北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（A卷） 含解析

豐臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)高二英語(yǔ)(A卷)考試時(shí)間：90分鐘第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewlesstrustingandquitted___1___anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn’tfinishhomework,Ineveraskedwhy.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe___2___IthoughtIwanted.Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme.“CouldItalktoyou?”heasked___3___.“Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’m___4___becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”Hethenlookedupatmeforthefirsttime.“It’sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.Often,theycryalot,andit’shardformeto___5___...”Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe___6___.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”Henoddedhard.Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery___7___:·Thepowercompany___8___ourlightsbecausewecouldn’tpaythebill.·Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.·Wedon’thaveanypaperinthehouse.Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare___9___.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”_____10_____betterthan“Noexcuse!”1.A.inventing B.finding C.accepting D.offering2.A.reputation B.benefit C.experience D.praise3.A.loudly B.shyly C.curiously D.eagerly4.A.poor B.mean C.lazy D.weak5.A.behave B.concentrate C.struggle D.compete6.A.question B.tune C.process D.thought7.A.complex B.moving C.cool D.real8.A.brokedown B.putout C.cutoff D.shutout9.A.disciplined B.peaceful C.traditional D.supportive10.A.works B.feels C.understands D.controls【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者作為老師，對(duì)任何沒(méi)有交作業(yè)的學(xué)生都不接受理由，但是安東尼改變了她，讓她開(kāi)始學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)學(xué)生，也意識(shí)到傾聽(tīng)比不讓孩子找借口更有效?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我變得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A.inventing發(fā)明；B.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.accepting接受；D.offering提供。根據(jù)上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故選C。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很快就獲得了我認(rèn)為我想要的聲譽(yù)。A.reputation名聲，名譽(yù)；B.benefit益處，好處；C.experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.praise表?yè)P(yáng)。根據(jù)上文“Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.”推知，學(xué)生不完成作業(yè)的情況有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老師”的聲譽(yù)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我能和你談?wù)剢?？”他害羞地?wèn)。A.loudly大聲地；B.shyly害羞地；C.curiously好奇地；D.eagerly迫切地。根據(jù)下文“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”可知，男孩常常沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)，因此和老師說(shuō)話時(shí)應(yīng)該是害羞的。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我知道你說(shuō)沒(méi)有借口，但我不想讓你認(rèn)為我很懶，因?yàn)槲医?jīng)常不帶作業(yè)來(lái)。”A.poor貧窮的，可憐的；B.mean吝嗇的；C.lazy懶惰的；D.weak虛弱的，差的。根據(jù)“becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”推知，男孩不希望作者因?yàn)樗３２蛔鲎鳂I(yè)就認(rèn)為他懶惰。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我媽媽晚上工作，所以我必須照顧我的小弟弟。他們經(jīng)常哭，我很難集中注意力……”A.behave舉止；B.concentrate集中注意力；C.struggle掙扎；D.compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)“Often,theycryalot”可知，弟弟們的哭聲讓男孩很難集中注意力。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我改變了問(wèn)題。A.question問(wèn)題；B.tune調(diào)子；C.process進(jìn)程，過(guò)程；D.thought想法。根據(jù)上文“Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.”和下文“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”可知，作者改變了自己原本打算問(wèn)男孩的問(wèn)題。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她們的故事不再令人發(fā)笑，所有的都非常真實(shí)。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.moving令人感動(dòng)的；C.cool酷的，涼爽的；D.real真的。呼應(yīng)上文“Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework”可知，現(xiàn)在孩子們沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)的原因都是真實(shí)的。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲覀兏恫黄鹳~單，電力公司把我們的燈關(guān)掉了。A.brokedown出故障；B.putout熄滅；C.cutoff切斷；D.shutout把……關(guān)在門(mén)外。根據(jù)“becausewecouldn’tpaythebill.”可知，因?yàn)楦恫黄痣娰M(fèi)，所以電力公司切斷電源，即關(guān)了燈。故選C。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我發(fā)現(xiàn)并非所有的孩子都來(lái)自可以給與他們幫助的家庭。