自考英語(二)重點完整版講義-復(fù)習(xí)

2013年新版自學(xué)考試英語二講義Unit1語言的力量ThePowerofLanguageI.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.criticaladj.有判斷力的；判斷公正（或?qū)徤鳎┑?.non-fictionn.紀(jì)實文學(xué)3.positionn.觀點；態(tài)度；立場4.statementn.說明；說法；表態(tài)5.questionv.表示疑問；懷疑outofquestion/outofthequestion6.evaluatev.估計；評價；評估7.contextn.事情發(fā)生的背景，環(huán)境，來龍去脈8.valuen.values[pl.]是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；價值觀valuableinvaluable=pricelessvalueless9.representv.描述；表現(xiàn)representativeadj./n.10.assertionn.明確肯定；斷言11.sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的Sufficiencyinsufficient12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料13.integratev.（使）合并，成為一體14.authorityn.專家；學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威；泰斗an/theauthorityonsth.authorize15.comparev.比較；對比compareAwithBcompareAtoB16.subjectn.主題；題目；題材17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的18.inconsistencyn.不一致19.assumptionn.假定；假設(shè)20.casen.具體情況；事例incaseincaseoffireincasethat…acaseinpointconfirmed/suspectedcases21.directlyadv.直接地；徑直地22.identifyv.找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)23.validadj.符合邏輯的；合理的；確鑿的validityn.有效性，正確（性）invalid24.credibleadj.可信的；可靠的incredible=unbelievable25.landmarkn.（標(biāo)志重要階段的）里程碑26.relevantadj.緊密相關(guān)的；切題的relevancyn.關(guān)聯(lián)；恰當(dāng)irrelevant27.currentadj.現(xiàn)時發(fā)生的；當(dāng)前的28.appropriateadj.合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)膇nappropriateIt's(not)appropriatethat….29.biasn.偏見；偏心；偏向30.considerablyadv.非常；很；相當(dāng)多地considerconsideringconsiderableconsiderateconsideration31.Democratn.（美國）民主黨黨員，民主黨支持者民32.Republicann.（美國）共和黨黨員，共和黨支持者33.reflectv.顯示；表明；表達34.informedadj.有學(xué)問的；有見識的well-informedill-informedPhrasesandExpressions1.applyto使用；應(yīng)用2.putforth提出；產(chǎn)生3.take…intoaccount考慮到；顧及4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以為真5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持懷疑態(tài)度地II.TextLearningCriticalReading①(1)Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不僅僅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（啟下句）本部分重點及難點：1.Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.apply的派生詞：application,applicant,applicable②Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.(2)Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.(3)Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.本部分重點及難點：2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.sometime注意區(qū)分：sometime/sometimes/sometimes3.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.不論哪種情況，你必須注意并考慮你的價值觀和態(tài)度與作者所述的價值觀和態(tài)度有何不同。those是代詞，代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞valuesandattitudes。代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。例如：Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those【答案】B【解析】本題考查指代詞those/that的用法。英語句子中為了避免重復(fù)常使用代詞代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those；代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。本句中空格處要填的詞代替代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞necklace，故選A。此處that也可以換成theone?！局R點】指代詞those/that的用法③Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.④Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.(4)Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）本部分重點及難點：4.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.beconsistentwith與……一致consistvi.組成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.這和你先前告訴我的不符合。consist的派生詞：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.A．ofB．inC．a(chǎn)tD．with【答案】D【解析】本題考查consist的用法。consistof意為"由……組成"；consistin意為"在于"；consistwith意為"與……一致"，故選D。consistat不存在。該句的意思是"說實話，我真希望這次你的言行能一致"。【知識點】consist的用法⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.(5)Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上啟下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句）Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（啟下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.⑦Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.(6)AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.(7)Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."⑧Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.本部分重點及難點：5.Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.whatever引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，不能換成nomatterwhat。