大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷54（共240題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷54（共9套）（共240題）大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)AdvantagesofPublicTransportA)AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankbyMurdochUniversity'sInstituteforScienceandTechnologyPolicy(ISTP)hasdemonstratedthatpublictransportismoreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredintotransportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicandprivatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatransportsystem.B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexampleofacitywithminimalpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentintotransportcosts.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas5%.ProfessorPeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive.C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisaratherunusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:AEuropeancitysurroundedbyacar-dependentone.Melbourne'slargetramnetworkhasmadecaruseintheinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshavethesamecar-basedstructureasmostotherAustraliancities.TheexplosionindemandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransportissues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisofenvironmentalandsocialjusticeconsiderationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat"theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms".E)BicycleusewasnotincludedinthestudybutNewmannotedthatthetwomost"bicyclefriendly"citiesconsidered—AmsterdamandCopenhagen—wereveryefficient,eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere—"reasonablebutnotspecial".F)Itiscommonforsupportersofroadnetworkstorejectthemodelsofcitieswithgoodpublictransportbyarguingthatsuchsystemswouldnotworkintheirparticularcity.Oneobjectionisclimate.Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocold.Newmanrejectsthis,pointingoutthatpublictransporthasbeensuccessfulinbothTorontoandSingaporeand,infact,hehascheckedtheuseofcarsagainstclimateandfound"zerocorrelation".G)Whenitcomestootherphysicalfeatures,roadlobbiesareonstrongerground.Forexample,NewmanacceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork.However,hepointsoutthatbothHongKongandZurichhavemanagedtomakeasuccessoftheirrailsystems,heavyandlightrespectively,thoughtherearefewcitiesintheworldashilly.H)Infact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortoftransportoveranotherispolitics:"Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublictransportisfavoured."HeconsidersPortland,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.I)Someyearsago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.Therailproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.Intheyearsthathavefollowed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin,dramaticallychangingthenatureofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationasPerthandhadasimilarpopulationdensityatthetime.J)IntheUK,traveltimestoworkhadbeenstableforatleastsixcenturies,withpeopleavoidingsituationsthatrequiredthemtospendmorethanhalfanhourtravellingtowork.Trainsandcarsinitiallyallowedpeopletoliveatgreaterdistanceswithouttakinglongertoreachtheirdestination.However,publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnowmakecommutingtimesfarhigher.K)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartheroutwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse.InStockholm,carusehasactuallyfalleninrecentyearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.L)Anewstudymakesthispointevenmorestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchasJakartaandBangkok,makemoreuseofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyoandSingapore.Incitiesthatdevelopedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopmentBankdiscouragedthebuildingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyoncars—creatingthemassivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.M)NewmanbelievesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbeconvertedtorailuseisTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelbourneasanexample.Itfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.Instead,theproposaladvocatedthecreationofurbanvillagesathundredsofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.N)Itwasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldleadtomoredispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,theISTPteam'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthisseemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether."Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face."1、ThehillycitylikeAucklandisinappropriateforrailtransportsystem.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，像奧克蘭這樣的山城不適宜開發(fā)軌道交通網(wǎng)。根據(jù)Auckland關(guān)鍵詞．定位于G段第二句，“itwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork”可知，題干為原文改寫，故選G。2、Byputtingmorefundsintootherfields,efficientcitiescanimprovethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“efjficientcities”定位于B段最后一句，“thesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive”意為這些高效率城市可以將更多的資金投入到吸引工廠、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和創(chuàng)造更好的場(chǎng)所中。題干“improvethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants”是原文“creatingabetterplacetolive”的近義替換。所以，正確答案是B。3、Areferendumwasheldbylocalorganizationstodecidewhethertoconstructlightrail.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“referendum”定位于I段第二句．“l(fā)ocalpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead”意思是，當(dāng)?shù)貕毫F(tuán)體強(qiáng)行組織了一次公投，來(lái)表決是否要投錢建輕軌。題干大意相符，故選I。4、Citieswithhighlevelsofbicyclesusagecanbeefficientevenwhenpublictransportisonlyaveragelygood.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，自行車使用普及率高的城市效率也高，即使其公共交通只是一般。原文E段，“…twomost“bicyclefriendly”cities…reasonablebutnotspecial”可看出，題干為此句的改寫，所以，正確答案是E。5、ThefactthathousesinMelbourne’sinnersuburbsarelargelydemandedindicatesthatpeopleshifttoanewperceptiononwheretolive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“innersuburbs”定位于C段最后一句．“TheexplosionindemandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople’spreferencesastowheretheylive．”題干“housesarelargelydemanded”對(duì)應(yīng)原文“explosionindemandforaccommodation”，且整句話為原文的改寫。故選C。6、TheISTPstudyexaminedpublicandprivatesystemsin37citiesoftheworld.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ISTP”和“37cities”定位于A段，“Thestudycompared…bythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld．”研究比較了37個(gè)城市公共交通投入的資金比例。很明顯，正確答案是A。7、Somepeopleargueagainstpracticingpublictransportfortheextremeclimate.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，由于極端天氣，一些人反對(duì)公共交通。原文F段第三句，“Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocold．”題干“extremeclimate”對(duì)應(yīng)“eithertoohotortoocold”所以．正確選項(xiàng)是F。8、Massivetrafficjamandlongercommutingtimeresultfromtheimbalancebetweenpublicinfrastructureandurbanexpansion.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為．大規(guī)模的交通堵塞和通勤時(shí)間加長(zhǎng)是由于公共設(shè)施和城市擴(kuò)張之間的不平衡所致。原文J段最后一句，“However，publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl，causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnowmakingcommutingtimesfarhigher．”題干“trafficjam”與“congestionproblem”為同義替換，題干為此句的改寫。9、FromtheperspectivefromNewman,theresearchshowsthatcitymodel,reliableoncars,lacksofadequaciesinthefieldsofeconomicandenvironment.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：原文D段最后一句．“…theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms．”題干“citymodel，reliableoncars”對(duì)應(yīng)“auto-dependentcitymodel”(依賴汽車的城市模式)，“l(fā)acksofadequacies”對(duì)應(yīng)“inadequate”(不足)。所以，正確答案是D。10、Humaninnovation,whichisoftenactivatedbypeople’sdirectinteraction,playsamajorroleinthefuture.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，創(chuàng)造力常在人們直面交流中活躍起來(lái)，并將在未來(lái)起重要作用。是原文N段最后一句的改寫?！癟henewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity，andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face．”“innovation”對(duì)應(yīng)“creativity”(創(chuàng)造力)，“peoplecometogetherfacetoface”對(duì)應(yīng)“people’sdirectinteraction”(人們面對(duì)面的溝通)。因此，正確答案是N。GrayingPopulationStaysinthePinkA)Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.B)Inthelast14years,theNationalLong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalysingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegrouparetroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.C)"Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldheconsiderednormalageing",saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.D)Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday'selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.E)Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers."Thesemaybesubtleinfluences",saysManton,"butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It'snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect".F)OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.G)Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.H)Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday'spopulation.