnowpoweredaheadofneighborsstillreelingfromthefinancialcrisis.Itoverhauledarigidlabormarketandraisedtheretirementageto67withlittlefuss.Mostrecently,itsimplydecidedtoabandonnuclearpower.Withthisboldnessatthetopcomesobedienceatthebottom—82millionGermanswillwaitatapedestrianredlight,evenwithnocarinsight.Butwhenitcomestoempoweringwomen,noTeutonicdriveorrespectseemstowork—evenunderoneoftheworld’smostpowerfulwomen,ChancellorAngelaMerkel.Despiteabatchofgovernmentmeasuresandevermorepassionatedebateaboutgenderroles,onlyabout14percentofGermanmotherswithonechildresumefull-timework,andonly6percentofthosewithtwo.All30Germanstockindexcompaniesarerunbymen.Nationwide,asinglewomanpresidesonasupervisoryboard:Dr.SimoneBagel-TrahatHenkel.EighteenmonthsaftertheInternationalHeraldTribunelaunchedaseriesonthestateofwomeninthe21stcenturywithalookatGermany,thecountryhasemergedasatestcaseforthepush-and-pullofeconomicsandtradition.Forthedevelopedworld,Germany’ssituationsuggeststhatpuzzlingouthowtoremoveenduringbarrierstowomen’sfurtherprogressisoneofthehardestquestionstosolve.InallEuropeancountries,fromthetraditionallymachosouthernrimtomoreegalitarianNordicnations,theavailabilityandaffordabilityofchildcare,intertwinedwithtraditionalideasaboutgenderroles,haveprovedkeyfactorsindetermininggenderequality.Thenatureofmalenetworksisanothertellingfactor.Womenremainastrikingminorityintopcorporatecircles,eveninfiercelyegalitariancountrieslikeSwedenortheUSwhereopportunitiesoftengowithone’sabilities.Veryfewcountriesapproach20percentfemalerepresentationoncorporateexecutiveboards.YetifSwedishexecutivesuitesboast17percentwomenandtheUnitedStatesandBritain14percent,inGermanyitis2percent—asinIndia,accordingtoMcKinsey’s2010WomenMatterreport.Oneofthecountriesinmostneedoffemaletalent—theGermanbirthrateisamongthelowestinEuropeandlaborshortagesinskilledtechnicalprofessionsarealready150,000—Germanyisaplacewheregenderstereotypesremainengrainedinthemind,andinkeyinstitutionsacrosssociety.36．Thefirsttwoparagraphsdescribe______.A．practicalGermanleadershipinvariousfieldsB．retiredGermanworkers’livesC．a(chǎn)successfulGermanysinceWorldWarID．a(chǎn)Germanstyleofdealingwithcrises正確答案：A解析：本題是例證題，要求考生可以從第一段和第二段中提到的各個(gè)例子中總結(jié)出共同的相似點(diǎn)：即德國(guó)政府在各方面施政效率都很高。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．withthisboldnessatthetop…。37．Accordingtotheauthor,undertheleadershipofChancellorAngelaMerkel______.A．femalesmusthavebeenallowedtotakesomefull-timejobsB．womenmighthavebeensupportedtobecomestrongerC．discussionsshouldhavebeenheldaboutwomen’simportanceD．womenshouldhavebecomemorepowerfulthantheyarenow正確答案：D解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查對(duì)第三段的理解，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在even這個(gè)副詞上，同時(shí)需要注意選項(xiàng)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的含義。38．TheauthormentionsDr.SimoneBagel-Trahinordertoshow______.A．thepotentialforfemalestobecometopexecutivesB．thescarcityoffemaleCEOsinthecountryC．theinferiorityoffemaleCEOstomaleonesD．thestrengthofacompanyledbyafemale正確答案：B解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查對(duì)第四段最后一句話的理解，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．a(chǎn)singlewomen…。39．Thephrase“thepush-and-pullofeconomicsandtradition”(inParagraph5)referstothefactthat______.A．economicprogressneedseffortsbybothgendersB．traditionalgenderrolesremaininmodernsocietyC．