名詞性從句（主語，賓語，表語，同位語從句）中，"疑問詞ever"不能換成"nomatter+疑問詞"，狀語從句中可以換用。例如：Whoevercomestoourpartyiswelcome.（不能換成nomatterwho…）Hewilllendahelpinghandtowhoeverneedshishelp.(不能換)Hewillbuywhateverhissonwants.（不能換）Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.(能換成nomatterwhat…)6.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.likely在該句中是副詞likelyadj./adv.belikelytodosth.It'slikelythat…alikelyresultProfitwillmostlikelyhaverisenbyabout?2million.利潤極可能增加200萬英鎊左右。（副詞）likely的派生詞：unlikely,likelihood。例如：Thelikelihoodofinfectionisminimal.感染的可能性極小。7.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.abiasedpositionbebiasedto/toward(s)/against反義詞：unbiasedIII.部分練習(xí)講解P111BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動詞名詞形容詞副詞defineactionpowerfulinternallyexpresstearspersonalshapeshapegoodrespondtoLanguageisoneofthethingsthatsetsusapartasbeings,oneofthethingsthatessentially1definesusashumans.Whenlanguageisusedwellitcanelicitverydeepfeelinginothers,motivateothersto2actionanddefinethenatureofourrelationships.Sometimesinpoetrythejuxtaposition（并列）oftwowordsoracertainphrasecanbring3tearstotheeyes,callupawholehostofimageryandmoveusdeeply.Wehaveseenlanguagerecentlyusedinthepoliticsofpersuasion,usedfor4goodorill-dependingonyourviewpoint.Whenweuselanguageto5expressourtruefeelingstosomeoneitcanopenanddeepentheconnectionbetweenus.Languageisavery6powerfultool.Howweuselanguageshapesourworldboth7internallyandexternally.Howyouuseself-talk-whatyousaytoyourselfaboutyourselfandabouttheworlddirectly8shapes（塑造，使成形）yourexperienceofbothyourselfandtheworld.Howyoudelivercommunicationshapesthewaytheworld9respondstoyou.Wecanuselanguagemoreeffectivelyinbothspheres:internalandexternalanddirectlyinfluencethehealthandpowerofour10personalrelationshipsandourbusinessrelationships.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.confidencen.自信心；把握相關(guān)詞：confidentbeconfidentofsb./sth.have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.注意比較：confident/confidential2.programv.訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)3.masteryn.控制；駕馭4.destinyn.命運；天命；天數(shù)5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；驚人地；顯著地6.qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)7.subconsciousadj.下意識的；?意識的8.pleasev.使?jié)M意；使愉快9.commandn.（給人或動物的）命令10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地11.impactn.巨大影響；強大作用12.matterv.事關(guān)緊要；有重大影響13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的14.sensen.（對重大事情的）感覺，意識15.eliminatev.排除；清除；消除eliminateallgrammaticalmistakesbeeliminatedinthefirstround16.disempowerv.剝奪；使失去權(quán)利；剝奪力量注意構(gòu)詞法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，賦予）+poweren-/em-常見的動詞前綴，如：enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。empowerv.授權(quán)，賦予權(quán)利17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）18.limitv.限制；限定區(qū)分兩個名詞limit和limitation。Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife.Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge.Everyonehashisownlimitations.19.infiniteadj.極大的；無法衡量的相關(guān)詞：finite,finitely,infinitely20.stiflev.壓制；扼殺；阻止21.creativityn.創(chuàng)造力相關(guān)詞：create,creation,creator,creative,creatively22.internaladj.內(nèi)心的；頭腦中的23.insignificantadj.微不足道的；無足輕重的相關(guān)詞：significant,significance,significantly,insignificance24.commonlyadv.通常；常常25.alternativen.可供選擇的事物，替代物havenoalternativebuttodosth.Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema?26.fabulousadj.極好的；絕妙的PhrasesandExpressions1.carryout完成（任務(wù)）2.beupto取決于3.haveanimpacton/upon對…產(chǎn)生巨大影響4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉（字跡等）5.beincontrolof掌管；管理；控制II.TextLearningTheLanguageofConfidence1Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.2Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.(1)Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou."Try"3Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.(2)Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?Doyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"?4Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,"I'lltryto…"andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.5(3)Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.（承上句）本部分重點及難點：1.