2024新版英語22.定語從句

定語從句定語從句是一種形容詞的關(guān)系從句，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。初中英語中的定語從句僅限于限制性定語從句。一、英語中的定語從句的位置。英語中的定語從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后。如：Theman（先行詞）

who/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterday（定語從句）ismyEnglishteacher.昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。二、英語從句中的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，有先行詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。限制性關(guān)系分句和它的先行項的所指意義有著不可分割的聯(lián)系。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中要充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或定語，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。如：Iamwaitingfor

theboy

（先行詞）

who/that

（關(guān)系代詞）iswearingaredcoat.（主語）我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。Thedictionary

（先行詞）

that/which（關(guān)系代詞）mysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.（賓語）我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。Thewomanis

hismother

（先行詞）

whose

（關(guān)系代詞）nameisLindaBrown.(定語)那個是他的母親，名叫琳達·布朗。Thatis

thehouse

（先行詞）

where

（關(guān)系副詞）myfatherusedtolive.(狀語)那是我父親曾經(jīng)居住過的房子。三、初中英語中定語從句關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的具體用法。1.who指人（也可用that），在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。如：YesterdayIhelpedanoldman

who/that

losthisway.（主語）昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。MrWangistheman

(who/that/whom)

youmetinthezoothismorning.（賓語）王先生就是今天早上你在動物里遇到的那個人。注意：關(guān)系代詞who指人,作賓語時，可用whom代替；作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。作其它成分，關(guān)系代詞則不能省略。2.whose指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作定語。Theboy

whose

motherisillisstayingathometolookafterhertoday.他母親生病的那個男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。Ihaveastorybook

whose

coverisred.

我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。3.which指物（也可用that），在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。如：Footballisagame

which/that

islikedbymostboys.（主語）足球是被大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運動。Idon’tbelievethenews

which/that

Tomwonthegame.（賓語）我不相信湯姆贏得這場比賽的消息。四、關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間。Thatistheplace

inwhich

Ilivedforfiveyears.=Thatistheplace

which/that

Ilivedinforfiveyears.那就是我住過五年的地方。MrZhangistheman

forwhom

Iamlooking.=MrZhangistheman

who/whom/that

Iamlookingfor.張先生就是我正在找的那個人。五、具體使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞需要注意的問題。1.先行詞是地點時，如果該先行詞做了定語從句的主語或賓語時，關(guān)系代詞用that或which.

如：Theschool

that/which

Iusedtostudyinisbecomingbetterandbetter.（theschool作了介詞in的賓語。）我過去曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的那所學(xué)校變得越來越好了。先行詞是地點時，如果該先行詞不作定語從句的主語或賓語時，關(guān)系代詞用where.

如：Theplace

where

theaccidenthappenedisn’tfarfromourschool.事故發(fā)生的那個地方離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。(定語從句中的動詞happened是不及物動詞，它不跟賓語，而theaccident又作了定語從句的主語，因此該定語從句既不需要主語，也不需要賓語。)2.只用that，不用which的情況。（1）前有序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：Thisisthetenthgift

that

Ireceivedformybirthday.這是我收到的第十個生日禮物。（2）前有形容詞最高級修飾時。如：Thatisthemostexcitinggame

that

Ihaveeverwatched.那是我曾經(jīng)看過最令人興奮的比賽。（3）先行詞是all,little,few,something,anything,everything等不定代詞時。如：All

that

hetoldmeistrue.他告訴我的一切是真實的。（4）先行詞被theonly修飾時。如：Theonlything

that

Icangetisapen.我唯一能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。（5）先行詞既指人，又指物時。如：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings

that

wewereinterestedin.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏信d趣的人和事。3.只用which，不用that的情況。（1）定語從句是物時，定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。如：Thething

aboutwhich

theteacheristalkingisveryimportant.老師正在談?wù)摰哪羌路浅Ｖ匾?。?）先行詞本身是that,those時，如：What’sthat

which

isflyinginthesky?在天空中飛的那是什么？

練習(xí)答案

1.

A

magnetic

field

may

be

represented

in

______

manner

______

an

electric

field.

A.such…as

B.

the

same

…

as

C.

such

…

that

D.

the

same

…

which2.

We’ve

all

heard

of

Thomas

Edison,

______

invented

the

electric

light

and

many

other

things.

A.

the

man

who

B.

that

C.

which

D.

a

man

who

3.

He

talked

about

the

classmates

and

the

school

____

he

had

visited.

A.

who

B.

that

C.

which

D.

about

which

4.

You

have

seen

the

girl

____

sister

is

a

Chinese

teacher.

A.

whom

B.

of

whom

C.

whose

D.

of

which

5.

We

should

do

all

____

is

useful

to

people.

A.