economicneedsconflictwithtraditionalmindsetsD．traditionalgenderbiasmakesaneconomyevenworse正確答案：C解析：本題是詞匯題，考查該短語(yǔ)在第五段中的語(yǔ)義。短語(yǔ)本身并不費(fèi)解，答題關(guān)鍵是將短語(yǔ)放在文章的上下文中理解。本題也可以利用排除法，看哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章的主題大意最接近。40．WhichofthefollowingsituationsformsabarriertoEuropeanwomen’sprogress?A．Awomanmayfeelveryproudwithallhercolleaguesbeingmale.B．Ababysittermayfinditveryhardtomakethehostesssatisfied.C．Men’sfriendshipisthoughttobemuchstrongerthanwomen’s.D．Womenaredeemedmorecapablethanmenonlyathome.正確答案：D解析：本題是長(zhǎng)句理解題，考查第七段第一句話的意思。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：…intertwinedwithtraditionalideasaboutgenderroles…。41．Bywritingthispassage,theauthoraimstosuggestthatinGermanytheimprovementofwomen’ssocialrolesis______.A．essentialB．debatableC．hopelessD．formidable正確答案：A解析：本題是推理題，考查第十段第一句話的意思。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．inmostneedoffemaletalent…。LatelyIgotachancetoreadPeoplemagazine’smostrecentcompilationof“The50MostBeautifulPeopleintheWorld.“Itwasfabulous.Inadditiontoofferinghelpfulgroomingtips,theissueinvolvesanattempttoansweroneofthemostdifficultquestionsofourtime;Whichisultimatelymoreinfluential,natureornurture?Considerfirsttheextremenurturists,whoabstainfromthenotionthatanythingisbiologicallyfixed.There’sJohnWatson,famousforthestatement:“Givemeachildandletmecontrolthetotalenvironmentinwhichheisraised,andIwillturnhimintowhateverIwish.“AnurtureviewpointisalsoadvancedbyTVstarJennaElfman,whoattributesherbeautytodrinking100ouncesofwateraday,andusingamoisturizerthatcosts$1,000apound.However,evenabeginnerinthestudyofhumandevelopmentalbiologymighteasilynotethatnodegreeofexpensivemoisturizerswouldget,say,meonPeople’sbeautylist.Naturally,similarlystrongopinionscomefromtheopposing,naturefaction—thegeneticdeterministsamongtheMostBeautiful.PerhapsthecockiestofthisschoolisJoshBrolin,anactorwhosestatementcouldreadilyserveasamanifestoforthoseinhisprofession:“Iwasgivenmydad’sgoodgenes.“Onesearchesthepagesforamiddleground,fortheinterdisciplinarysynthesizerwhoperceivesthecontributionsofbothnatureandnurture.Atlast,wefindMonica,asinger,whohasanabsolutelywondrousskillforapplyingmakeup.This,atfirst,seemslikejustmorenurturepropaganda.Butwheredoesshegetthiscosmeticaptitude?Hermothersuppliestheanswer:it’ssomethingthat’sinborn.Onegaspsattheinsight;Thereisageneticinfluenceonhowoneinteractswiththeenvironment.Toobadafewmorepeoplecan’tthinkthiswaywhenfiguringoutwhatgeneshavetodowithintelligence,substanceabuse,orviolence.Inmattersofhumanbeauty,hardwiredpreferencesmatterbutcanbeovercome.NovelistGeorgeEliotwasstrikinglyhomely,buthermagneticcharacterinspiredHenryJamestowriteinaletter;“Sheismagnificentlyugly—deliciouslyhideous.Shehasadullgreyeye,avastpendulousnose,ahugemouth,andfullofuneventeeth...Nowinthisvastuglinessresidesamostpowerfulbeautywhich,inaveryfewminutes,stealsforthandcharmsthemind,sothatyouendasIended,infallinginlovewithher.“42．ThearticlesuggeststhatPeoplemagazineregularly______.A．providesalistofthemostbeautifulpeopleintheworldB．givesadviceabouthowtolooklikeinternationalbeautiesC．providesguidanceonansweringcomplexquestionsD．offershelpindealingwithmarriageorfamilyproblems正確答案：A解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查第一段第一句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：…mostrecentcompilationof．．．。