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.它渴望取悅，樂意聽從你給它的任何命令，而你是有意還是無意地做這些完全取決于你。(1)carryoutcommands執(zhí)行命令(2)beuptosb.取決于某人例如：It'suptoyouwhetherwegothereornot.2.Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?matterv.beimportant例如：Aslongasstaffaresmart,itdoesnotmatterhowlongtheirhairis.員工只要聰明，頭發(fā)留多長沒什么關(guān)系。Itmattersalotwhetheryoucometomybirthdaypartyornot.3.Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?theformer…thelatter…"Can't"6Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.(4)Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.本部分重點及難點：4.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.(1)infinite的詞根是finite，其它相關(guān)詞：finitely,infinitely,finiteness/finity,infiniteness/infinity。(2)creativity的詞根是create。注意區(qū)分兩個名詞：creation/creativity。請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】3.選擇括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空：Asmallwordlike"can't"limitsour______(finite)abilitiesanddiscourages_______(create).A．finite,creatingB．finite,creationC．infinite,creativityD．infinite,creation【答案】C【解析】本題考查finite及create的派生詞。第一個空格要填的詞作abilities的定語，故選擇形容詞；第二個空格要填的詞作discourage的賓語，根據(jù)句義"can't這樣的小詞限制了我們無限的能力并壓制了我們的創(chuàng)造性"，故選C?！局R點】finite及create的派生詞7Insteadofsayingyoucan't,whynotsaysomethinglike"Ichoose（愿意）…"or"Ichoosenotto…".Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.8Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheycanhaveadeepandlastingeffectonus.(5)Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.9Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.（承上句）(6)Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!（承上句）本部分重點及難點：5.Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.give…thepower相當(dāng)于empower，該句等于Masteringyourlanguageempowersyoutolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.6.Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!讓這些替代詞不僅使你對自己感覺良好，而且使你對生活、對你所做的事情感覺無限美好吧！(1)make在這里接名詞作賓補，即makesb./sth.sth.，再如：Wemadehimourmonitor.(2)makeyoufeelfabulous，make接dosth.作賓補。(3)notonly…but(also)…Unit2MistakestoSuccessI.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.spillv.（使）灑出，潑出，溢出2.respondv.作出反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)respondto…response3.interviewv.（媒體）采訪，訪問4.creativeadj.創(chuàng)作的5.occurv.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)Itoccurredtomethat…6.removev.拿開；去掉7.refrigeratorn.冰箱8.gripn.緊握；緊抓9.slipperyadj.滑的；滑得抓不?。ɑ蛘静环€(wěn)、難以行走）10.contentn.所容納之物；所含之物11.veritableadj.十足的；名副其實的；不折不扣的12.yellv.叫喊；大喊；吼叫13.lecturen.（冗長的）教訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)斥，譴責(zé)14.messn.骯臟；雜亂；不整潔15.rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常rareanimals/stampsRarelyishelateforclass.16.puddlen.水洼；小水坑17.eventually最后；終于18.restorev.使復(fù)原；使復(fù)位；使復(fù)職19.spongen.海綿塊20.effectivelyadv.有效地effectiveineffective注意區(qū)分：effective/efficient21.tinyadj.極小的；微小的22.discoverv.了解到；認(rèn)識到；查明discovery23.graspv.抓緊；抓牢24.lipn.（容器或凹陷地方的)邊，邊沿25.renownedadj.有名的；聞名的；受尊敬的26.remarkv.談?wù)?；評論27.opportunityn.機會；時機28.scientificadj.科學(xué)（上）的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的sciencescientist例如：Themedicalscienceismakinggreatprogressinthetreatmentofcancer.Youshouldprovidescientificevidenceinsteadofsubjectiveevidencetoprovethistheoryholdswater.Severalworld-renownedscientistswillbeinvitedtoattendtheforum.29.valuableadj.很有用的；很重要的；寶貴的PhrasesandExpressions1.inthismanner用這種方式2.set…apartfrom區(qū)別；使與眾不同II.TextLearningSpiltMilk①Haveyouheardofthestoryaboutsplitmilk?(1)Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoversplitmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespondinthismanner.②Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientist（研究科學(xué)家，高級研究員）whohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.(2)Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?③Herespondedthat,inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.(3)Hehadbeentryingtorioveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-averitableseaofmilk!④Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofyellingathim,givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,"(4)Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?"