A.disciplined遵守紀(jì)律的；B.peaceful和平的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.supportive給與幫助的，支持的。根據(jù)下文“Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.”推知，并非所有的孩子都來(lái)自可以給他們的學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助的家庭。故選D。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，我學(xué)會(huì)了“我會(huì)傾聽(tīng)”比“沒(méi)有借口”更有效!A.works工作，起作用，湊效；B.feels感覺(jué)；C.understands理解；D.controls控制。根據(jù)上文講述的故事可知，作者規(guī)定學(xué)生不能為沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)找借口，后來(lái)通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)，孩子們告訴了作者真實(shí)的原因，而不再是亂編的謊話。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為“我會(huì)傾聽(tīng)”比“沒(méi)有接口”更有效。故選A。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Emotionalintelligenceistheability____11____(understand),useandmanageyourownemotionsinpositivewaystorelievestress,communicateeffectively.Emotionalintelligencehelpsyoubuildstrongerrelationships,succeedatschoolandwork,andachieveyourcareerandpersonalgoals.Itcanalsohelpyoutoconnect____12____yourfeelings,turnintentionintoaction,andmakegooddecisions____13____(base)ondefiniteknowledgeorinformation.【答案】11.tounderstand12.with13.based【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了什么是情商和情商的作用?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：情商是一種理解、利用和管理自己情緒的能力，它能以積極的方式緩解壓力，有效溝通?？仗幮揎梩heability，用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填tounderstand?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：它還可以幫助你聯(lián)系自己感受，將意圖轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，并根據(jù)明確的知識(shí)或信息做出正確的決定。connectwith為固定短語(yǔ)，意思為：與……聯(lián)系。故填with。【13題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意同上。make為動(dòng)詞，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，表示做決定的方式，作狀語(yǔ)，bebasedon“依據(jù)”為固定短語(yǔ)，此處表示被動(dòng)，用過(guò)去分詞。故填based。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Forcenturies,people____14____(express)theirdeepfeelingtotheirlovedonesintheformofpoetry.Poemsaboutnature,____15____expressthepoet’sappreciationofthebeautyintheworld,arealsocommon.____16____(sad),manypoemshavealsobeenwrittentoexpressangeratthedestructionofnatureandreactionstohorrificeventslikewaranddeath.【答案】14.haveexpressed15.which16.Sadly【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章對(duì)詩(shī)歌的常見(jiàn)主題進(jìn)行了介紹?！?4題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們一直以詩(shī)歌的形式表達(dá)對(duì)所愛(ài)之人的深情。根據(jù)“Forcenturies”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，故填haveexpressed?！?5題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：關(guān)于自然的詩(shī)也很常見(jiàn)，這些詩(shī)表達(dá)了詩(shī)人對(duì)世界之美的欣賞。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞為poems，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：可悲的是，許多詩(shī)歌也表達(dá)了對(duì)自然破壞的憤怒，以及對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和死亡等恐怖事件的反應(yīng)。此處作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)用副詞sadly表示“可悲的是”。句首首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Sadly。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Afterearningamaster’sdegreein2016,HuangWenxiureturnedtoBaise,herhometown,insteadof____17____(seek)acareerinBeijing.“Icomefromaremotemountainousvillage.Quiteanumberoffolks____18____(struggle)withpovertythere,soallIwishistodomyparttoimprovetheirlives,”sheoncesaid.Sheinvitedexpertstotellthevillagers____19____theycouldimproveproduction.Shepersuadedthevillagerstoexpandtheplantingarea.Meanwhile,somevillagers____20____(encourage)tostarte-commercesales.418peoplefrom88householdswereoutofpovertythankstoherefforts.【答案】17.seeking18.arestruggling##havebeenstruggling19.how20.wereencouraged【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了黃文秀回到自己家鄉(xiāng)百色，幫助家鄉(xiāng)擺脫貧困的故事。【17題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：2016年獲得碩士學(xué)位后，黃文秀沒(méi)有選擇在北京尋求職業(yè)發(fā)展，而是回到了她的家鄉(xiāng)百色。空處為介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，所以用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填seeking。【18題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在那里很多人與貧困作斗爭(zhēng)，所以我所有的希望就是盡自己的一份力量來(lái)改善他們的生活。本句話為直接引語(yǔ)，空處在句中為謂語(yǔ)，所以時(shí)態(tài)可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；也可以表示一直以來(lái)都在發(fā)生，且還將持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句子主語(yǔ)“anumberoffolks”為復(fù)數(shù)含義。