43．WhatJohnWatsonsaidcanbestbeinterpretedas______.A．parents’oversightguidesachild’sgrowthB．one’supbringingdetermineswhattheybecomeC．a(chǎn)changeofenvironmentaffectsone’shealthD．child-raisingisbynomeanseasy正確答案：B解析：本題是例證題，考查第二段的結(jié)構(gòu)，看懂JohnWatson這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明極端后天論者的觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．theextremenurturists…。44．AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorbelieves______.A．onecangetprettierifdrinkingenoughwatereverydayB．JennaElfman’sexperienceisworthpublicizingC．thesecretsofbeautyarefoundinhumanbiologyD．beautymustdependonmorethanoneortwofactors正確答案：D解析：本題是推理題，考查第三段最后一句話的意思，注意一般however后面的信息往往是作者重點(diǎn)論述的內(nèi)容或觀點(diǎn)。45．Accordingtotheauthor,JoshBrolin’sstatementshowsthattheactoris______.A．over-charmingB．over-assertiveC．over-confidentD．over-sensitive正確答案：C解析：本題是詞匯題，考查第四段中cockiest一詞的含義。我們可以利用構(gòu)詞法和聯(lián)想法大致推出該詞的意思。首先，-est可能是形容詞最高級(jí)的后綴；其次，我們可以聯(lián)想到cock一詞表示“公雞”，可比喻趾高氣揚(yáng)的人。46．Asanexampleinfavorofbothnatureandnurture,theauthorfeelsthatMonica’smotherisrather______.A．insightfulB．a(chǎn)bsurdC．justifiableD．irrelevant正確答案：A解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查第五段第五句和第六句的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．onegraspsattheinsight…。47．Ashewrote,HenryJamesfellinlovewithGeorgeEliotbecauseof______.A．heruniqueuglinessB．herattractivecharacterC．hermasculinebeautyD．herskillfulwriting正確答案：B解析：本題是長(zhǎng)句理解題，考查第六段第二句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：…h(huán)ermagneticcharacterinspiredHenryJames．．．。Allcountrieshaveobviousincentivestolearnfrompastmistakes,butthosethathavesuccessfullyrisentothestatusofgreatpowersmaybelessinclinedtoadaptquicklyinthefuture.Whenitcomestolearningtherightlessons,paradoxically,nothingfailslikepriorsuccess.Thiswouldn’tseemtomakesense.Afterall,strongandwealthystatescanaffordtodevotealotofresourcestoanalyzingimportantforeign-policyproblems.Butthenagain,whenstatesarereallypowerful,thenegativeconsequencesoffoolishbehaviorrarelyprovefatal.JustasAmerica’s“BigThree”automakersweresolargeanddominanttheycouldresistreformandinnovationdespiteamplesignsthatforeigncompetitionwasrapidlyovertakingthem,strongandwealthystatescankeepmisguidedpoliciesinplaceandstillmanagetolimpalongformanyyears.ThehistoryoftheSovietUnionoffersanaptexampleofthisphenomenon.Soviet-stylecommunismwaswoefullyinefficientandbrutallyinhumane,anditsMarxist-Leninistideologybothalarmedthecapitalistworldandcreatedbittersplitswithintheinternationalcommunistmovement.YettheSovietUnionsurvivedforalmost70yearsandwasoneoftheworld’stwosuperpowersformorethanfourdecades.TheUnitedStateshasalsosufferedseriousself-inflictedwoundsontheforeign-policyfrontinrecentdecades,buttheconsequenceshavenotbeensosevereastocompelabroaderreassessmentoftheideasandstrategiesthathaveunderpinnedmanyofthesemistakes.Thetendencytoclingtoquestionableideasorfailedpracticeswillbeparticularlystrongwhenasetofpolicyinitiativesisboundupinagreatpower’srulingideologyorpoliticalculture.Sovietleaderscouldneverquiteabandontheideaofworldrevolution,anddefendersofBritishandFrenchcolonialismcontinuedtoseeitasthe“whiteman’sburden.