⑤Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid，"Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?"hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.⑥Hismotherthensaid,"Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let'sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit."(5)Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!（承上總結(jié)句）⑦(6)Therenownedscientistriarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.(7)Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment"doesn'twork,"weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.⑧(8)Wouldn'titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?本文重點及難點：1.Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoversplitmilk.There/Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。2.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?(1)whoaskedwhy…fromothers定語從句，修飾先行詞anewspaperreporter。(2)whyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson和whatsethimsofarapartfromothers都是ask的直接賓語。(3)theaverageperson普通人(4)sethimsofarapartfromothers使他特別有別于他人，使他和別人有很大不同。far在這里是副詞，加強程度。注意區(qū)分：sofar迄今為止，到目前為止。相當(dāng)于bynow,uptonow,asyet。Sofarhehasmasteredfiveforeignlanguages.3.Hehadbeentryingtorioveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-averitableseaofmilk!他試圖從冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，卻沒有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶灑得廚房滿地都是--白花花的一片。4.Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!感嘆句。注意what和how的區(qū)別：Whataslowerwalkerheis!Howslowlyheiswalking!5.Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.(1)graspthebottleatthetopv.+sb./sth.+介詞+the+身體部位/衣服(2)withoutdroppingit作狀語。再如：Tomleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.Heranout(without)sayingagood.6.Therenownedscientistriarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.賓語從句是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)itwas…that…。注意區(qū)分強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和it作形式主語或普通代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Itwasinthisparkthattheyfirstmeteachother.Itwasthisparkwhere/inwhichtheyfirstmeteachother.Itisimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguagewell.7.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.相反，他認(rèn)識到錯誤正是學(xué)習(xí)新東西的機會，畢竟任何科學(xué)實驗都是如此。8.Wouldn'titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?該句是個反問句，相當(dāng)于語氣很強烈的肯定句。(1)thewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim作狀語，相當(dāng)于intheway…。再如：Helearnedmoneywasnoteverythingthehardway.(2)thewaysb.does/didsth.某人做某事的方式Ilikethewayshedressesherself.Peopledon'tthewayhetalks.III.部分練習(xí)講解P128BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞fearfearunavoidablewiselywithoutsothatreachsuccessunderaslongasreachbetweenLotsofpeopledon'tdaretomakemistakes.They1fearthattheywillberidiculedorblamedbyothers.Theyfearthattheywilllosetheirmoneyandbelongingsorbe2underalotofstress.Butrisksare3unavoidableandtheydopavethewayyoumusttread（踩，踏）upontowards4succcess.Haveyoueverheardofsomeonewhoachievessuccess5withoutmakinganymistakesbefore?Soitisonlynaturalthatmakingmistakesinyoureffortto6reachyourdreamsisconsideredamust,andyoushouldn'tworryaboutthatasyoumaygetalotofadvantagesoutofyourmistakes.Bymakingmistakesatleastyouthencandistinguish7betweenthecorrectandtheincorrectportionsofwhatyoudid.AnthonyD'Angelosaid:"Inordertosucceedyoumustfail,8sothatyouknowwhattodothenexttime",andRobertLouisStevensonevenwenttotheextremeastosay:"Ourbusinessinlifeisnottosucceed,buttocontinuetofailingoodspirits（精神抖擻，情緒高昂）."Youneedn'tworryaboutanything9aslongasyoukeepongoingby10wiselylearningfromyourmistakesandtryingevenharder.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.glancen.瞥一眼；匆匆一看；掃視2.touchn.修飾；潤色；裝點3.frostn.給（糕餅）覆上糖霜4.aestheticadj.審美的；有審美觀點的；美學(xué)的5.triumphn.巨大成功；偉大勝利6.lumpyadj.多塊狀物的；為塊狀物覆蓋的7.frostingn.糖霜（用以裝飾糕餅等）8.blendern.（電動）食物攪拌器9.fixingsn.[pl.]（菜肴的）配料10.requisiteadj.必需的；必備的；必不可少的11.utensiln.（家庭）用具，器皿12.phoenixn.（傳說中的）鳳凰，長生鳥13.cluttern.雜亂的東西（尤指不需要的或無用的）；雜亂14.presentv.把…交給；頒發(fā)；授予注意作為動詞和名詞時的發(fā)音差別。再如：import,export,record,produce等。15.anniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念日16.flashn.閃光；閃耀17.positionv.安裝；安置；使處于18.slidev.(使)快捷而悄聲地移動19.explodev.突然爆發(fā)，進發(fā)（感情）explosionexplosiven.炸藥adj.爆炸性的20.slipv.