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment'sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica'spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.I)Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.J)Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation'sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.K)Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.L)Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortical.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.M)Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhentheyneedit.N)"Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense",saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthesesimplefactors."Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget",shesays.11、Therehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoaredisabled.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，殘疾老人的數(shù)量有大幅下降。H段第一句，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation．”題干“aconsiderablereduction”對(duì)應(yīng)“asignificantdrop”，兩者都表示大幅下降。所以，應(yīng)選擇H段。12、Ademographerclaimsthatmanydiseasesareaffectingpeoplelaterinlifethantheydidinthepast.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“demographer”(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家)定位于原文C段。第二句“Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75．”原文意為他認(rèn)為。1982年醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為是65歲老人常見疾病的癥狀現(xiàn)在推遲到70或75歲才出現(xiàn)。題干“inthepast”指代65歲，“l(fā)aterinlife”指代70歲或75歲。所以，正確答案是C。13、Astudylastingfourteenyearsshowsthatfewerelderlypeoplearesufferingfromdiseases.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“fourteenyears”定位于A段第二句，“Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeople…”意思是，本月即將公布的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)14年的研究顯示，受老年疾病折磨的人越來(lái)越少。題干大意與原句相符，故選A。14、Thereasonswhyeducatedpeoplearemorelikelytolivelongerarethattheyearnmoremoneyandfocusonmedicalcare.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“educatedpeople”定位于F段，最后一句“Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome，Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention．”盡管高收入是部分因素，但他認(rèn)為主要還是因?yàn)槭芙逃娜烁P(guān)注醫(yī)療保健。即題干之意，受教育高的人壽命長(zhǎng)是因?yàn)槭杖敫吆完P(guān)注醫(yī)療保健。題于是原句的改寫，因此選F。15、Thoseelderlypeoplewhomaintainasenseofself-relianceareabletokeephealthy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，那些有獨(dú)立感的老人們能夠保持健康。原文J段最后一句，“Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage．”題干“self-reliance”與原句“independence”為同義替換，意為獨(dú)立。所以，正確答案是J。16、Diseasesrelatedwitholdagesuchasarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblemsarefacingadecliningtrend.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“arthritis，highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems”即“關(guān)節(jié)炎、高血壓與循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病”定位于B段第二句．“…aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear．”逐年下降，即題干大意，面臨下滑趨勢(shì)。所以，正確答案是B。17、Increasesinsomeotherillnessesmaybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandtoenvironmentpollution.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，其他疾病的增長(zhǎng)可能因?yàn)閭€(gè)人習(xí)慣和環(huán)境污染。原文E段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismavreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality．”題干“personalhabits”對(duì)應(yīng)“smokinghabits”．“environmentpollution”對(duì)應(yīng)“poorerairquality”，所以，應(yīng)選E。18、Regularamountsofexercisemayhelppreventmentaldecline.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，定期的訓(xùn)練有助于防止大腦退化。原文K段第一句，“Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning．”題干“regularamountofexercise”對(duì)應(yīng)“maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivity”(保持一定量的日常體育運(yùn)動(dòng))，“helppreventmentaldecline”是“helpmentalfunctioning”的同義改寫。所以，正確選項(xiàng)是K。19、Developmentinmedicineisattributabletothedeclineofcertaindiseases.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展幫助減少一些疾病的發(fā)生。原文D段第一句．“Clearly，certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances．”意思是顯然，一些疾病在醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步面前被擊退?！癰eataretreat”意為擊退?！癿edicaladvances”與題干“developmentinmedicine”為近義表達(dá)。故選D。20、Feelingsofcontroloverlifecanreducestressindifficultsituations.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“controloverlife”定位于L段第二句。“…thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormones…”意思是，感覺對(duì)生活有掌控力的人所釋放的壓力應(yīng)激素較低。題干意為，感覺對(duì)生活有掌控力的人在艱難處境下壓力會(huì)降低。