/

B.

that

C.

it

D.

which

6.

We

came

to

a

place

____

they

had

never

paid

a

visit

before.

A.

which

B.

in

which

C.

on

which

D.

to

which

7.

Those

____

finished

doing

it

put

up

your

hands.

A.

who

have

B.

who

has

C.

which

have

D.

have

8.

The

man

____

was

a

friend

of

mine.

A.

that

you

just

talked

toB.

whom

you

just

talked

to

him

C.

who

you

just

talked

to

himD.

which

you

just

talked

to

9.

I

went

to

the

school

____

my

father

once

worked.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

where

D.

on

which

10.

I

shall

never

forget

those

years

________

I

lived

in

the

country

with

the

farmers,

_________has

a

great

effect

on

my

life.

A.

that;

which

B.

when;

which

C.

which;

that

D.

when;

who11.

The

weather

turned

out

to

be

very

good,

_______was

more

than

we

could

expect.

A.

what

B.

which

C.

that

D.

it

12.

Carol

said

the

work

would

be

done

by

October,

___personally

I

doubt

very

much.

A.

it

B.

that

C.

when

D.

which

13.

Dorothy

was

always

speaking

highly

of

her

role

in

the

play,

_____,

of

course,

made

the

others

unhappy.A.

who

B.

which

C.

this

D.

what

14.

_________is

known

to

all,

Chinawill

be

an

_________powerful

country

in

20

or

30

years'

time.A.

That;

advancing

B.

This;

advanced

C.

As;

advanced

D.

It;

advancing

15._________is

mentioned

above,

the

number

of

the

students

in

senior

schools

is

increasing.

A.

Which

B.

As

C

.That

D.

It

16._________is

known

to

everybody,

the

moon

travels

round

the

earth

once

every

month.

A.

It

B.

As

C.

That

D.

What

17.

It

was

an

exciting

moment

for

these

football

fans

this

year,

_________for

the

first

time

in

years

their

team

won

the

World

Cup.

A.

that

B.

while

C.

which

D.

when

18.

Have

you

seen

the

film

"Titanic",

________

leading

actor

is

world

famous?

A.

its

B.

it's

C.

whose

D.

which

19.

We

will

be

shown

around

the

city:

schools,

museums,

and

some

other

places,

_________

other

visitors

seldom

go.A.

what

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when

20.

The

famous

basketball

star,

_______tried

to

make

a

comeback,

attracted

a

lot

of

attention.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

which

D.

who

21.

In

the

office

I

never

seem

to

have

time

until

after

5:30

p.m.,

_________many

people

have

got

home.

A.

whose

time

B.

that

C.

on

which

D.

by

which

time

22.

Recently

I

bought

an

ancient

Chinese

vase,

_________

was

very

reasonable.

A.

which

price

B.

the

price

of

whichC.

its

price

D.

the

price

of

whose

23.

I

shall

never

forget

those

years

_________I

lived

in

the

country

with

the

farmers,

________

has

a

great

effect

on

my

life.

A.

that;

which

B.

when;

which

C.

which;

that

D.

when;

who

24.

After

living

in

Paris

for

fifty

years,

he

returned

to

the

small

town

_______

he

grew

up

as

a

child.

A.

which

B.

where

C.

that

D.

when

25.

The

film

brought

the

hours

back

to

me

________

I

was

taken

good

care

of

in

that

far-away

village.

A.

until

B.

that

C.

when

D.

where

26.

He's

got

himself

into

a

dangerous

situation

_________he

is

likely

to

lose

control

over

the

plane.

A.

where

B.

which

C.

while

D.

why

27.-Did

you

remember

to

give

Mary

the

money

you

owed

her?

-Yes.

I

gave

it

to

her

_________I

saw

her.A.

while

B.

the

moment

C.

suddenly

D.

once

28.

Is

this

the

reason

_________

at

the

meeting

for

his

carelessness

in

his

work?

A.

he

explained

B.

what

he

explained

C.

how

he

explained

D.

why

he

explained

29.

I

shall

remember

the

day

______

we

met

first.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when

30.

Can

you

lend

me

the

dictionary

______

the

other

day?A.

about

that

you

talked

B.

That

you

talked

C.

which

you

talked

D.

that

you

talked

about

31.

The

book

______

isn’t

in

the

library.

A.

what

I

need

B.

I

need

C.

that

I

need

it

D.

which

I

need

it

32.

It

was

raining,

______

was

a

pity.A.

what

B.

which

C.

that

D.

it

33.

He

studied

hard

at

school

when

he

was

young

,

____

contributes

to

his

success

in

latter

lifeA.as

B.

therefore

C.

which

D.

so

that

34.

The

size

of

the

audience,

______

we

had

expected,

was

well

over

one

thousand.