故填arestruggling/havebeenstruggling。【19題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她邀請(qǐng)專(zhuān)家告訴村民們?nèi)绾翁岣弋a(chǎn)量?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作從句中的方式狀語(yǔ)，所以用連接副詞how，表示“如何隔提高產(chǎn)量”。故填how?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：與此同時(shí)，一些村民被鼓勵(lì)開(kāi)展電子商務(wù)銷(xiāo)售?？仗帪榫渥拥闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)“somevillagers”和該動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且描述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereencouraged。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，共38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm’sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.Warmly,AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTerm21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonors B.AcademicImmersion C.SummerChallenge D.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.What’sAmandaNelson’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A.Toevaluateasummercamp. B.Topromotepre-collegeprograms.C.Torecommenduniversitycourses. D.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一封AmandaNelson寫(xiě)給同學(xué)的信，信中介紹了BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開(kāi)設(shè)的四個(gè)的項(xiàng)目的情況?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中榮譽(yù)課程是一個(gè)為期六周的住宿或在線課程，學(xué)生參加BAC大學(xué)的本科課程，并獲得多達(dá)8個(gè)可轉(zhuǎn)換的大學(xué)學(xué)分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜歡在線課程的11年級(jí)學(xué)生可以選擇高中榮譽(yù)課程。故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.(今年夏天，我們提供三個(gè)AIM課程：實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)導(dǎo)論，醫(yī)學(xué)導(dǎo)論和創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作。所有三個(gè)軌道結(jié)合課堂工作與實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)式學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng))”可知，學(xué)生可以在AIM中獲得知識(shí)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.(我寫(xiě)信給你的是關(guān)于BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開(kāi)設(shè)的四個(gè)令人興奮的項(xiàng)目的信息。這些項(xiàng)目提供了在世界知名大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)技能，并在波士頓享受夏天)”根據(jù)第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中榮譽(yù)課程是一個(gè)為期六周的住宿或在線課程，學(xué)生參加BAC大學(xué)的本科課程，并獲得多達(dá)8個(gè)可轉(zhuǎn)換的大學(xué)學(xué)分)”結(jié)合文章是一封AmandaNelson寫(xiě)給同學(xué)的信，信中介紹了BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開(kāi)設(shè)的四個(gè)的項(xiàng)目的情況?？赏浦?，阿曼達(dá)·納爾遜寫(xiě)這封信的目的是推廣大學(xué)預(yù)科課程。故選B。BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI’mslowlyploddingalong,andthat’sgoodenough.24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe________.A.hadtostopworkingout B.becamephysicallywornoutC.lostthedataonthewatch D.feltasharppaininthelegs25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas________.A.afunhobbyforenjoyment B.astrongneedforrecognitionC.amethodofescapingpunishment D.awayofbeingabetterrunner26.Whatdoes“beingbetter”meantotheauthornow?A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces. B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks. D.Improvingheroverallwell-being.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Adjustmentbringshappiness. B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.CSportscontributetohappiness. D.Successequalsself-improvement.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)讓自己變得更好，但這也導(dǎo)致作者變得不再快樂(lè)，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)始專(zhuān)注于跑步時(shí)的感受，如今作者感到更加快樂(lè)了?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.(在最后一次訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時(shí)——一段令人筋疲力盡的21英里（34公里）長(zhǎng)跑——我一回到家就一頭倒在地上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手表壞了。21英里在屏幕上閃了一下，然后就消失了，永遠(yuǎn)消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起來(lái)。我在客廳地板上哭泣的悲慘畫(huà)面基本上概括了我與運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤技術(shù)的關(guān)系)”可知，作者在最后一次訓(xùn)練后哭了，因?yàn)樗齺G失了手表上的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.(當(dāng)你變得更強(qiáng)壯、更快時(shí)，看著你的數(shù)據(jù)在運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序上發(fā)生變化，這可能是一種完全的快樂(lè)。我曾經(jīng)很喜歡它，但在某種程度上，它成了我用來(lái)懲罰自己的棍子。我會(huì)觀察自己的速度，和別人比較，或者批評(píng)自己沒(méi)有快30秒。我從未真正意識(shí)到運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤是個(gè)問(wèn)題。