2024年人教版高一英語(yǔ)同步講義（必修第三冊(cè)）Unit 4 Space Exploration：重要題型專練（原卷版）

Unit4SpaceExploration重要題型專練一、閱讀選擇ARoyalfamilygatheratWindsorCastleforfirstEasterSundayservicewithouttheQueenonApril9th.Attendeesandmembersoftheroyalfamilyworeavarietyofstylishhatsthroughouttheceremony.Itisarequirementforallwomentowearhatsonroyaloccasions.Thisruledatesbacktothe1950swhenupperclassandroyalwomenwouldrarelyshowtheirhairinpublic,accordingtotheBBC．Hatswereoriginallywornforpracticalreasonssuchasprotectionfromthesun,rainorcoldweather,butquicklypeopleworethemforotherpurposes.Thetophat,forexample,wasreservedforupper-classmenandwaswornatformaleventssuchasweddingsandhorseraces.Womenalsousedhatstosignifysocialstatus,wealthandfashion.Thelargerthehat,thewealthierthewearerwasbelievedtobe.Inadditiontostatus,hatsplayedanimportantroleinBritishsocialetiquette.Menwereexpectedtoremovetheirhatsindoors,especiallyinformalsettings,toshowrespect.Women,ontheotherhand,weretoweartheirhatsuntilseatedfordinner,butthentheywereexpectedtoremovethem.Buthatswerenotalwaysasymbolofstatusandetiquette.Thebowlerhat,createdin1849,waswornbytheworkingclass,especiallythoseinvolvedintransportation.ThebowlerhatbecameaniconicitemofBritishfashion,wornbybothmenandwomen.Today,hatscontinuetobeanessentialpartofBritishculture,withmanyoldandnewhatshopsthroughoutthecountry.Thefedoraisalsomakingacomebackamongyoungergen-erations.ShoppinginhatshopsprovidesyouwithaglimpseofBritishhat.Caps,trilbies,beanies,andberetsarejustsomeofthestylesavailable.1．WhatisthesignificanceofthetophatinBritishculture?A．Itwaswornbytheworkingclass.B．Itwasapersonalstatementoffashion.C．Itwasusedtoprotectpeoplefromtherain.D．Itwaswornatformaleventsandsignifiedwealth.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“etiquette”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Routine. B．Practice. C．Manners. D．Origin.3．WhichhatwaspopularamongpostmenandtraindriversinBritain?A．Tophat. B．Fedora. C．Bowlerhat. D．Beret.4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToattractmorevisitorstoBritain.B．TointroducethehatcultureinBritish.C．ToshowhisorheropinionsonBritishhats.D．TotellaninterestingstoryaboutBritishhats.B“It’sraining.It’spouring.Theoldmanissnoring(打鼾).Hebumpedhisheadwhenhewenttobed,andhecouldn’tgetupinthemorning.”Whycouldn’ttheoldmaninthechildren’ssonggetup?(Let’skindlysupposethathejustdidn’twanttogetup)Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebodywasstillproducingthehotmon(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.Buthowmuchdoesrainreallyaffectpeople’smoodsandbehavior?In2008,researchersfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaandLanzhouUniversitypublishedapaper.Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.Buthowmightrainaffectsocialbehaviorinthemodernworld?A2009NewYorkTimesinvestigationfoundthatmurderratesinNewYorkdropsignificantlyonrainydays.Meanwhile,inBritain,DrPeterLangmeadJonesofGreaterManchesterpolicepublishedastudyin2015detailingananalysisof6.6millionpolicerecordsoveronedecadeinManchester.“Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowertherecordedcrime,”hesaid.LangmeadJonesalsofoundthatthereisastrongassociationbetweenheavyrainandrelativelyfewviolentcrimesrecordedincludingdomesticabuse(家庭暴力).Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.It’snotallgoodnewsthough.Onestudyin1997concludedthatthebehaviorofchildrencanpredictoncomingstorms—theywereobservedtoexhibittheirworstbehaviorwhenbarometric(氣壓的)pressurefell.Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomenaremuchmorelikelytobeaffectedpsychologicallybyrainandthattheyreportmuchlowerlevelsoflifesatisfactionthanmenonrainydays.Forallthecomplaintsaboutrain,itdoeshavesomecharacteristicsthatholdbroadappeal.Thesoundofraindropscanbeverycomfortingandoftenfeaturesinsleep-inducingrelaxationapps.Thetheorybehindthisisthatthepitterpatterofraindropsisaformof“pinknoise”.Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.Soifit’srainingwhereyouare,thebestthingtodomaybetohaveanap.5．Theauthorusesthelyricsofasonginthefirstparagraphto________.A．introducetheinterestingsongtoreadersB．voicehisunderstandingofwhytheoldmancouldn’tgetuinthemorningC．illustrateonewaythatwetweatherinfluenceshumanbehaviorD．explainwhypeopleoftengetuplateonrainydays6．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Success. B．Prosperity. C．Failure. D．Development.7．AccordingtoDrPeterLangmeadJones,relativelyfewcrimesarerecordedonrainydaysbecause________.A．peopleprefertotakeanapathomewhenit’sraining B．mostpeoplearedepressedonrainydaysC．peoplearetoolazytogooutwhenit’sraining D．a(chǎn)lcoholconsumptionisreducedduetowetweather8．Accordingtothearticle,theinfluencesthatrainydayshaveonhumanbehaviorinclude________.①decreasedgrainoutput

②relativelyfewcriminalrecords③higherchanceoffeelinglowinspirits

④morepossibilityoffeelingsleepyA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④CSkin:TheBody’sCanvasIfyoucouldtakeoffyourskinandlayitflat,itwouldcoveranareaofabout1.9squaremeters.Skinis,byfar,thebody’slargestorgan.Coveringalmosttheentirebody,skinprotectsusfromavarietyofexternalforces.Forexample,itprotectsusfromextremesoftemperature,damagingsunlight,harmfulchemicals,anddangerousinfections.Skinisalsopackedwithnerves,whichkeepsthebrainintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Thehealthofourskinanditsabilitytoperformitsprotectivefunctionsarecrucialtoourwell-being.However,theappearanceofourskinisequally-ifnotmore-importanttomanypeopleonthisplanet.Takeskincolor,forexample.Yourgenesdetermineyourskin’scolor,butforcenturies,humanshavetriedtolightenordarkentheirskininanattempttobemoreattractive.Inthe1800s,whiteskinwasdesirableformanyEuropeans.Skinthiscolormeantthatitsownerwasamemberoftheupperclassanddidnothavetoworkinthesun.Amongdarker-skinnedpeopleinsomepartsoftheworld,productsusedtolightenskinarestillpopulartoday.Duringthe20thcentury,attitudestowardlightskinshiftedintheoppositedirectioninothercultures,ascitiesgrewandworkmovedindoors.Tannedskinbegantoindicateleisuretimeandhealth.Inmanyplacestoday,tanningonthebeachorinasalonremainspopular,eventhoughpeoplearemoreawareofthedangersofUVrays.IdentityandStatusJustaspeoplehavealteredtheirskin’scolortodenotewealthandbeauty,sotoohaveculturesaroundtheglobemarkedtheirskintoindicateculturalidentityorcommunitystatus.Tattooing,forexample,hasbeencarriedoutforthousandsofyears.LeadersinplacesincludingancientEgypt,Britain,andPeruworetattoostomarktheirstatus,ortheirbravery.Today,amongtheMaoripeopleofNewZealandaswellasinculturesinSamoa,Tahiti,andBorneo,full-facialtattoosarestillusedtoidentifythewearerasamemberofacertainfamily.Thesetattooscanalsosymbolizetheperson’sachievementsinlife.InJapan,tattooinghasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears,butwasoutlawedinthe19thcentury.Althoughtherearenolawsagainstittoday,tattoosarestillstronglyassociatedwithcriminals-particularlytheyakuza,ortheJapanesemafia,whoareknownfortheirfull-bodytattoos.Thecomplexdesignofayakuzamember’stattoousuallyincludessymbolsofcharactertraitsthatthewearerwantstohave.Theprocessofgettingafull-bodytattooisbothslowandpainfulandcantaketwoyearsormoretocomplete.Insomecultures,scarring-amarkingcausedbycuttingorburningtheskin-ispracticed,usuallyamongpeoplewhohavedarkerskinonwhichatattoowouldbedifficulttosee.FormanymeninWestAfrica,forinstance,scarringisariteofpassage-anactthatsymbolizesthatamalehasmaturedfromachildintoanadult.InAustralia,amongsomenativepeoples,cutsaremadeontheskinofbothmenandwomenwhentheyreachage16or17.Withoutthese,theyweretraditionallynotpermittedtotrade,singceremonialsongs,orparticipateinotheractivities.Notallskinmarkingsarepermanent,though.IncountriessuchasMoroccoandIndia,womendecoratetheirskinwithcolorfulhennadesignsforcelebrationssuchasweddingsandimportantreligiousholidays.Thehennacoloring,whichcomesfromaplant,fadesanddisappearsovertime.Inrecentyearsinmanyindustrializednations,tattooing,henna(散沫花染料)bodyart,and,toalesserdegree,scarringhavebeengaininginpopularity.Whatmakesthesepracticesappealingtothoselivinginmoderncities?AccordingtophotographerChrisRainier,whosebookAncientMarksexaminesbodymarkingsaroundtheglobe,peoplearelookingforaconnectionwiththetraditionalworld.“Thereisawholesectorofmodernsociety-peopleinsearchofidentity,peopleinsearchofmeaning,”saysRainier.“Hence,therehasbeenahugeexplosionoftattooingandbodymarking.”Rainierreasonsthatit’s“mankindwantingidentity,wantingasenseofplaceandasenseofculturewithintheircommunity.”9．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A．Skincoversabout20squarefeet.B．Skincanbedamagedbysunlight’sultravioletrays.C．Skinisaveryimportantpartofthebody.D．Skincontainsmanynervecells.10．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Totellwhyskincolorwassociallyimportantinthe1800sB．ToexplainchangingattitudestowardsskincolorC．TomaketheconnectionbetweendarkskinandworkingoutdoorsD．Toexplainwhyindoortanningsalonsarepopular11．Inparagraph5,whatisariteofpassage?A．a(chǎn)ceremonywhenchildrengettattoosB．a(chǎn)timewhenwomensingceremonialsongsC．a(chǎn)specialholidayonthefullmoonD．a(chǎn)neventmarkinganimportanttransitioninlife12．WhichstatementwouldChrisRainiermostlylikelyagreewith?A．Peoplewhogettattoosareseekingidentityandtradition.B．Employersarenotsupportiveofworkerswithbodyart.C．Peoplelookingforidentityshouldwearethnicclothing.D．Inindustrializednations,fewerpeoplehavebodymarkingsDThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoever--allitisisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisinvisible.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.Howcanweseemusic?Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)useMRImachinestolookinsidethebrain.Thesetoolsletthemseetheneurons,orbraincells,whichareinusewhenpeoplearelisteningtomusic.ComputerscreenslinkedtoMRIsshowthatwhenpeoplelistentomusic,neuronslightupinmanypartsofthebrain.Neuroscientistshavedscoveredthatitisn’tnecessarytohearmusicfortheneuronstolightup.Evenwhenyoujustthinkaboutasong,theseneuronslightup.Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.Negativefeelingssuchasfearoranxietymakeneuronsinadifferentarealightup.However,whenananxiousorfrightenedpersonlistenstopleasurablemusic,theseneuronsstoplightingup.Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.Accordingtoneuroscientists,usingmanypartsofthebrainatonetimegivesyourbrainagood“workout.”Readingmusicwhileplayingamusicalinstrumentusesmorepartsofthebrainsimultaneously(同時(shí)地)thanmostotheractivities.Itinvolvesbothphysicalmovementandmentalactivity,muchlikeplayingasportsuchassoccer.So,althoughMobyiscompletelycorrectthatwecannottouchmusic,itispossibleto“see”music.Thereisstillalottolearnabouttheeffectsofmusiconourbrain.However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.13．WhydoestheauthormentionMoby’sword?A．Todefinewhatmusicis.B．Tocallpeople’sattentiontomusic.C．Tointroducethestudyofseeingmusic.D．Toconfirmtheinvisiblefeatureofmusic.14．Inwhatsituationwilltheneuronslinkingtohappinessprobablylightup?A．Whenyouareworriedaboutyourexam.B．Whenyouarebusywithyourpresentation.C．Whenyouenjoyyourfavoritebrandofcoffee.D．Whenyoumissthedeadlineofyourhomework.15．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofmusicoversports.B．Thereasonsforthebenefitsofmusic.C．Thecausesoftheneuronslightingup.D．Thevarioushealingfunctionsofmusic.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardseffectsofmusic?A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．Dismissive.二、七選五Spaceiswhereourfutureis—tripstotheMoon,Marsandbeyond.Mostpeoplewouldthinkthatapartfromcomets(彗星)andstars,thereislittleelseoutthere.17Scientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedintheyearof1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperating.18However,sinceitkeptorbitingaroundtheEarthwithoutanyresults,scientistsbecameincreasinglycomfortableabandoningthingsthatnolongerservedanyusefulpurposeinspace.19Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemillion-dollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravellingspaceship.Inadditiontothis,manypiecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.20Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.21Theywillstoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.A．