A.

whom

B.

who

C.

as

D.

that

35.

One

of

the

most

beautiful

natural

wonders

in

the

United

Statesis

the

Grand

Canyon,

_____

located

in

northwestern

Arizona.

A.

and

B.

where

C.

is

D.

which

is

36.

Do

you

know

the

worker

______?

A.

whom

I

often

talk

B.

with

who

I

often

talkC

I

often

talk

with

D.

that

I

often

talk

37.

Electric

current

can

produce

heat

______

we

can

weld

metals.

A.

which

B.

in

which

C.

by

means

of

which

D.

what

38.

Heat

has

many

effects,

______

we

are

familiar

with

through

everyday

experience.

A.

most

of

which

B.

in

which

C.

that

D.

that

39.Ultra-onic

sound

is

______

is

inaudible

to

human

ear.

A.

such

as

B.

the

same

as

C.

which

D.

that

40.

Diesel

engines

are

generally

used

for

heavy-duty

work

______

the

weight

and

size

of

the

engine

are

not

important.

A.

which

B.

when

C.

where

D.

that

41.

The

bridge

____

a

big

ship

can

go

has

been

built.

A.

under

which

B.

under

that

C.

in

which

D.

on

which

42.

The

book

____

is

torn

is

mine.

A.

the

cover

of

which

B.

the

cover

of

that

C.

which

the

cover

D.

whose

cover

of

參考答案1-5

BABCB

6-10

DAACB

11-15

ADBCA

16-20

BDCCD21-25

DDBBC

26-30

ADDDD

31-35

BBCCD

36-40

CCAAB

41-42

AA

1.B

such

...as結(jié)構(gòu),

或

the

same

....as結(jié)構(gòu)，such

as

強調(diào)事物，the

same

as強調(diào)相似性。2.A非限定性定語從句先行語，Thomas

Edison,

放入從句為Thomas

Edison

invented

the

electric

light

and

many

other

things,

先行詞在從句中作主語，

先行詞指人，只能用who。

限定性定語從句，先行詞為the

man或a

man,

放入從句時在從句中也作主語，先行詞指人在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)詞可以用who/that.

the

man特指，強調(diào)只有他一個人，a

man泛指，側(cè)重于表示他只是其中之一。3.B先行詞為the

classmates

and

the

school，

從句為he

had

visited,

二者構(gòu)成的完整句為He

had

visited

the

classmates

and

the

school.

所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在限定性定語從句中作visited的賓語使用，先行詞既指人又指物。

因此，答案為B4.C此句先行詞為the

girl，定語從句為sister

is

a

Chinese

teacher，二者構(gòu)成的完整句為The

girl's

sister

is

a

Chinese

teacher.

先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所屬關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語。5.B此句中先行詞all為不定代詞，從句為is

useful

to

people，從句缺主語，

二者構(gòu)成的完整句為All

is

useful

to

people.為了便于理解，All

=All

the

things/

everything.所以從句的完整句還可以寫成Everything

is

useful

to

people;

或All

the

things

are

useful

to

people.6.D考查定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為a

place,

從句為they

had

never

paid

a

visit

before,

二者構(gòu)成的完整句為They

had

never

paid

a

visit

to

the

place

before.

7.A此句中，those為定語從句的先行詞，相當(dāng)于those

students/clerks,

finished

diong

it為定語從句成分，從句缺主語以及謂語動詞的完成時態(tài)助動詞。主語指人，用一般引導(dǎo)詞who,

引導(dǎo)詞數(shù)量與先行詞一致為復(fù)數(shù)。8.A此句中先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語，先行詞相同意思用引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)，

先行詞指人。9.C此句先行詞the

school,

定語從句my

father

once

worked,二者構(gòu)成的完整句o為My

father

once

worked

in

the

school.

in

the

school可以用固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞中的地點關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞where表示,

也可以用隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞in

which表示。10.B前一定語從句的完整句為I

lived

in

the

country

with

the

farmers

those

years.

先行詞在從句中作非主賓表成分，先行詞與時間相關(guān)。后一定語從句的完整句轉(zhuǎn)為The

experience

has

a

great

effect

on

my

life.

The

experience=

I

lived

in

the

country

with

the

farmers

those

years。11.A考查定語從句整句先行詞在從句中作主語。非限定性定語從句在意思理解基礎(chǔ)上的完整句為This

natural

phenomenan

was

more

than

we

could

expect.This

natural

phenomenan=

The

weather

turned

out

to

be

very

good.

12.D

非限定性定語從句的完整句為Personally

I

doubt

that

the

work

would

be

done

by

October

very

much.

13.B

非限定性定語從句完整句為It

made

the

others

unhappy

that

Dorothy

was

always

speaking

highly

of

her

role

in

the

play.