“Today,U.S.leadersremainstubbornlycommittedtothegoalsofnation-buildinganddemocracypromotiondespitetheirdiscouragingtrackrecordwiththeseendeavors.YetbecausetheuniversalidealsoflibertyanddemocracyarecoreAmericanprinciples,itishardforU.S.leaderstoacknowledgethatothersocietiescannotbereadilyremadeinAmerica’simage.EvenwhenU.S.leadersrecognizethattheycannotcreate“somesortofCentralAsianValhalla,”asDefenseSecretaryRobertGatesacknowledgedin2009,theycontinuetospendbillionsofdollarstryingtobuilddemocracyinAfghanistan,alargelytraditionalsocietythathasneverhadastrongcentralstate,letaloneademocraticone.48．Concerningimprovementbasedonpasthistory,greatpowersoften______.A．failtodistinguishrightfromwrongB．understatealltheirwrongdoingsC．mentiontheirpriorsuccessaloneD．ignorehavingmademistakes正確答案：D解析：本題是推理題，考查第一段第二句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．nothingfailslikepriorsuccess…。49．America’s“BigThree”automakersareusedasanexampletoshowthat______.A．nationswouldneedtoadaptfortheirfutureB．businesseswouldlearnfromfailuresC．countriescouldsurvivetheirfaultsD．enterprisescoulddefeattheirrivals正確答案：C解析：本題既是例證題，又是長(zhǎng)句理解題，考查第二段最后一句的意思以及與前一句的邏輯關(guān)系。該句的大意是：盡管種種跡象顯示國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手正在快速地取代美國(guó)的三大汽車廠商，他們依然沒有進(jìn)行改革和創(chuàng)新；同樣，強(qiáng)大而富裕的國(guó)家就算政策失誤，依舊可以向前發(fā)展，只不過(guò)速度會(huì)減緩而已。50．ThepassagesuggeststhattheSovietUnion______.A．hadlongbeenincrisisbeforeitfellB．usedtobenumberoneintheworldC．lastedforalongtimebecauseofitsbrutalityD．causedseparatisminwesterncountries正確答案：A解析：本題是主旨大意題，考查第三段的前半段的主要內(nèi)容，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．woefullyinefficientandbrutallyinhumane…。51．TheUSseesthetroubleswithitsforeignaffairsas______.A．a(chǎn)vitalblowtoitsworldpositionB．resultingfromitsideologicalflawsC．sufferingtemporarysetbacksD．a(chǎn)signofdeficienciesinitspolicies正確答案：C解析：本題是長(zhǎng)句理解題，考查第三段最后一句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．sufferedseriousself-inflictedwounds…，…buttheconsequenceshavenotbeensosevere…。52．BritainandFrancearementionedasthosewho______.A．hadtheirownformsofdemocracyB．usedtobeenemiesoftheSovietUnionC．wereoncesuperiortotheUSD．wantedtobeworldleaders正確答案：D解析：本題是推理題，考查第四段第二句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．defendersofBritishandFrenchcolonialismcontinuedtoseeitasthe“whiteman’sburden”…。53．Theauthormostlikelyintendstogivegreatpowers______.A．a(chǎn)dviceB．supportC．sympathyD．threats正確答案：A解析：本題是寫作目的題，考查對(duì)文章主要內(nèi)容和寫作意圖的把握。MuchofthedebateaboutmulticulturalismintheUKiscrass,ignorantandmisconceived.Thenewcritics,fromtheleftinparticular,riskcontributingtotheveryprocessestheydecry,sincetheyaresodismissiveoftheachievementsthatmarkthiscountryoutfromothers,particularlyinEurope.Ican’tthinkofanyotherEUstatethathasbeenmoresuccessfulthantheUKinmanagingculturaldiversity.Inthiscountry,weneedmoremulticulturalism,notless.Thatistosay,weshouldconcentrateupondevelopingfurtherlinksbetweendifferentethnicandculturalcommunities,andupondialogueevenwhenonthesurfaceitseemstocreateproblems.JackStraw’sremarksaboutwomenwhoweartheveilhaveprovokedhugecontroversy.Buthewasrighttoraisetheissue,becausehewasemphasizingtheimportanceofconnectionandcommunication.Inapluralisticsocietyallgroupsshouldaccepttheneedforinterrogationfromothers—itistheconditionofproducingmutualrespect,ratherthanunderminingit.Hewasnotsuggestinganysortofcoercion.PakistanigroupsinparticularfeaturedintheriotsthathappenedinOldham,LeedsandBradfordinthe1990sandearly2000s.Atthattimeaswell,multiculturalismcameinforabashing