題干為原文的改寫，所以選擇L。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯理解(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Aristotledefinedafriendas"asinglesouldwellingintwobodies".MembersofFacebookwhose"friends"reachtriplefiguresmayhavealooserdefinition,buthowmanyfriendswehave,andhoweasilywemake,【C1】________andlosethem,hasasignificantimpactonour【C2】________well-being.It'snosurprise,then,thatfriendscanimprovejustabouteveryaspectofourlife.Arecentstudysaysthattherecoveryfromasurgeryincluded,【C3】________,areductioninthelevelofpainfeltbypatientswiththemostfriends,likewise,friendscanprotectusfromtheaftershocksofbereavement(喪失親人)or【C4】________.Theydon'tevenhavetobegreatfriends—someofthe【C5】________effectissimplydowntothecompany:haveapintwithamateandyou'rebydefinitionnotsocially【C6】________.Wefirstrecognisetheimportanceoffriendsinchildhood,whenwe'renotreallysurehowtomakethem.Whilesomeofusmay【C7】________afewchildhoodfriends,thebiggestopportunityforfriendshipcomesinhighereducation.Astudyoflong-termfriendshipsfoundthatfriendshipsformedduringcollegeyearsstayedclose20yearslater,iftheyscoredhighlyinclosenessaswellascommunicationtobeginwith.Thesefriendships【C8】________greatdistancesandanaverageofsixhousemoves."Atcollegeyoucancultivateclosefriendshipsbecauseyou'reinsuchclose【C9】________forsustainedperiods,"saysGlennSparks,Purdue'sprofessorofcommunication."Theserelationshipsare【C10】________andhardtoreplicate;they'reveryunusualoutsidefamilyrelationships.Evenwhendistance,jobs,familytendedtopullthemapart,thesefriendswouldsaythatoncetheyre-establishedcontact,theydidn'tmissabeat."A)ambiguityE)isolatedI)rareM)submittedB)divorceF)maintainJ)retainN)survivedC)emotionalG)positiveK)reunionO)suspiciouslyD)incrediblyH)proximityL)sensitive1、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處需填入動(dòng)詞原形與make，lose并列作主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)。結(jié)交朋友（make）、失去朋友（lose）的中間階段是擁有，詞庫(kù)中maintain“維持”符合此處語(yǔ)義。2、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處需填入修飾well-being的詞。友情應(yīng)是在精神層面對(duì)我們的幸福感起影響，故選emotional“感情上的”。3、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格將動(dòng)詞included及其賓語(yǔ)areduction分隔開，且前后都有逗號(hào)，應(yīng)填入副詞。此句意為有了朋友的陪伴，病人從外科手術(shù)中恢復(fù)的過程要減少很多痛苦。incredibly“難以置信地”說明朋友的神奇作用，呼應(yīng)本段首句所說的朋友能夠改善我們生活的各個(gè)方面。4、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：填入空格的詞與bereavement并列，應(yīng)為名詞且包含清極的詞義色彩，divorce“離婚”符合此處語(yǔ)義。5、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處需填入修飾effect的詞，可為名詞、形容詞或分詞。承接上一句，本句講的是即便只是普通朋友也能對(duì)我們有所幫助，故填入的詞應(yīng)表積極意義，positive“積極的；正面的”符合語(yǔ)義。6、【C6】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：副詞socially提示此處需填入分詞或形容詞。前面指出，朋友的作用可能只是陪伴。冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋，有人陪著一起喝酒自然不會(huì)覺得……。isolated“孤獨(dú)的”符合句意。7、【C7】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：may表明此處需填入動(dòng)詞原形，作謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意：雖然我們會(huì)……一些兒時(shí)的伙伴，但建立友誼最佳的時(shí)期是在上大學(xué)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞庫(kù)中retain“保持；保留”符合句意。8、【C8】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處需填入動(dòng)詞過去式，作謂語(yǔ)。thesefriendships指代大學(xué)期間建立的友誼，它可以在20年后依然很親密，可見即使受外在不利因素影響（距離遙遠(yuǎn)、平均搬6次家），這種友誼仍能“幸存下來(lái)”，survived符合上下文語(yǔ)義。9、【C9】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前的such表明此處需填入名詞。在大學(xué)能夠培養(yǎng)親密的友誼是因?yàn)橛泻荛L(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間可以相處，proximity“接近；親近”符合語(yǔ)義，與上文的closeness呼應(yīng)。10、【C10】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格作句子的表語(yǔ)，可為名詞、形容詞或分詞。根據(jù)空格后的“難以復(fù)制”可知，這些關(guān)系很珍貴，rare“罕見的；珍奇的"符合語(yǔ)義。二、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)CanMixofTeachers,ComputersLeadtoPupilSuccess?[A]WhenvisitorstotheCarpeDiemcharterschoolsee175studentswearingheadphonesandstaringintocomputerscreensfromsmallcubicles,principalMarkFornerisreadyforaskepticalreaction."Ourcriticssayitlookslikeatelemarketingcallcenter,"hesaid,pre-emptively(先發(fā)制人地)."Itellpeopleitremindsmeofauniversitylibrary."[B]Thetightlyarrangedcubedseatinginalarge,openroomisn'ttheonlywayCarpeDiemdoesn'tlooklikeatraditionalschool.There'salsothisfact—thereareonlyfiveteachersfor175students.That'sa35-1student-to-teacherratio,alittleoutoflineforwhatmanymiddleandhighschoolsoffer.Eventually,thefiveteachers—withtheassistanceofaides—willbeexpectedtoeducate300studentsastheschoolgrows,creatinga60-1ratiomorecommoninThirdWorldcountries.