悄悄疾行；溜21.flipv.（開）；按（按鈕）22.trumpetv.發(fā)出喇叭聲23.gesturev.做手勢；用手勢表示24.grandlyadv.驕傲地；自負(fù)地25.slightlyadv.略微；稍微26.off-balanceadj.不平衡的；不穩(wěn)定的27.layern.層；表層28.inspectionn.檢查；查看；審視29.moanv.抱怨30.interjectv.打斷（別人的講話）；插話31.gentlyadv.溫柔地；溫和地；和緩地32.disastern.災(zāi)難；不幸；徹底失敗33.stormv.氣呼呼地疾走34.slamv.（使…）砰地關(guān)上slamthedoorshut35.silentlyadv.悄悄地；靜靜地silentsilencev./n.36.moistadj.微濕的；濕潤的moisturen.37.sufferv.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦，受難，受折磨sufferpain(s)/torture(s)/losses/failuressufferfromasplittingheadache38.occasionaladj.偶然的；臨時的occasionoccasionally39.issuen.重要議題；爭論的問題40.significancen.(尤指對將來有影響的)重要性，意義significantsignificantly41.stuffn.（事物名稱不詳、無關(guān)緊要或所指事物明顯時用）東西，物品，玩意兒42.awfullyadv.非常；極其43.troublesomeadj.令人煩惱的；令人痛苦的44.deservev.值得；應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受45.frustrationn.令人懊喪（或懊惱、沮喪）的事物frustratev.frustratedadj.46.carpetn.地毯47.emergev.露頭；顯現(xiàn)區(qū)分兩個名詞：emergence/emergency48.dignityn.自豪；自尊；自重indignityn.侮辱，輕蔑，無禮舉動49.sanitationn.環(huán)境衛(wèi)生50.sacrificen.犧牲；舍棄sacrificeAforBmakeself-sacrifice51.tenderadj.易損壞的；纖弱的；脆弱的52.responsibilityn.責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)responsible(tosb./forsth.)irresponsibleresponsibly53.occasionallyadv.偶然；偶爾；有時候54.consequencen.結(jié)果；后果PhrasesandExpressions1.fromscratch從頭開始，從零開始2.runoutof用完，耗盡3.stayup熬夜II.TextLearningTheCake1Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.2"Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,"shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouches（最后潤色，收尾工作）onthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.(1)Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,andtobehonest,itwasn'texactlyanaesthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.本部分重點及難點：1.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,…注意本句的時態(tài)。It/This/Thatwillbethefirsttimetheyhavemeteachother.It/This/ThatisthethirdtimehehasseenanEnglishfilm.It/This/Thatwasthelasttimehehaddonesuchastrangething.請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】4.TheywillgotoAmericanextmonth.Thatwillbethefirsttimethatthey______America.A．willvisitB．hadvisitedC．willhavevisitedD．havevisited【答案】D【解析】本題考查重要結(jié)構(gòu)It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/…timethat…中的時態(tài)。該句型要注意時態(tài)的一致。即：主句為一般將來或一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時；主句為一般過去時，從句用過去完成時。本句中主句為一般將來時，故選擇D。【知識點】重要結(jié)構(gòu)It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/…timethat…中的時態(tài)3Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imagineahugeblenderfilledwithallthefixingsforchocolatecake-includingtherequisitebowls,pansandutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderisturnedon.Highspeed.Withthelidoff.Doyougettheidea?4ButCindywasn'tthinkingaboutthemess.Shehadcreatedsomething,averitablephoenixofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.(2)Shewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothi.Sheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedexcitedlyinthedarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedherselfinthekitchendoorway.(3)Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.5(4)Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.Sheflippedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:"Ta-daaa!"Shegesturedgrandlytowardthekitchentable,whereaslightlyoff-balancetwo-layerchocolatecakeawaitedtheirinspection.6Buthermother'seyesnevermadeitallthewaytothetable."Justlookatthismess!"shemoaned."HowmanytimeshaveItalkedtoyouaboutcleaningupafteryourself?"7"ButMom,Iwasonly…"8"Ishouldmakeyoucleanthisuprightnow,butI'mtootiredtostayupwithyoutomakesureyougetitdoneright,"hermothersaid.(5)"Soyou'lldoitfirstthinginthemorning."本部分重點及難點：2.Shewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothi.beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事3.Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.當(dāng)聽到鑰匙插進門鎖的聲音時，她的心幾乎要蹦出來了！4.Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.wouldhavenoneofit不接受，不允許5."Soyou'lldoitfirstthinginthemorning."firstthinginthemorning早上第一件事Hebrusheshisteethfirstthinginthemorningeveryday.9"Honey,"Cindy'sfatherinterjectedgently,"takealookatthetable."10"Iknow-it'samess,"hiswifesaidcoldly."Thewholekitchen