在我看來(lái)，跟蹤是自我提升的途徑，而重點(diǎn)是提高，不是嗎？關(guān)鍵是要變得更好)”可知，作者曾將運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤視為成為更好的跑步者的一種方式。故選D?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.(我現(xiàn)在跑步時(shí)注意到的事情包括：我的腿感覺(jué)如何，以及跑步后我的思維感覺(jué)如何——清晰而專(zhuān)注。我注意到狗，運(yùn)河邊野生植物的氣味和我臉上的陽(yáng)光（好吧，風(fēng)雨）)”可知，“變得更好”現(xiàn)在對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)意味著改善她的整體幸福感。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第四段“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.(在過(guò)去的一年里，“變得更好”的概念有了不同的含義。我的心理健康狀況下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，變得難以想象地困難。變得更好不再意味著變得更快或更強(qiáng)。這意味著要照顧好自己，在一天中感受一些快樂(lè)。一旦我開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)，我就會(huì)反思生活中什么讓我快樂(lè)，什么讓我不快樂(lè)。所以，我不再跟蹤我的跑步，只是刪除了多年來(lái)對(duì)我非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)，而現(xiàn)在這些數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)毫無(wú)意義)”可知，文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)讓自己變得更好，但這也導(dǎo)致作者變得不再快樂(lè)，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)始專(zhuān)注于跑步時(shí)的感受，如今作者感到更加快樂(lè)了。由此推知，我們可從文章得知調(diào)整帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。故選A。CVastnumbersofcopyrightedbooksappeartohavebeenmemorizedbyChatGPTanditssuccessorGPT-4,posingquestionsaboutthelegalityofhowtheselargelanguagemodels(LLMs)arecreated.BothartificialintelligencesweredevelopedbyprivatefirmOpenAIandtrainedonhugeamountsofdata,butwhichtextsmakeupthistrainingdataisunknown.Tofindoutmore,DavidBammanattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleagueslookedatwhethertheAIswereabletofillinmissingdetailsfromaselectionofalmost600fictionbooks,drawnfromsourcessuchasnominees(被提名者)forthePulitzerprize,andTheNewYorkTimes’sbestsellerslistsoverthesametimeperiod.Theteampicked100passagesfromeachbookthatcontainedasingle,namedcharacter.TheresearchersthenblankedoutthenameandaskedtheAItofillitin.ThistaskwasdesignedtoexposeiftheAIscouldreturntheexactrightanswer.“Itreallyrequiresknowledgeoftheunderlyingmaterialinordertobeabletogetthenameright,”saysBamman.BothAIscompletedthetaskwithhighaccuracy—asmuchas98percentforpassagesfromLewisCarroll’s1865bookAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland—whichisoutofcopyright—and76percentforJ.K.Rowling’sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher’sStone,whichisnot.TheresearcherssaythissuggeststheAIsweretrainedonsignificantproportionsofbothbooks.TheseAIsdon’tproduceanexactduplicateofatextinthesamewayasaphotocopier,whichisaclearerexampleofcopyrightinfringement.“ChatGPTcanrecitepartsofabookbecauseithasseenitthousandsoftimes,”saysAndresGuadamuzattheUniversityofSussex,UK.“Themodelconsistsofstatisticalfrequencyofwords.It’snotreproductioninthecopyrightsense.”“Theuseofcopyrightworkswithoutpermissionintrainingdatasetsforlargelanguageorimagemodelshasalreadyemergedasoneofthemostpressinglegalchallengestothisnovelindustry,”saysLilianEdwardsatNewcastleUniversity,UK.Bammansaysthat,ultimately,thelegalsystemineachcountrywillhavetodeterminewhetherLLMsareinfringing(侵犯)copyrights.“Ithinkthat’sanopenquestionthatalotofcourtcasesaregoingtodecideforusinthecomingmonths,”hesays.Regulationisalsolikelytoplayakeyrole:theEuropeanUnion’sArtificialIntelligenceAct,whichhasbeentwoyearsinthemaking,willincludearequirementthatcompaniesmakinggenerativeAItoolsneedtodiscloseanycopyrightedmaterialusedtotraintheirmodels.Thatwasalatechange,addedtothedraftlawinApril,accordingtoReuter.28.Bammanandhiscolleaguesdesignedthetaskto_________.A.comparetheaccuracyrateofChatGPTandGPT-4B.testtherangeofknowledgeofChatGPTandGPT-4C.showhowChatGPTandGPT-4memorizemanybooksD.checkwhatChatGPTandGPT-4’strainingdataconsistof29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.AIsweretrainedmoreoncopyrightedworksthanthoseoutofcopyright.B.GuadamuzthinkswhatAIshavedoneisakindofcopyrightinfringement.C.AIcompaniesneedtouncovercopyrightedmaterialsusedastrainingdata.D.Thepermissionfortheuseofcopyrightworksbecomesalegalchallenge.30.Thepassageismainlyabout_________A.ThetrainingprocessofAIs. B.ThelegaluncertaintyofAIs.C.ThefutureregulationofAIs. D.ThetrainingmaterialsofAIs.【答案】28.D29.C30.