[C]That'sbecauseCarpeDiemoffersa"blendedlearning"curriculum.It'sacutting-edgeandcontroversialconceptthatdeliversabigchunkofinstructiontostudentsviacomputeratschoolandoccasionallyathomeandmixesitwithperiodicsmallgroupdiscussionsandone-on-oneinstruction.[D]CarpeDiem,whichservesgrades6to12witha13-memberstaff,broughtblendedlearningtoIndianapolisforthefirsttimelastyear.ThreemoreblendedlearningcharterschoolsrecentlyopenedinIndianapolis—PhalenLeadershipAcademy,NexusAcademyandEnlaceAcademy—buttheconceptisonlystartingtorampup.Morethanadozenblendedlearningschoolsareplannedtoopenhereoverthenextfiveyears.[E]"Ourintuitionisthatitdoeswork,"saidEarlMartinPhalen,founderofthePhalenAcademycharterschool."Ifyouwatchatwo-year-oldgrabaniPadandflipthroughit,youseeourkidsareprettyadeptwithtechnology.Wecertainlyunderstanditcanbealearningtool."[F]Electronicinstructionishardlynew—online-onlyschoolshavebeenaroundformorethanadecade.Butblendedschoolsclaimtohavedevelopedahybridtheysayismoreeffectiveformanykids.Itallowsstudentstoworkattheirownpacetoconquerconceptstheycanhandleandconsultateacherortheirpeerswhentheyneedextrahelp.Learningmodelorprofitmachine?[G]Criticsofblendedlearning,however,lumpthisconceptinwithotheronlineschoolsandsaytheyhaveconcernsaboutthequalityofthelearningexperienceandthetruemotivationsofthepurveyors(承辦商)ofelectronicinstruction.Somewonderiftheycaremoreaboutlearningorprofits.Afterall,itcanbefarcheapertoteachastudentwithacomputerinacubiclethanwithanactualpersonstandinginfrontoftheclassroom.That,inturn,canfreeupdollarsthatcanbepaidoutinprofitthatcangotoschooloperatorsandthetestingcompaniesthatmakeseveralofthehot-sellingsoftwareprogramstheybuy.[H]Lastyear,theconsultingfirmTheParthenonGroupdidastudythataimedtoestimatethecostofblendedlearninginstructioncomparedwithatraditionalclassroommodel.Itfoundthedifferencecouldbeasmuchas$2,400perstudentbelowwhattraditionalpublicschoolsspendoninstruction.That'salmost25%lessthanwhatthetypicaltraditionalpublicschoolspends,thestudysaid.[I]Phalen,whosecharterschoolopenedinIndianapolisthisyear,acknowledgedthattherearethosewhouseonlinetoolstocutcosts.Buthesaidhisschoolsandotherslikethemaretryingtodowhateverybusinessaimstodo—findwaystodeliverservicesthatarecheaperandbetteratthesametime.PhalenAcademyisnotentirelyablendedlearningschoolbutusessomeblendedlearningtechniquesinitsclasses.[J]RickOgston,whofoundedCarpeDieminArizona,saidcost-cuttingwasthelastthingonhismindwhenhebeganexperimentingwithblendedlearningathisfirstschool.Hismotivation,hesaid,wastofindawaytotailorinstructiontothepointwhereitwaspersonalizedtoeachstudent.Personalizedinstruction[K]CarpeDiem'sIndianapolisprincipal,MarkForner,isaformerinsuranceagentwhochangedcareerstobecomeateacherbyjoiningTeachforAmerica,aprogramthatplacesnewteachersinneedyschoolsnationwide.Forner,47,saidhestudiedblendedlearningingraduateschool."Thegreatthingaboutblendedlearningisnotwokidsmoveatthesamepace,"hesaid."Intraditionalschoolifyouareakidwhogetsit,youhavetowaituntilthenextyeartomoveuptothegrade.Hereyoudon'thavetowaitforthecohort(大部隊(duì))."[L]That'swhatbroughtstudentSydneyPedigotoCarpeDiemfromWesternBooneHighSchoollastyearasa10th-grader.Amathgenius,shesaidshewasoftenboredinmathclass.Evenwhenteachersgavehermoreadvancedworktodoonherownshewouldoftenzipthroughitandbestuckwaitingfortherestoftheclass.[M]CarpeDiem'sapproachissometimescalledthe"flipped"classroom.Lecturesthatusedtotakeplaceinclassareinsteadroutinelywatchedonlineonvideo.Studentsthenworktheirwaythroughexercisesbasedonthelecturecontentandtakeashortquiz.Alessontypicallytakesabout40minutestocomplete.Then,whenstudentsgotoclass,theirworkisfocusedondiscussion,groupworkandindividualhelp,saidLizRetana,theschool'sEnglishteacher.Sofar,theresultsareimpressive.[N]Mostnewcharterschoolsstartwithlowstudentscores,andthegoodonesraisethemovertime.Initsfirstyear,CarpeDiemsaw73%ofitsstudentspassEnglishandmathonIndianaStatewideTestingforEducationalProgress,justahalf-pointbelowthestateaverage.Bycomparison,IndianapolisPublicSchool27,whichtwoyearsagoconvertedtothehighlyregardedCenterforInquirycurriculum,sawjust54.7%pass.Thetwoschoolshaveverysimilardemographics.CarpeDiemhasslightlymorepoorandminoritystudentsandslightlyfewerstudentslearningEnglishasasecondlanguageorinspecialeducation.Movingtooquickly?[O]ButlerUniversityeducationprofessorsShellyFurunessandKelliEsteves,whohaveexperimentedwithblendedlearningintheircollegeclassesandsupporttheidea,nonethelessworryabouttheworkloadforteacherssuchasRetana.[P]FurunessandEsteveshaveusedblendedlearningforcorefoundationcoursesinlearningtheories,educationconceptsandeducationalhistoryatButler.Theirdecisiontotryblendedlearningwasals