Itlostitsconnectionwiththegroundcentre.B．Toavoidthis,scientistshaveinventedseveralwaysforclearingthesky.C．ThejunkfloatsslowlyaroundtheEarth.D．However,sinceourspacejourneystarted,wehaveleftmuchtrashinspace.E．Itissaidthattherearenowover500,000piecesofman-madetrashorbitingtheEarthatspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour.F．Futureplansincludeacooperativeeffortamongmanynations.G．Ithasn’tresultedinanyseriousproblemsuptonow.三、完形填空Theearthquake（地震）wasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomewhenallthe22hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI23anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart24.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,"Pleaseuseour25."Hewas26hishouseforpeopletogotothebathroom.Myfriend,whowantedtobeofhelptoothers,stoodinthecoldwithasign"Ifyoudon't27acar,I'llbegladtodriveyouhome."AndthenIsawhimpickupanoldmananddrivehimallthewaytoafarawayplace!ThennextdayIdrovetohavemycarfilledup.Therewasnotenough28nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhavevery29lines.Igotworried,sinceIwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmyturncame,themansmiledandsaid,"30thisterribleearthquake,weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright?""31.It'snicethatweareallabletoshare,"Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchcomfort.AttheescapecentreIsawaman32whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircentre.However,afterhecleanedupthetears,hisnext33surprisedme."Iamvery34thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven't35anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcentreaswell."Hearingthat,Ibelievedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis36.22．A．life B．business C．rescue D．traffic23．A．noticed B．missed C．ignored D．told24．A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty25．A．hotel B．toilet C．hospital D．car26．A．opening B．selling C．repairing D．building27．A．buy B．care C．matter D．have28．A．gas B．information C．food D．water29．A．direct B．fine C．long D．thin30．A．Exceptfor B．Togetherwith C．Insteadof D．Becauseof31．A．Notatall B．Ofcourse C．Noway D．Nevermind32．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing33．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises34．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud35．A．bought B．wasted C．prepared D．received36．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．centre四、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DumplingsarethemostessentialandpopularfoodforChinesepeople,especiallyinnorthernChina.Thereisalegend(傳說)forthis37(tradition)food.ZhangZhongjing,afamousmedicalscientistattheendoftheEasternHanDynasty,foundthathisfellow-townsmensufferedfromcoldnessandhungerinwinter.Even38(bad),manyofthemhadterriblechilblains(凍瘡)intheears.OntheWinterFestival,hecookedfoodnamedJiaoErwithafillingofmedicineandotheringredients39(feed)thesepeople,andtheyrecoveredsoon.Nowadays,therearedifferent40(custom)insouthernandnorthernChina.Asapopularsaying41(go)innorthernChina,“HavedumplingsforWinterSolstice(冬至)andnoodlesforSummerSolstice”.Sincethen,dumplingshavebeen42mustforthiswinterfestival.43youhappentobeinChinaontheday,gototherestaurantearly,ortherewillbenodumplings44(leave).However,sweetdumplings(元宵)aremorepopularforpeopleinsouthernChina.45theirmind,theroundshapeofsweetdumplingsrepresentsfamilyreunion.Besides,it’ssaidthatinsomeareas,peoplealsohavemutton,noodlesordrinkalcoholfor46(celebrate).五、書面表達(dá)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenDonaldCrouchfirstencounteredJiminhisEnglishclassinruralMichigan,hesawanunhappyboy,who’dgonedeepintoacocoon(繭)ofsilence.DonaldmighthaveassumedthatJimwasboredoruninterestedorevenbackward.Certainly,heappearedtobeallofthosethings.Buttherewassomethingintheyoungboythatlitupwh