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了人工智能存在侵犯版權(quán)的問(wèn)題，對(duì)此研究人員對(duì)人工智能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，指出未經(jīng)許可在大型語(yǔ)言或圖像模型的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集中使用版權(quán)作品，已經(jīng)成為這個(gè)新興行業(yè)面臨的最緊迫的法律挑戰(zhàn)之一?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BothartificialintelligencesweredevelopedbyprivatefirmOpenAIandtrainedonhugeamountsofdata,butwhichtextsmakeupthistrainingdataisunknown.(這兩種人工智能都是由私營(yíng)公司OpenAI開(kāi)發(fā)的，并接受了大量數(shù)據(jù)的訓(xùn)練，但這些訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)是由哪些文本組成的尚不清楚)”可知，班曼和他的同事設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)任務(wù)是為了檢查ChatGPT和GPT-4的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)是由什么組成的。故選D?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Regulationisalsolikelytoplayakeyrole:theEuropeanUnion’sArtificialIntelligenceAct,whichhasbeentwoyearsinthemaking,willincludearequirementthatcompaniesmakinggenerativeAItoolsneedtodiscloseanycopyrightedmaterialusedtotraintheirmodels.(監(jiān)管也可能發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用：歐盟制定了兩年的《人工智能法案》將包括一項(xiàng)要求，即制造生成式人工智能工具的公司需要披露用于訓(xùn)練其模型的任何受版權(quán)保護(hù)的材料)”可知，人工智能公司需要揭露用作訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)的版權(quán)材料。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“VastnumbersofcopyrightedbooksappeartohavebeenmemorizedbyChatGPTanditssuccessorGPT-4,posingquestionsaboutthelegalityofhowtheselargelanguagemodels(LLMs)arecreated.(ChatGPT及其繼任者GPT-4似乎已經(jīng)記住了大量受版權(quán)保護(hù)的書(shū)籍，這就對(duì)這些大型語(yǔ)言模型創(chuàng)建方式的合法性提出了質(zhì)疑)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了人工智能存在侵犯版權(quán)的問(wèn)題，對(duì)此研究人員對(duì)人工智能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，指出未經(jīng)許可在大型語(yǔ)言或圖像模型的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集中使用版權(quán)作品，已經(jīng)成為這個(gè)新興行業(yè)面臨的最緊迫的法律挑戰(zhàn)之一。可知，本文主要論述了人工智能的法律不確定性。故選B。DAfewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(傳達(dá))informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模擬的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraphmostprobablymean?A.Original. B.Accurate. C.Distant. D.False.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory. B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld. D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.C.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomedB.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryC.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldD.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleone【答案】31.D32.D33.C34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇議論文。文章以魚(yú)缸里的金魚(yú)為例，討論了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義以及人們應(yīng)該如何描述宇宙?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.”（這項(xiàng)措施的發(fā)起人解釋說(shuō)，把魚(yú)養(yǎng)在這樣的魚(yú)缸里是殘忍的，因?yàn)閺澢膫?cè)面會(huì)讓魚(yú)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)有一種distorted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推斷，發(fā)起人認(rèn)為彎曲的側(cè)面會(huì)讓魚(yú)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)，因而把魚(yú)養(yǎng)在這樣的魚(yú)缸里是殘忍的，所以“distorted”意為：錯(cuò)誤的，即“false”。故選D。【32題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(傳達(dá))informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.”（大多數(shù)人相信客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)存在，我們的感官和科學(xué)直接傳達(dá)了物質(zhì)世界的信息，在哲學(xué)中，這種信念被稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。）可知，本段主要講述了人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解。故選D。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.”（現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這種追求可能產(chǎn)生不是單一的理論，而是一系列相互關(guān)聯(lián)的理論，每個(gè)理論都描述了自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)版本，就像從自己的魚(yú)缸里看宇宙一樣。）和第三段“If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.”（如果模擬世界中的生物像我們一樣不能從外部觀察它們的宇宙，它們就沒(méi)有理由懷疑自己對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的想象。）可知，人們視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，會(huì)有著不同的理論。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.”（也許為了描述宇宙，我們必須在不同的情況下運(yùn)用不同的理論。）和“Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.”（但這可能就是宇宙的規(guī)律。）可知，作者認(rèn)為人們可以用多種理論描述宇宙，可得出作者也許會(huì)許贊同“歡迎對(duì)宇宙的不同解釋”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthem