專題41 閱讀理解之主旨大意題（講案）原卷版

26/26高考一輪復習知識清單專題41閱讀理解之主旨大意題（講案）原卷版（快問快答+思維導圖+考法點撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解主旨大意題快問快答P1二、閱讀理解主旨大意題高考考情P1三、閱讀理解主旨大意題命題特點P2四、閱讀理解主旨大意題思維導圖P3五、閱讀理解主旨大意題考法點撥P4考法一：段落大意題P4考法二：文章大意題P5考法三：標題概括題P8六、閱讀理解主旨大意題真題演練(7例)P11七、閱讀理解主旨大意題名校模擬(8篇)P16模擬一：段落大意題P16模擬二：文章大意題P18模擬三：記敘文標題概括題P21模擬四：說明文標題概括題P23一、閱讀理解主旨大意題快問快答Q1：閱讀理解主旨大意題有什么特點？A1：主旨大意題屬于閱讀理解較難題型，每年必考，占1-2題，需要有較強的閱讀理解能力和做題技能。Q2：閱讀理解主旨大意題做題步驟如何？A2：一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關鍵性(題眼)，二是“定位”--尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句做好標記，尤其是關注文章體裁、文章結構，三是“比對”--仔細比對四個選項與文中原句關系，確認屬于哪一種主旨大意題，關注干擾項“偷換概念”“無中生有”“張冠李戴”等命題手段去偽存真確定答案。Q3：閱讀理解主旨大意題有哪些考查方法？A3：閱讀理解主旨大意題有三大考查方向：一是段落大意題，二是文章大意題，三是標題概括題。Q4：如何提高閱讀理解主旨大意題正答率？A4：一要掌握閱讀理解主旨大意題命題規(guī)律和選項特征，二要不斷擴大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯，三要廣泛進行閱讀實踐和專項訓練，積累推理判斷經(jīng)驗，掌握主旨大意題整體閱讀這一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的個性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯，探尋錯誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯誤。二、閱讀理解主旨大意題高考考情主旨大意題目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和擬定文章標題。該類題目在文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關鍵詞、主干句進行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點統(tǒng)計卷別細節(jié)理解題主旨大意題主旨大意題主旨大意題2024新課標I卷91412024新課標II卷91412023新課標I卷61712023新課標II卷61712022新課標I卷82412022新課標II卷82412024全國甲卷71612023全國甲卷81512023全國乙卷51812022全國甲卷81332022全國乙卷10131三、閱讀理解主旨大意題命題特點【設問特點】特殊疑問句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;通常涉及推斷作者態(tài)度、文章出處、文章類型、寫作意圖、下段話題等。特殊疑問句形式:以what等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;通常涉及段落大意、文章大意或者標題概括等。26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout? （2024新課標I卷，段落大意題）31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout? （2024新課標II卷，文章大意題）27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext? （2024全國甲卷，標題概括題）35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext? （2024浙江1月卷，標題概括題）32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout? （2023全國乙卷，段落大意題）31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? （2022全國甲卷，文章大意題）【選項規(guī)律】正確選項特征概括性涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段覆蓋性確定的范圍恰當，既不太大，也不太小精確性精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩模糊性不出現(xiàn)細節(jié)信息，不含過分肯定或絕對意義的詞干擾選項特征主題擴大所給選項內(nèi)容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容無中生有符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反偷換概念所給選項被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上四、閱讀理解主旨大意題思維導圖五、閱讀理解主旨大意題考法點撥考法一：段落大意題每一篇文段都要圍繞一個特定的主題，按照一定的邏輯順序展開，所以段落的結構也有一定的規(guī)律性。做題時要特別注意“首尾兼顧”,即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因為它們往往體現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因為利用這些信息可以迅速提煉段落結構框架，在框架下判斷主旨，其準確性更高?！径温浯笠忸}干擾項特征】1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細節(jié)內(nèi)容或個別詞語做出選項內(nèi)容。3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。4.主觀臆測，無中生有。選項中關鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項的實際含義與文章主題無關?！径温浯笠忸}兩大抓手】1.尋找段落主題句解答段落大意題的關鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個段落總有一個中心，通常中心思想會在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句?？傮w來說，采用歸納法的段落，細節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考生要學會根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。2.確定段落關鍵詞段落中反復出現(xiàn)的詞匯一般就是段落關鍵詞，往往需要出現(xiàn)在正確選項中?！径温浯笠忸}思維導圖】【調(diào)研01】(2024新課標I卷第26題)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【調(diào)研02】(2023新課標I卷第32題)Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.【調(diào)研03】(2023全國乙卷第32題)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.考法二：文章大意題文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開的，把每個段落的主題句綜合起來就可以概括出全文的中心思想。該題型主要是測試考生對一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎上能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對文章進行高度概括或總結，屬于高層次題?！疚恼麓笠忸}答題策略】題型一：利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：說明文和議論文學會關注“首段”和“段首”。借鑒“七選五”小標題類型特點，段首句統(tǒng)領全段主旨大意，由此推斷段落大意。題型二：利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句，這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關系，確定主題句位置，進而明確段落主旨大意。題型三：利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾，關注一些表征總結性，結論性的詞:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。題型四：利用段落沒有主題句推敲段落大意技巧點撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結提煉，難度更大。題型五：利用“總-分-總”結構推敲語篇主旨大意題技巧點撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結提煉，難度更大。【文章大意題思維導圖】【調(diào)研04】(2024新課標II卷第31題)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【調(diào)研05】(2022全國甲卷第31題)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.考法三：標題概括題標題是文章中心思想的精練表達。此類題目主要考查考生把握主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基礎上運用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進行提煉或高度概括，最終準確地選出文章的標題。記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標題歸納題?！緲祟}概括題三大方法】1.主題段法標題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來說第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句話或一個短語即是文章的標題。2.主題句法解題的關鍵要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對主題句進行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標題。2.關鍵詞法任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即關鍵詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。【標題概括題三大策略】1.正面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基礎上，揣摩哪個選項能準確概括主旨。2.反面否定法撇開原文，拿各個備選項去嘗試用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文對照，一一排除荒謬者。3.排除干擾法研究干擾項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結構、新奇性、概括性等。文章的標題應該新穎奇特，易激發(fā)讀者的好奇心，吸引讀者注意力?！緲祟}概括題思維導圖】【調(diào)研06】(2024全國甲卷B篇)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【調(diào)研07】(2023新高考II卷B篇)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape七、閱讀理解主旨大意題真題演練【真題演練01】（2022全國甲卷D篇）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決).”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?（段落大意題）A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat. B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell. D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions. B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation. D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【真題演練02】（2020全國III卷C篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?（文章大意題）A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【真題演練03】（2021浙江卷B篇）Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.24.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor’schildren?A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours. B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith. D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.25.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm. B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia. D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?（標題概括題）A.LetChildrenHaveFun B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTimeC.MarketNaturetoChildren D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren【真題演練04】（2020北京卷C篇）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript(手稿)consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious(神秘)ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen(工匠)wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandsciencebacktogether:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.Backwhenscience--thencalled“thenewphilosophy”--tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering(修補),ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.38.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.39.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto___________.A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmenC.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?（標題概括題）A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience4.（2018?全國I卷?B篇）27題GoodMorningBri