It=Dorothy

was

always

speaking

highly

of

her

role

in

the

play.

在從句中構(gòu)成形式主語與真實主語關(guān)系。14.C

非限定性定語從句整句先行詞在從句中作主語，只能用as引導(dǎo)，以職高方法理解，可以為固定表達結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語來理解，as

is

known

to

all.

與動作趨向相關(guān)的分詞形容詞，ing分詞表示動作正在進行或動作即將產(chǎn)生，ed分詞表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，此句中advancing

country表示發(fā)展中國家，advanced

country表示發(fā)達國家.

15.A考查前置性非限定性定語從句整句先行詞在從句中作主語。綜上所述的固定表達結(jié)構(gòu)。

16.B固定表達結(jié)構(gòu)或前置性非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞為As17.D解析：非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞考點，先行詞為the

exciting

moment

,

將先行詞放入從句為For

the

first

time

in

the

years

their

team

won

the

world

cup

at

the

moment,

先行詞放入從句為介詞短語作時間狀語，相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞，

固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用時間關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞when,隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用at

which.

句中for

the

first

time

in

years為強詞調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。18.C先行詞the

film，放入從句為The

leading

actor

of

the

film

is

world

famous,

先行詞放入從句為of所有格作后置性定語，用相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞中的所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。19.C先行詞為some

other

places,

放入從句為other

visitors

seldom

go

to

these

places,

先行詞在從句中為相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞作地點狀語，

固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用地點關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞where,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用to

which.

本人認(rèn)為用隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞最好。20.D先行詞為the

famous

basketball

star,

放入從句為the

basketball

star

tried

to

make

a

comeback.

先行詞在從句中作主語，相同意思引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞指人。21.D先行詞5:30pm,

放入從句為many

people

have

got

home

until/by

5:30pm。先行語相關(guān)意思在從句中作時間狀語，固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞when,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞until

which,

by

which.22.D

先行詞the

ancient

Chinese

vase,

放入從句為The

ancient

Chinese

vase

was

very

reasonable,，先行詞在從句中作主語，

相同意思引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞指物，引導(dǎo)詞用which.

或the

price

of

the

Chinese

vase

was

very

reasonable,

先行詞的of所有格在從句中作后置性定語，所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)用whose

price,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用the

price

of

which23.B前一空為限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞，

后一空為非限定性定語從句，前一句先行詞those

years,

放入從句為I

lived

in

the

country

with

the

farmers

those

years.

先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞。

固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用when.

后一空先行詞為前一從句為整句先行詞，可理解為那段時間的經(jīng)歷The

experience,

放入從句為the

experience

has

a

great

effect

on

my

life.

先行詞在從句中作主語，相同意思引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞指事，非人即物。24.B解析：限定性定語從句，先行詞the

small

town

放入從句為he

grew

up

in

the

small

towm

as

a

child.

先行詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作地點狀語，相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞，固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用where,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用in

which。25.C解析：限定性定語從句考點，先行詞the

hours,

放入從句為I

was

taken

good

care

of

in

that

far-away

village

during

the

hours.

先行詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作時間狀語，固定關(guān)系引詞用when，

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用during

which.

26.A

解析：限定性定語從句考點，先行詞為a

dangerous

situation,

放入從句為He

is

likely

to

lose

control

over

the

plane

in

that

dangerous

situation.

先行詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作地點狀語，固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用where,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用in

which,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞最好。27.D

先行詞放入從句為I

saw

her

at

the

moment.

先行詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作時間狀語，引導(dǎo)詞用固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞when，引導(dǎo)詞不同省略。while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句謂語必須為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)，see為瞬間動作。28.D解析：限定性定語從句考點，

先行詞為the

reason,

定語從句引導(dǎo)詞為Why.29.D先行詞the

day，

放入從句為We

met

first

on

the

day.

先行語短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作時間狀語，

固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用when,

隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞用on

which30.D先行語the

dictionary,

放入從句為you

talked

about

the

dictionary

the

other

day.

先行詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作賓語，

從句可用about

which

you

talkd

the

other

day

或which/

that/

省略引導(dǎo)詞you

talked

about

the

other

day.31.B先行詞the

book

放入從句為I

need

the

book.

先行詞在從句中作賓語，相同意思引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞指物，

引導(dǎo)詞可用which/that/

省略引導(dǎo)詞。32.B先行詞為前一主句構(gòu)成整句先行詞現(xiàn)象，可以理解為這種情況this

situation,

放入為This

situation

was

a

pity,

先行詞在從句中作主語，

相同意思引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞指事，非人即物。33.C先行詞為前一主句構(gòu)成整句先行詞現(xiàn)象，可以理解為這一經(jīng)歷this

experience