:itwaswidelyblamedinthepressforcreatingsegregationbetweenPakistaniandlocalwhitecommunities.Theseclaimsweremade,however,bywriterswithscantknowledgeoftheneighbourhoodsinquestion.AsociologistattheUniversityofLeeds,LudiSimpson,laterstudiedthecommunitiesconcernedindepthand—somethingoftenneglected—overtime.Hefoundthatsegregationwasfarlowerthanmostoutsidecommentatorshadsuggested.ManyPakistanifamiliesoriginallylivingintheinner-cityareashadinfactmovedoutacrosstheyearstomiddle-classneighbourhoodsorruralareas.ContrarytotheideathattheAsian(mostlyMuslim)groupswantedtokeeptothemselves,theevidenceshowedadesireformoremixing,withmostwantingindependentlifestylesawayfromtoomuchethnicclustering.Formuchofthe20thcenturythemainperceivedsocialproblemwasthatofclassconflict.Classdifferencescontinuetooverlapwithculturalandethnicdivisions.Butforustodaytheperceivedsocialproblemisthatofthemanagementofdiversity:deliveringitsbenefits,whicharemany,whilecontainingtheconflictsandcoststhatitcanincur.Weshan’tgetanywhereinpursuingsuchgoalsifweabandonmulticulturalism.54．Accordingtotheauthor,thenewcriticsare______.A．reluctanttounderstandthedifferencesbetweenculturesB．gettingintoapositioncontrarytotheirownargumentC．ignorantofthereasonswhyUKstandsoutinEuropeD．goingtotheextremeleftincriticizingmulticulturalism正確答案：B解析：本題是長(zhǎng)句理解題，考查第一段第二句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．contributingtotheveryprocessestheydecry…。55．JackStraw’sremarksasmentionedprobablyconveytheideathat______.A．a(chǎn)nykindofcultureintheworlddeservesrespectB．genderbiasremainstheobstacletowomen’sliberationC．women’sveilwearingshowsculturalbackwardnessD．socialhierarchyremainsaprobleminIslamiccountries正確答案：A解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查第二段倒數(shù)第二句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．itistheconditionofproducingmutualrespect…。56．Assuggestedbytheauthor,thePakistanigroupsinthe1990sandearly2000s______.A．sufferedfromwidehlameinthemediaB．madestrongcriticismofmulticulturalismC．hadconflictswiththelocalwhitecommunitiesD．roseinrebellionagainstthegovernment正確答案：C解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查第三段第一句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):．．．featuredintheriots…。57．Theauthorsuggeststhattheblameputonmulticulturalismwasduetothelackof______.A．closeinvestigationintothereasonsfortheracialsegregationB．in-depthknowledgeabouttheculturalgroupsinvolvedC．a(chǎn)nacuteawarenessofthefeelingsoftheinner-citydwellersD．a(chǎn)fullunderstandingofthegapbetweendifferentsocialclasses正確答案：B解析：本題是推理題，考查對(duì)第三段最后一句話的理解，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：…bywriterswithscantknowledgeoftheneighbourhoodsinquestion…。58．LudiSimpson’sstudyshowedthat______.A．theclusterofmixedethnicgroupslikelygaverisetoethnictensionB．thePakistanigroupstendedtolivepeacefullymuchmorethanbeforeC．theMuslimcommunitymostlykeptseparatefromothercommunitiesD．thewishtoliveexclusivelywithone’sownethnicgroupswasamyth正確答案：D解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，考查第四段最后一句話的意思，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：Contrarytotheidea…。59．Theboldfacedword“containing”inthelastparagraphcanbestbereplacedbytheword”______.”A．controllingB．compromisingC．coveringD．considering正確答案：A解析：本題是詞匯題，考查第五段第三句話中delivering與containing兩個(gè)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系把握containin